Colloids and Interfaces

13 pages, 19893 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Utilizing TPGS for Optimizing Quercetin Nanoemulsion for Colon Cancer Cells Inhibition

by Hadel A. Abo Enin, Ahad Fahd Alquthami, Ahad Mohammed Alwagdani, Lujain Mahmoud Yousef, Majd Safar Albuqami, Miad Abdulaziz Alharthi and Hashem O. Alsaab

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030049 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2570

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most challenging cancers to treat. Exploring novel therapeutic strategies is necessary to overcome drug resistance and improve patient outcomes. Quercetin (QR) is a polyphenolic lipophilic compound that was chosen due to its colorectal anticancer activity. Nanoparticles [...] Read more.

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most challenging cancers to treat. Exploring novel therapeutic strategies is necessary to overcome drug resistance and improve patient outcomes. Quercetin (QR) is a polyphenolic lipophilic compound that was chosen due to its colorectal anticancer activity. Nanoparticles could improve cancer therapy via tumor targeting by utilizing D-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (vitamin-E TPGS) as a surfactant in a nanoemulsion preparation, which is considered an efficient drug delivery system for enhancing lipophilic antineoplastic agents. Thus, this study aims to develop and optimize QR-loaded nanoemulsions (NE) using TPGS as a surfactant to enhance the QR antitumor activity. Method: The NE was prepared using a self-assembly technique using the chosen oils according to QR maximum solubility and TPGS as a surfactant. The prepared QR-NE was evaluated according to its particle morphology and pH. QR entrapment efficiency and QR in vitro drug release rate were determined from the selected QR-NE then we measured the QR-NE stability. The anticancer activity of the best-selected formula was studied on HT-29 and HCT-116 cell lines. Results: Oleic acid was chosen to prepare QR-NE as it has the best QR solubility. The prepared NE, which had particles size < 200 nm, maximum entrapment efficiency > 80%, and pH 3.688 + 0.102 was selected as the optimal formula. It was a physically stable formula. The prepared QR-NE enhanced the QR release rate (84.52 ± 0.71%) compared to the free drug. QR-NPs significantly improved the cellular killing efficiency in HCT-116 and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines (lower IC50, two folds more than free drug). Conclusion: The prepared QR-NE could be a promising stable formula for improving QR release rate and anticancer activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Emulsions and Applications)

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17 pages, 1986 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Nonionic Surfactants on the Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation in Multiphase System

by Khor Siak Foo, Omar Nashed, Bhajan Lal, Cornelius Borecho Bavoh, Azmi Mohd Shariff and Raj Deo Tewari

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030048 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2115

Abstract

Gas hydrate inhibitors have proven to be the most feasible approach to controlling hydrate formation in flow assurance operational facilities. Due to the unsatisfactory performance of the traditional inhibitors, novel effective inhibitors are needed to replace the existing ones for safe operations within [...] Read more.

Gas hydrate inhibitors have proven to be the most feasible approach to controlling hydrate formation in flow assurance operational facilities. Due to the unsatisfactory performance of the traditional inhibitors, novel effective inhibitors are needed to replace the existing ones for safe operations within constrained budgets. This work presents experimental and modeling studies on the effects of nonionic surfactants as kinetic hydrate inhibitors. The kinetic methane hydrate inhibition impact of Tween-20, Tween-40, Tween-80, Span-20, Span-40, and Span-80 solutions was tested in a 1:1 mixture of a water and oil multiphase system at a concentration of 1.0% (v/v) and 2.0% (v/v), using a high-pressure autoclave cell at 8.70 MPa and 274.15 K. The results showed that Tween-80 effectively delays the hydrate nucleation time at 2.5% (v/v) by 868.1% compared to the blank sample. Tween-80 is more effective than PVP (a commercial kinetic hydrate inhibitor) in delaying the hydrate nucleation time. The adopted models could predict the methane hydrate induction time and rate of hydrate formation in an acceptable range with an APE of less than 6%. The findings in this study are useful for safely transporting hydrocarbons in multiphase oil systems with fewer hydrate plug threats. Full article

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13 pages, 1179 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Pea Protein Isolate-Stabilized Oil-in-Water Ultra-Nanoemulsions by Response Surface Methodology and the Effect of Electrolytes on Optimized Nanoemulsions

by Anuj Niroula, Rodah Alshamsi, Bhawna Sobti and Akmal Nazir

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030047 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2604

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are optically transparent and offer good stability, bioavailability, and control over the targeted delivery and release of lipophilic active components. In this study, pea protein isolate (PPI)-stabilized O/W nanoemulsions were evaluated using response surface methodology to obtain optimized ultra-nanoemulsions of Sauter mean [...] Read more.

Nanoemulsions are optically transparent and offer good stability, bioavailability, and control over the targeted delivery and release of lipophilic active components. In this study, pea protein isolate (PPI)-stabilized O/W nanoemulsions were evaluated using response surface methodology to obtain optimized ultra-nanoemulsions of Sauter mean diameter (D_3,2) < 100 nm using a high-pressure homogenizer (HPH). Furthermore, the effect of food matrix electrolytes, i.e., the pH and ionic strength, on the emulsion (prepared at optimized conditions) was investigated. The results revealed that the droplet size distribution of emulsions was mainly influenced by the PPI concentration and the interaction of oil concentration and HPH pressure. Moreover, a non-significant increase in droplet size was observed when the nanoemulsions (having an initial D_3,2 < 100 nm) were stored at 4 °C for 7 days. Based on the current experimental design, nanoemulsions with a droplet size < 100 nm can effectively be prepared with a high PPI concentration (6.35%), with less oil (1.95%), and at high HPH pressure (46.82 MPa). Such emulsions were capable of maintaining a droplet size below 100 nm even at ionic conditions of up to 400 mM NaCl and at acidic pH. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Colloids: 2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 3575 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nucleation, Coalescence, and Thin-Film Growth of Triflate-Based Ionic Liquids on ITO, Ag, and Au Surfaces

by Mariana S. M. Teixeira, Luís M. N. B. F. Santos and José C. S. Costa

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030046 - 7 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2966

Abstract

This study investigates the nucleation and growth of micro-/nanodroplets of triflate-based ionic liquids (ILs) fabricated by vapor deposition on different surfaces: indium tin oxide (ITO); silver (Ag); gold (Au). The ILs studied are constituted by the alkylimidazolium cation and the triflate anion—[C_n [...] Read more.

This study investigates the nucleation and growth of micro-/nanodroplets of triflate-based ionic liquids (ILs) fabricated by vapor deposition on different surfaces: indium tin oxide (ITO); silver (Ag); gold (Au). The ILs studied are constituted by the alkylimidazolium cation and the triflate anion—[C_nC₁im][OTF] series. One of the key issues that determine the potential applications of ILs is the wettability of surfaces. Herein, the wetting behavior was evaluated by changing the cation alkyl chain length (C₂ to C₁₀). A reproducible control of the deposition rate was conducted employing Knudsen cells, and the thin-film morphology was evaluated by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study reported here for the [C_nC₁im][OTF] series agrees with recent data for the [C_nC₁im][NTf₂] congeners, highlighting the higher wettability of the solid substrates to long-chain alkylimidazolium cations. Compared to [NTf₂], the [OTF] series evidenced an even more pronounced wetting ability on Au and coalescence processes of droplets highly intense on ITO. Higher homogeneity and film cohesion were found for cationic groups associated with larger alkyl side chains. An island growth was observed on both Ag and ITO substrates independently of the cation alkyl chain length. The Ag surface promoted the formation of smaller-size droplets. A quantitative analysis of the number of microdroplets formed on Ag and ITO revealed a trend shift around [C₆C₁im][OTF], emphasizing the effect of the nanostructuration intensification due to the formation of nonpolar continuous domains. Full article

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38 pages, 6340 KiB

Open AccessReview

An Overview of Coacervates: The Special Disperse State of Amphiphilic and Polymeric Materials in Solution

by Satya Priya Moulik, Animesh Kumar Rakshit, Animesh Pan and Bappaditya Naskar

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030045 - 6 Sep 2022

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 12330

Abstract

Individual amphiphiles, polymers, and colloidal dispersions influenced by temperature, pH, and environmental conditions or interactions between their oppositely charged pairs in solvent medium often produce solvent-rich and solvent-poor phases in the system. The solvent-poor denser phase found either on the top or the [...] Read more.

Individual amphiphiles, polymers, and colloidal dispersions influenced by temperature, pH, and environmental conditions or interactions between their oppositely charged pairs in solvent medium often produce solvent-rich and solvent-poor phases in the system. The solvent-poor denser phase found either on the top or the bottom of the system is called coacervate. Coacervates have immense applications in various technological fields. This review comprises a concise introduction, focusing on the types of coacervates, and the influence of different factors in their formation, structures, and stability. In addition, their physicochemical properties, thermodynamics of formation, and uses and multifarious applications are also concisely presented and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colloids Science in Asia)

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10 pages, 1551 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolution of Heterogeneity and Chemical Functionality during the Oxidation of Graphite

by Harish V. Kumar, Andrew J. Oyer, Kevin Y. -S. Huang and Douglas H. Adamson

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030044 - 29 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2108

Abstract

A kinetic study of graphite oxidation provided several insights into the mechanism of graphite oxide (GO) synthesis. The oxidation was observed to occur in two distinct stages, with the first stage lasting for 20 to 30 min and including a rapid disruption of [...] Read more.

A kinetic study of graphite oxidation provided several insights into the mechanism of graphite oxide (GO) synthesis. The oxidation was observed to occur in two distinct stages, with the first stage lasting for 20 to 30 min and including a rapid disruption of the graphene sp² network, the introduction of oxygen functional groups, and an increase in the spacing between the sheets. The second stage saw a marked decrease in the rate of change in spacing, a significant increase in the homogeneity of the GO, little to no further disruption of the sp² network, and continuing evolution of the oxygen functionality. The study was based on the analysis by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA of material taken at various times from a modified Hummers oxidation reaction following work up. Full article

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13 pages, 2023 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison between Quinoa and Quillaja saponins in the Formation, Stability and Digestibility of Astaxanthin-Canola Oil Emulsions

by Daniela Sotomayor-Gerding, Eduardo Morales and Mónica Rubilar

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030043 - 28 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2535

Abstract

Saponins from Quillaja saponaria and Chenopodium quinoa were evaluated as natural emulsifiers in the formation of astaxanthin enriched canola oil emulsions. The aim of this study was to define the processing conditions for developing emulsions and to evaluate their physical stability against environmental [...] Read more.

Saponins from Quillaja saponaria and Chenopodium quinoa were evaluated as natural emulsifiers in the formation of astaxanthin enriched canola oil emulsions. The aim of this study was to define the processing conditions for developing emulsions and to evaluate their physical stability against environmental conditions: pH (2–10), temperature (20–50 °C), ionic strength (0–500 mM NaCl), and storage (35 days at 25 °C), as well as their performance in an in vitro digestion model. The emulsions were characterized, evaluating their mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were effectively produced using 1% oil phase and 1% emulsifier (saponins). Emulsions were stable over a wide range of pH values (4–10), but exhibited particle aggregation at lower pH, salt conditions, and high temperatures. The emulsion stability index (ESI) remained above 80% after 35 days of storage. The results of our study suggest that saponins can be an effective alternative to synthetic emulsifiers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Emulsions and Applications)

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12 pages, 3639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Single-Stranded DNA Recognition over Fluorescent Gold-Aryl Nanoparticles

by Javad B. M. Parambath, Gayathri A. Kanu, Raed O. Abu Odeh, Sanghyeon Kim, Changseok Han and Ahmed A. Mohamed

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030042 - 24 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2375

Abstract

Fluorescence labeling of gold-aryl nanoparticles, AuNPs-COOH, was achieved by the covalent derivatization with dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl) reagent (5-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride) for potential ssDNA recognition. The fluorescent gold nanoparticles of AuNPs-C₆H₄-4-COO-dansyl (AuNPs-DNS) of spherical shape and a size of 19.3 ± [...] Read more.

Fluorescence labeling of gold-aryl nanoparticles, AuNPs-COOH, was achieved by the covalent derivatization with dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl) reagent (5-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride) for potential ssDNA recognition. The fluorescent gold nanoparticles of AuNPs-C₆H₄-4-COO-dansyl (AuNPs-DNS) of spherical shape and a size of 19.3 ± 8.3 nm were synthesized in a carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (pH = 10.6) at 37 °C. The fluorescence emission at 475 nm was acquired using fluorescence spectroscopy and investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence. The conjugation of ssDNA to AuNPs-DNS using the freeze-thaw and salt-aging methods was confirmed by fluorescence emission quenching, gel electrophoresis separation, and lifetime decrease. Conjugated ssDNA to AuNPs-DNS using the freeze-thaw method was more efficient than the salt-aging method. The purity of ssDNA upon conjugation was measured with optical density, and the obtained A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio was in the range of 1.7–2.0. This research can be applied to other nucleotide recognition and theranostics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocolloids and Biointerfaces)

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15 pages, 2126 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Divalent and Monovalent Salts on Interfacial Dilational Rheology of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Solutions

by Pouria Amani and Mahshid Firouzi

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030041 - 19 Jul 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3776

Abstract

This study presents the equilibrium surface tension (ST), critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the dilational viscoelasticity of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)-adsorbed layers in the presence of NaCl, KCl, LiCl, CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ at 0.001–0.1 M salt concentration. The ST and surface [...] Read more.

This study presents the equilibrium surface tension (ST), critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the dilational viscoelasticity of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)-adsorbed layers in the presence of NaCl, KCl, LiCl, CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ at 0.001–0.1 M salt concentration. The ST and surface dilational viscoelasticity were determined using bubble-shape analysis technique. To capture the complete profile of dilational viscoelastic properties of SDBS-adsorbed layers, experiments were conducted within a wide range of SDBS concentrations at a fixed oscillating frequency of 0.01 Hz. Salts were found to lower the ST and induce micellar formation at all concentrations. However, the addition of salts increased dilational viscoelastic modulus only at a certain range of SDBS concentration (below 0.01–0.02 mM SDBS). Above this concentration range, salts decreased dilational viscoelasticity due to the domination of the induced molecular exchange dampening the ST gradient. The dilational viscoelasticity of the salts of interest were in the order CaCl₂ > MgCl₂ > KCl > NaCl > LiCl. The charge density of ions was found as the corresponding factor for the higher impact of divalent ions compared to monovalent ions, while the impact of monovalent ions was assigned to the degree of matching in water affinities, and thereby the tendency for ion-pairing between SDBS head groups and monovalent ions. Full article

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15 pages, 10608 KiB

Open AccessReview

Adsorption, Surface Viscoelasticity, and Foaming Properties of Silk Fibroin at the Air/Water Interface

by Xiuying Qiao, Reinhard Miller, Emanuel Schneck and Kang Sun

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030040 - 19 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2434

Abstract

Like other proteins, the natural silk fibroin (SF) extracted from domesticated silkworms can adsorb at the air/water interface and stabilize foam due to its amphiphilic character and surface activity. At the interface, the adsorbed SF molecules experience structural reorganization and form water-insoluble viscoelastic [...] Read more.

Like other proteins, the natural silk fibroin (SF) extracted from domesticated silkworms can adsorb at the air/water interface and stabilize foam due to its amphiphilic character and surface activity. At the interface, the adsorbed SF molecules experience structural reorganization and form water-insoluble viscoelastic films, which protect foam bubbles from coalescence and rupture. The solution conditions, such as protein concentration, pH, and additives, have significant influences on the molecular adsorption, layer thickness, interfacial mechanical strength, and, thus, on the foaming properties of SF. The understanding of the relationship between the interfacial adsorption, surface viscoelasticity, and foaming properties of SF is very important for the design, preparation, and application of SF foams in different fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocolloids and Biointerfaces)

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7 pages, 1966 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Contact Angle Hysteresis Puzzle

by Abraham Marmur

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030039 - 4 Jul 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3079

Abstract

This short review explains the essence of the theory of contact angle hysteresis. It emphasizes the controversial points and discusses the shortcomings of contact angle hysteresis measurements. The review ends with conclusions regarding the improvements that are required to make these measurements useful [...] Read more.

This short review explains the essence of the theory of contact angle hysteresis. It emphasizes the controversial points and discusses the shortcomings of contact angle hysteresis measurements. The review ends with conclusions regarding the improvements that are required to make these measurements useful for the characterization of surface wettability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Colloids, Nanomaterials, and Interfaces)

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18 pages, 3101 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phospholipids and Hyaluronan: From Molecular Interactions to Nano- and Macroscale Friction

by Sixuan Li, Lubica Macakova, Piotr Bełdowski, Per M. Claesson and Andra Dėdinaitė

Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6030038 - 23 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2641

Abstract

Phospholipids and hyaluronan are two key biomolecules that contribute to the excellent lubrication of articular joints. Phospholipids alone and in combination with hyaluronan have also displayed low friction forces on smooth surfaces in micro- and nanosized tribological contacts. In an effort to develop [...] Read more.

Phospholipids and hyaluronan are two key biomolecules that contribute to the excellent lubrication of articular joints. Phospholipids alone and in combination with hyaluronan have also displayed low friction forces on smooth surfaces in micro- and nanosized tribological contacts. In an effort to develop aqueous-based lubrication systems, it is highly relevant to explore if these types of molecules also are able to provide efficient lubrication of macroscopic tribological contacts involving surfaces with roughness larger than the thickness of the lubricating layer. To this end, we investigated the lubrication performance of hyaluronan, the phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), and mixtures of these two components using glass surfaces in a mini-traction machine. We compared our data with those obtained using flat silica surfaces in previous atomic force microscopy studies, and we also highlighted insights on hyaluronan–phospholipid interactions gained from recent simulations. Our data demonstrate that hyaluronan alone does not provide any lubricating benefit, but DPPC alone and in mixtures with hyaluronan reduces the friction force by an order of magnitude. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocolloids and Biointerfaces)

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Colloids Interfaces, Volume 6, Issue 3 (September 2022) – 12 articles

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