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Agriculture
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Genetic Diversity and Variability Assessment in Field Crops
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Genetic Diversity and Variability Assessment in Field Crops

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Genetics, Genomics and Breeding".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (11 May 2023) | Viewed by 9903

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cengiz Toker

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Field Crops, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
Interests: food legumes; wild species; breeding for resistance to (a)biotic stress; pre-breeding
Dr. Eric J. Bishop von Wettberg

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant and Soil Science and Gund Institute for the Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
Interests: crop domestication; abiotic stress tolerance; legumes; forage crops
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hatice Sari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Field Crops, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
Interests: legumes; (a)biotic stress tolerance; plant genetics
Dr. Melike Bakır

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
Interests: crop genetics; legumes; abiotic stress tolerance; functional genomics; genetic diversity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Field crops, which are grown in most of the cultivated areas in the world, are a group of plants that have an important place not only in human nutrition but also in animal feeding. Although field crops classically consist of cereals, food legumes, industrial crops, medicinal and aromatic plants, and forage crops, they are plants that meet the basic nutritional needs of humankind. They are indispensable plants of the world population and animal husbandry. Today and in the near future, one of the most important problems to be faced by agronomists, plant scientists and plant breeders is to increase plant production in parallel with population growth; the second most pressing issue is the fact that high temperature and drought stresses due to climate change threaten to reduce the amount of plant production already obtained. Under these circumstances, the issues of food safety and food security in agricultural production appear as challenges to the agricultural community.

With this in mind, researchers must determine the genetic diversity and evaluate of the plant genetic resources they have. This Special Issue entitled “Genetic Diversity and Variability Assessment in Field Crops” aims to focus on all kinds of genetic diversity and the assessment of variability for all kinds of nutrients, agro-morphological characteristics, quality parameters in plants, and resistance to (a)biotic stresses in in all kinds of germplasm resources, including wild species, landraces, hybrids and main varieties. Evaluation of variability may be based on:

  • The identification of important genetic loci or gene alleles related to valuable agro-morphological, phenological, physiological, technological characteristics and resistance to (a)biotic stresses;
  • Genotyping and phenotyping of germplasm resources for valuable traits;
  • The detection of useful QTLs or genes in germplasm resources via genetic mapping, GWAS, NGS and CRISPR gene editing;
  • The development of novel DNA markers for MAS approaches;
  • The creation of novel mutants through mutagenesis;
  • The creation, addition, and substitution of lines through the introgression of foreign DNA or chromosome fragments. 

Researchers are invited to contribute original research articles, short reports, novel methods, or reviews addressing current advances in genetic diversity and the assessment of variability in plants, especially field-grown crops.

Dr. Cengiz Toker
Dr. Eric J. Bishop von Wettberg
Dr. Hatice Sari
Dr. Melike Bakır
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agriculture is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • phenotyping
  • genotyping
  • diversity
  • assessment
  • field crops
  • valuable agro-morphological, phenological, physiological, and technological characteristics and resistance to (a)biotic stresses

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3479 KiB  
Article
Traits Related to Heat Stress in Phaseolus Species
by Thierry Michel Tene, Hatice Sari, Huseyin Canci, Amar Maaruf, Tuba Eker and Cengiz Toker
Agriculture 2023, 13(5), 953; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13050953 - 26 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2263
Abstract
Traits related to heat stress in bean species (Phaseolus spp.) have been insufficiently explored to date, yet studies of these traits are needed given that heat stress is predicted to become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world because [...] Read more.
Traits related to heat stress in bean species (Phaseolus spp.) have been insufficiently explored to date, yet studies of these traits are needed given that heat stress is predicted to become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world because of climate change. In order to detect agro-morphological and physiological traits related to heat stress and selection for resistance to heat stress, a total of 196 bean genotypes including eight genotypes of tepary bean (P. acutifolius L.), five genotypes of scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus A. Gray), two genotypes of year bean (P. dumosus Macfady), five genotypes of lima bean (P. lunatus L.), and 176 genotypes of common bean (P. vulgaris L.) were evaluated in 2019 and 2020 under moderate (field) and extreme heat stress (greenhouse) conditions. Although most genotypes of P. acutifolius, P. lunatus, and P. coccineus were found to be more resistant to heat stress than most genotypes of common bean, some genotypes of common bean were shown to perform as well as P. acutifolius, P. lunatus, and P. coccineus. Biomass among agronomical traits had the highest significant direct effects on the resistance to heat stress score. The maximum quantum efficiency of PSII and SPAD values among physiological traits showed significant direct effects on the resistance to heat stress score. Biomass, leaflet size, the SPAD value and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII can be considered as heat stress-related traits, and, P. acutifolius, P. lunatus, P. coccineus, and some genotypes of P. vulgaris can be considered for exploitation in a heat stress tolerance breeding program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Diversity and Variability Assessment in Field Crops)
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12 pages, 417 KiB  
Article
Selection of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes for High Yield, Essential Amino Acids and Low Anti-Nutritional Factors
by Didem Akgun and Huseyin Canci
Agriculture 2023, 13(5), 932; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13050932 - 24 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2090
Abstract
One of the important edible legumes, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) contains high protein levels and amino acids in its seeds essential for human nutrition and animal feeding; it also consists of anti-nutritional factors such as vicine, convicine, and tannin. For [...] Read more.
One of the important edible legumes, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) contains high protein levels and amino acids in its seeds essential for human nutrition and animal feeding; it also consists of anti-nutritional factors such as vicine, convicine, and tannin. For a balanced and healthy diet, faba bean cultivars should be improved for high seed yield, essential amino acids, and low anti-nutritional factors. The aims of this study were to select faba bean genotypes for (i) high yield, (ii) low anti-nutritional factors, and (iii) essential amino acids. A total of 12 faba bean genotypes, including 10 genotypes with low tannin content and 2 local checks, were assessed for phenological, morphological, and agronomical traits, as well as some biochemical characteristics including essential amino acids and low anti-nutritional factors. A local population, Atlidere, and a breeding line with low tannin content, FLIP08-016FB, had the highest yield. FLIP08-016FB had not only the highest lysine, methionine, and cysteine content, but also the highest yield and low anti-nutritional factors. FLIP08-016FB was selected for a balanced and healthy diet as it had a high seed yield, essential amino acids, and low anti-nutritional factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Diversity and Variability Assessment in Field Crops)
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12 pages, 5158 KiB  
Article
Development of a High Yielded Chlorsulfuron-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max L.) Variety through Mutation Breeding
by Rustem Ustun and Bulent Uzun
Agriculture 2023, 13(3), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030559 - 25 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2023
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a novel herbicide resistance soybean using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagen. In this study, 0.1% of EMS mutagen was applied to the soybean [Glycine max (L.) cv Arısoy] seeds. A single resistant mutant was selected in the [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to develop a novel herbicide resistance soybean using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagen. In this study, 0.1% of EMS mutagen was applied to the soybean [Glycine max (L.) cv Arısoy] seeds. A single resistant mutant was selected in the M2 population evaluated under field and greenhouse conditions. The AHAS gene regions of the herbicide-resistant mutant progeny were mapped, and the nucleotide changes were defined conferring herbicide resistance. The sequence analysis of the AHAS gene indicated that three nucleotide substitutions were detected such as 407 (C/T), 532 (C/T), and 1790 (C/T). According to the AHAS gene protein sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana, Ala155Val, Pro197Ser, and Thr616Met amino acid alterations were found in the progeny of the resistant mutant. Pro197Ser alteration was common in all the progeny, while the others were diverse. The wild-type and the mutant plants were compared for seed yield, number of pods per plant, stem height to the first pod, 1000-seed weight, and physiological maturity days for two subsequent years. No statistical difference was found between the mutant and wild types with respect to seed yield and its components. The agronomic data indicated that EMS provided target-site resistance to sulfonylureas (SU) with no tradeoff between yield components and resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Diversity and Variability Assessment in Field Crops)
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Review

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32 pages, 1908 KiB  
Review
Genomic-Mediated Breeding Strategies for Global Warming in Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)
by Shailesh Kumar Jain, Eric J. von Wettberg, Sumer Singh Punia, Ashok Kumar Parihar, Amrit Lamichaney, Jitendra Kumar, Debjyoti Sen Gupta, Sarfraz Ahmad, Naveen Chandra Pant, Girish Prasad Dixit, Hatice Sari, Duygu Sari, Amar Ma’ruf, Pelin Toker and Cengiz Toker
Agriculture 2023, 13(9), 1721; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091721 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2214
Abstract
Although chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has high yield potential, its seed yield is often low and unstable due to the impact of abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat. As a result of global warming, both drought and heat are estimated to [...] Read more.
Although chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has high yield potential, its seed yield is often low and unstable due to the impact of abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat. As a result of global warming, both drought and heat are estimated to be major yield constraints between one-quarter and one-third per annum. In the present review, genomic-mediated breeding strategies to increase resilience against global warming. Exacerbated drought and heat stresses have been examined to understand the latest advancement happening for better management of these challenges. Resistance mechanisms for drought and heat stresses consist of (i) escape via earliness, (ii) avoidance via morphological traits such as better root traits, compound leaves, or multipinnate leaves and double-/multiple-podded traits, and (iii) tolerance via molecular and physiological traits, such as special tissue and cellular abilities. Both stresses in chickpeas are quantitatively governed by minor genes and are profoundly influenced by edaphic and other environmental conditions. High-yield genotypes have traditionally been screened for resistance to drought and heat stresses in the target selection environment under stress conditions or in the simulacrum mediums under controlled conditions. There are many drought- and heat-tolerant genotypes among domestic and wild Cicer chickpeas, especially in accessions of C. reticulatum Ladiz., C. echinospermum P.H. Davis, and C. turcicum Toker, J. Berger, and Gokturk. The delineation of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes allied to drought- and heat-related attributes have paved the way for designing stress-tolerant cultivars in chickpeas. Transgenic and “omics” technologies hold newer avenues for the basic understanding of background metabolic exchanges of QTLs/candidate genes for their further utilization. The overview of the effect of drought and heat stresses, its mechanisms/adaptive strategies, and markers linked to stress-related traits with their genetics and sources are pre-requisites for framing breeding programs of chickpeas with the intent of imparting drought tolerance. Ideotype chickpeas for resistance to drought and heat stresses were, therefore, developed directly using marker-aided selection over multiple locations. The current understanding of molecular breeding supported by functional genomics and omics technologies in developing drought- and heat-tolerant chickpea is discussed in this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Diversity and Variability Assessment in Field Crops)
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