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Nutrients
Volume 17
Issue 3
10.3390/nu17030477
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Review

Impact of Sexual Dimorphism on Therapy Response in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Conventional and Nutritional Approaches to Emerging Therapies

by
Eleonora Dileo
†,
Francesca Saba
†,
Mirko Parasiliti-Caprino
,
Chiara Rosso
* and
Elisabetta Bugianesi
*
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2025, 17(3), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030477
Submission received: 21 December 2024 / Revised: 19 January 2025 / Accepted: 22 January 2025 / Published: 28 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in the Liver Damage)
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Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a spectrum of liver disease ranging from hepatic fat accumulation to steatohepatitis (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, MASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. MASLD is characterized by substantial inter-individual variability in terms of severity and rate of progression, with a prevalence that is generally higher in men than in women. Steroids metabolism is characterized by sexual dimorphism and may have an impact on liver disease progression; indeed, several therapeutic strategies targeting hormone receptors are under phase 2/3 development. Despite the fact that the importance of sexual dimorphism in the setting of MASLD is well recognized, the underlying molecular mechanisms that can potentially drive the disease toward progression are not clear. The aim of this review is to delve into the crosstalk between sexual dimorphism and steroid hormone perturbation under nutritional and pharmacological intervention.
Keywords: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; sexual dimorphism; steroids; sex hormones; therapy metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; sexual dimorphism; steroids; sex hormones; therapy
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MDPI and ACS Style

Dileo, E.; Saba, F.; Parasiliti-Caprino, M.; Rosso, C.; Bugianesi, E. Impact of Sexual Dimorphism on Therapy Response in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Conventional and Nutritional Approaches to Emerging Therapies. Nutrients 2025, 17, 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030477

AMA Style

Dileo E, Saba F, Parasiliti-Caprino M, Rosso C, Bugianesi E. Impact of Sexual Dimorphism on Therapy Response in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Conventional and Nutritional Approaches to Emerging Therapies. Nutrients. 2025; 17(3):477. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030477

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dileo, Eleonora, Francesca Saba, Mirko Parasiliti-Caprino, Chiara Rosso, and Elisabetta Bugianesi. 2025. "Impact of Sexual Dimorphism on Therapy Response in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Conventional and Nutritional Approaches to Emerging Therapies" Nutrients 17, no. 3: 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030477

APA Style

Dileo, E., Saba, F., Parasiliti-Caprino, M., Rosso, C., & Bugianesi, E. (2025). Impact of Sexual Dimorphism on Therapy Response in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Conventional and Nutritional Approaches to Emerging Therapies. Nutrients, 17(3), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030477

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