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Actuators
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Advanced Actuation and Control Technologies for Vehicle Driving Systems
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Advanced Actuation and Control Technologies for Vehicle Driving Systems

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825). This special issue belongs to the section "Actuators for Land Transport".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 10820

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Md Abdus Samad Kamal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cluster of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
Interests: autonomous driving; intelligent transportation systems (ITS); model predictive control (MPC); reinforcement learning; machine learning; artificial intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Masakazu Mukai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 163-8677, Japan
Interests: control engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Actuators are essential in any vehicle system to ultimately execute control decisions at the wheel, relaying information to the transmission and powertrain. In the case of hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, and fuel-cell vehicles, the role of actuators is vital in energy conversion by switching between the power sources. This requires highly efficient actuation technologies. Most importantly, the rapid development of communication technology and the need to cater to the aging population in developed countries have potentially made autonomous vehicles a necessity and a vital business paradigm. Autonomous vehicles are expected to constitute around 50% of vehicle sales, 30% of vehicles, and 40% of all vehicle travel by 2040. Advanced vehicles, including autonomous vehicles, are the most challenging area of innovation in the automotive industries, where such actuation and control technologies are vital for developing complex vehicle subsystems to achieve better-operating characteristics.

This Special Issue addresses the need to develop relevant advanced technologies, considering emerging control applications in any advanced vehicle systems and specifically covering the following topics:

  • Modelling, prediction, and control of the driving behavior of autonomous vehicles;
  • Vehicle dynamics and control technologies;
  • Predictive- and learning-based control to improve autonomous vehicles safety and performance;
  • Estimation and sensing for autonomous vehicles;
  • Novel design of autonomous vehicles powertrain and chassis subsystems;
  • User-automated vehicle interaction, focusing on autonomous vehicle comfort and acceptance;
  • Vibration suppression of in-wheel motor-active suspensions against negative electromechanical coupling influences.

We look forward to your valuable contributions.

Dr. Md Abdus Samad Kamal
Dr. Masakazu Mukai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Actuators is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • actuation technology for vehicles
  • vehicle dynamics and control
  • intelligent vehicle
  • advanced powertrain control technology
  • advanced motion control applications

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 8167 KiB  
Article
Ramp Start and Speed Control of Self-Driving Commercial Vehicles under Ramp and Vehicle Load Uncertainty
by Dequan Zeng, Huafu Fang, Yinquan Yu, Yiming Hu, Peizhi Zhang and Wei Luo
Actuators 2024, 13(6), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13060201 - 24 May 2024
Viewed by 856
Abstract
In order to improve the performance of self-driving commercial vehicles for half-hill starting, a ramp control strategy based on the back-slip speed corresponding to the parking moment is proposed. Firstly, the longitudinal dynamics model of the vehicle is established, the force of the [...] Read more.
In order to improve the performance of self-driving commercial vehicles for half-hill starting, a ramp control strategy based on the back-slip speed corresponding to the parking moment is proposed. Firstly, the longitudinal dynamics model of the vehicle is established, the force of the vehicle on the ramp is analyzed, and the rear slip speed of the vehicle is matched with the parking moment, and finally the target speed is tracked based on the sliding-mode controller, and in order to validate the validity of the method, two comparative algorithms of the pure PI controller and the proportional gain controller based on the back-sliding speed corresponding to the resting moment are designed for comparative experiments, and the data results show that the control strategy based on the resting moment corresponding to the backsliding speed of the sliding mode ramp start control strategy can stably complete the ramp start under different weights and different slopes, and greatly reduce the backsliding distance of the vehicle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Actuation and Control Technologies for Vehicle Driving Systems)
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12 pages, 978 KiB  
Article
Eco-Driving on Hilly Roads in a Mixed Traffic Environment: A Model Predictive Control Approach
by A. S. M. Bakibillah, Md Abdus Samad Kamal, Jun-ichi Imura, Masakazu Mukai and Kou Yamada
Actuators 2024, 13(4), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13040144 - 14 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1692
Abstract
Human driving behavior significantly affects vehicle fuel economy and emissions on hilly roads. This paper presents an ecological (eco) driving scheme (EDS) on hilly roads using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) in a mixed traffic environment. A nonlinear optimization problem with a relevant [...] Read more.
Human driving behavior significantly affects vehicle fuel economy and emissions on hilly roads. This paper presents an ecological (eco) driving scheme (EDS) on hilly roads using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) in a mixed traffic environment. A nonlinear optimization problem with a relevant prediction horizon and a cost function is formulated using variables impacting the fuel economy of vehicles. The EDS minimizes vehicle fuel usage and emissions by generating the optimum velocity trajectory considering the longitudinal motion dynamics, the preceding vehicle’s state, and slope information from the digital road map. Furthermore, the immediate vehicle velocity and angle of the road slope are used to tune the cost function’s weight utilizing fuzzy inference methods for smooth maneuvering on slopes. Microscopic traffic simulations are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed EDS for different penetration rates on a real hilly road in Fukuoka City, Japan, in a mixed traffic environment with the conventional (human-based) driving scheme (CDS). The results show that the fuel consumption and emissions of vehicles are significantly reduced by the proposed NMPC-based EDS compared to the CDS for varying penetration rates. Additionally, the proposed EDS significantly increases the average speed of vehicles on the hilly road. The proposed scheme can be deployed as an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Actuation and Control Technologies for Vehicle Driving Systems)
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24 pages, 43488 KiB  
Article
Lateral Stability Control for Intelligent Commercial Vehicle Based on Reconstructed Objective Function Method
by Yafei Li, Yiyong Yang, Xiangyu Wang and Chengbiao Wang
Actuators 2024, 13(4), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13040134 - 8 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1138
Abstract
In this paper, a novel electric-hydraulic power steering (EHPS) system and a vehicle stability coordination control algorithm are proposed which can not only ensure the accuracy of the trajectory tracking but also solve the coordination control problem between the stability of the lateral [...] Read more.
In this paper, a novel electric-hydraulic power steering (EHPS) system and a vehicle stability coordination control algorithm are proposed which can not only ensure the accuracy of the trajectory tracking but also solve the coordination control problem between the stability of the lateral control and the stability of the roll in the extreme condition. Firstly, the EHPS system is designed to provide accurate control input of front wheel angle for vehicle lateral dynamics control. Secondly, on the basis of optimal preview theory, a new trajectory tracking fusion controller combined with sliding mode control is proposed to improve the accuracy and stability of the system in the process of vehicle lateral trajectory tracking control. Then, the stability domain boundary function of the phase plane is determined according to the phase plane of the sideslip angle-yaw rate, and the stability margin of the phase plane is calculated during the steering process. Finally, considering the tracking accuracy, lateral stability and roll stability performance in the process of trajectory tracking, the linear weighted algorithm is used to coordinate above three objectives, and the HIL bench test and real vehicle experiment verify that the proposed algorithm has good reliability and effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Actuation and Control Technologies for Vehicle Driving Systems)
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21 pages, 17164 KiB  
Article
Transient and Dynamic Simulation of the Fluid Flow through Five-Way Electric Coolant Control Valve of a 100 kW Fuel Cell Vehicle by CFD with Moving Grid Technique
by Soo-Jin Jeong, Ji-hoon Kang, Seong-Joon Moon and Gum-su Lee
Actuators 2024, 13(3), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13030110 - 11 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1711
Abstract
In order to maintain the performance of a fuel cell vehicle, it is essential to maintain a constant temperature of the stack. Therefore, it is very important to distribute the optimal coolant flow rate to each major component under very diverse and rapidly [...] Read more.
In order to maintain the performance of a fuel cell vehicle, it is essential to maintain a constant temperature of the stack. Therefore, it is very important to distribute the optimal coolant flow rate to each major component under very diverse and rapidly changing dynamic operating conditions. The part responsible for this is a five-way electric coolant valve. Therefore, this study aims to investigate transient dynamic flow characteristics of the fluid flow through a five-way electric coolant valve (PCCV: Penta-Control Coolant Valve). To achieve this goal, this paper attempts a three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the fluid flow through the valve using a commercial CFD solver with moving mesh technique to consider flow inertia and dynamic flow in the opening and closing stages of the ball valve rotating motion. The dynamic flow characteristics and the thermal mixing inside the PCCV ball valve during the opening and closing stages are analyzed. It was found that the discrepancies between dynamic and steady-state simulations are remarkable when fluxes with different levels of enthalpy and momentum flow into the PCCV, leading to strong flow interference and flow inertia, while the discrepancies are relatively small at low rotation speed and weak flow interference. Subsequently, the effect of the dynamic flow characteristics of the valve on the dynamic thermal mixing characteristics at two different ball valve rotation speeds and rotation directions are investigated. It was found that the dynamic flow and thermal mixing characteristics inside the PCCV are greatly affected by the rotation speed, rotation direction, and degree of flow interference between fluxes. It also helps design better coolant control strategies and improves the FCEV thermal management system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Actuation and Control Technologies for Vehicle Driving Systems)
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21 pages, 4359 KiB  
Article
Lateral Trajectory Tracking of Self-Driving Vehicles Based on Sliding Mode and Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control
by Xiqing Zhang, Jin Li, Zhiguang Ma, Dianmin Chen and Xiaoxu Zhou
Actuators 2024, 13(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13010007 - 22 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1753
Abstract
The tracking accuracy and vehicle stability of self-driving trajectory tracking are particularly important. Due to the influence of high-frequency oscillation near the sliding mode surface and the modeling error of the single-point preview model itself when using sliding mode control (SMC) for the [...] Read more.
The tracking accuracy and vehicle stability of self-driving trajectory tracking are particularly important. Due to the influence of high-frequency oscillation near the sliding mode surface and the modeling error of the single-point preview model itself when using sliding mode control (SMC) for the trajectory tracking lateral control of self-driving vehicles, the desired tracking effect of self-driving vehicles cannot be achieved. To address this problem, a combination of sliding mode control and fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative control (FOPID) is proposed for the application of a trajectory tracking lateral controller. In addition, in order to compare with the trajectory tracking controller built using the single-point preview model, 12 real drivers with different levels of proficiency were selected for operational data collection and comparison. The simulation results and hardware-in-the-loop results show that the designed SMC + FOPID controller has high tracking accuracy based on vehicle stability. The trajectory accuracy based on SMC + FOPID outperforms the real driver data, SMC controller, PID controller, and model prediction controller. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Actuation and Control Technologies for Vehicle Driving Systems)
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19 pages, 4352 KiB  
Article
A Double-Layer Model Predictive Control Approach for Collision-Free Lane Tracking of On-Road Autonomous Vehicles
by Weishan Yang, Yuepeng Chen and Yixin Su
Actuators 2023, 12(4), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12040169 - 11 Apr 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2285
Abstract
This paper proposes a double-layer model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for the integrated path planning and trajectory tracking of autonomous vehicles on roads. The upper module is responsible for generating collision-free lane trajectories, while the lower module is responsible for tracking this trajectory. [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a double-layer model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for the integrated path planning and trajectory tracking of autonomous vehicles on roads. The upper module is responsible for generating collision-free lane trajectories, while the lower module is responsible for tracking this trajectory. A simplified vehicle model based on the friction cone is proposed to reduce the computation time for trajectory planning in the upper layer module. To achieve dynamic and accurate collision avoidance, a polygonal distance-based dynamic obstacle avoidance method is proposed. A vertical load calculation method for the tires is introduced to design the anti-rollover constraint in the lower layer module. Numerical simulations, with static and dynamic obstacle scenarios, are conducted on the MATLAB platform and compared with two state-of-the-art MPC algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other two algorithms regarding computation time and collision avoidance efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Actuation and Control Technologies for Vehicle Driving Systems)
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