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Animals
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Fasciolosis and Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis of Ruminants and Equids
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Fasciolosis and Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis of Ruminants and Equids

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 5747

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jacques Cabaret

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Guest Editor
UMR Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE & University of Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
Interests: eco-epidemiology of helminths; anthelmintics; philosophy of animal diseases; sociology of farming
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gastrointestinal and liver helminths are major health problems, particularly for grazing herbivores. We may expect that the use of pasture as a natural source of feed will be maintained or even increased due to the consumers’ expectations on naturalness. The use of available anthelmintics has proved efficient for decades but resistance to anthelmintics has steadily increased in small ruminants and equids and is currently also distributed in cattle. The stakeholders of husbandry then turned to alternative solutions such as breeding production animals for resistance, mostly against gastro-intestinal nematodes. Investigations for drugs based on new mechanisms are an avenue for controlling infections. The use of natural drugs from plants has also been promoted. The use of the new available drugs should be moderate and targeted towards animals that are in need of treatments if we want to avoid the appearance of resistance relative to these drugs. The management of pastures should be also included in control programs.

We are pleased to invite you to submit papers to this Special Issue. This Special Issue is searching for original and novel papers on the recent evolution of the prevalence of gastrointestinal and Fasciola infections; methods to control them via the increase in host resistance, synthetic anthelmintics, or natural substances; and the management of pastures.

This Special Issue aims to provide information on recent findings in managing the helminthiases of ruminants and equids.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  1. Resistance of host to GIN or Fasciola;
  2. New mechanisms of drug action and control of GIN or Fasciola;
  3. What kind of drugs for control: both in vivo and vitro studies addressing the anthelmintic potential of bio-active compounds from natural source as well as synthetic compounds;
  4. How to use drugs in a context of resistance? Targeted selective treatments;
  5. Parasite control in the environment (pasture management, snail control, …).

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Jacques Cabaret
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • host resistance
  • anthelmintics
  • TST
  • Fasciola
  • gastrointestinal helminths
 

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1355 KiB  
Article
Haemonchus contortus Adopt Isolate-Specific Life History Strategies to Optimize Fitness and Overcome Obstacles in Their Environment: Experimental Evidence
by Caroline Chylinski, Jacques Cortet, Jacques Cabaret and Alexandra Blanchard
Animals 2023, 13(11), 1759; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111759 - 25 May 2023
Viewed by 1203
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) use flexible life history strategies to maintain their fitness under environmental challenges. Costs incurred by a challenge to one life trait can be recouped by increasing the expression of subsequent life traits throughout their life cycle. Anticipating how parasites respond [...] Read more.
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) use flexible life history strategies to maintain their fitness under environmental challenges. Costs incurred by a challenge to one life trait can be recouped by increasing the expression of subsequent life traits throughout their life cycle. Anticipating how parasites respond to the challenge of control interventions is critical for the long-term sustainability of the practice and to further ensure that the parasites withstand favourable adaptive responses. There is currently limited information on whether distinct populations of a GIN species respond to the same environmental challenge in a consistent manner, with similar alterations to their life history strategies or comparable fitness outcomes. This study compared the life history traits and experimental fitness of three distinct Haemonchus contortus isolates exposed to environmental challenges at both the parasitic (i.e., passage through resistant or susceptible sheep) and free-living (i.e., exposure to diverse climatic conditions) life stages. The key findings show that H. contortus maintain their fitness under challenge with isolate-specific alterations to their life history strategies. Further, partial exploration of the H. contortus isolates transcriptomes using cDNA-AFLP methods confirmed disparate expression profiles between them. These results bring fresh insights into our understanding of the non-genetic adaptive processes of GIN that may hinder the efficacy of parasite control strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fasciolosis and Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis of Ruminants and Equids)
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14 pages, 2208 KiB  
Article
Phytochemicals in Gastrointestinal Nematode Control: Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Ivermectin plus Carvone Combination
by María Victoria Miró, Livio Martins Costa-Júnior, Mercedes Lloberas, Patricia Cardozo, Carlos Lanusse, Guillermo Virkel and Adrián Lifschitz
Animals 2023, 13(8), 1287; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081287 - 9 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1801
Abstract
A wide variety of plant-derived phytochemicals with anthelmintic effects have been described. Most of them have shown activity against parasites in vitro but have not been extensively explored in vivo. The aim of the current work was to study the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationship of [...] Read more.
A wide variety of plant-derived phytochemicals with anthelmintic effects have been described. Most of them have shown activity against parasites in vitro but have not been extensively explored in vivo. The aim of the current work was to study the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationship of the combined administration of carvone (R-CNE) and ivermectin (IVM) to lambs. Three trials were conducted to evaluate the pharmacological interaction between R-CNE and IVM in lambs infected with resistant nematodes. Drug concentrations were measured in plasma, target tissues, and H. contortus by HPLC with fluorescent (IVM) and ultraviolet (R-CNE) detection. The effect of both compounds on parasites was estimated by the fecal egg count reduction. Coadministration with R-CNE significantly increased the plasma bioavailability of IVM. R-CNE showed a moderate anthelmintic effect, which was greater on the susceptible isolate of H. contortus. After the combination of R-CNE and IVM as an oral emulsion, both compounds were quantified in H. contortus recovered from infected lambs. However, R-CNE concentrations were much lower than those reported to achieve anthelmintic effects in the in vitro assays. Optimization of the pharmaceutical formulation, dose rate, and administration schedule is needed to take advantage of the intrinsic anthelmintic activity of phytochemicals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fasciolosis and Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis of Ruminants and Equids)
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Review

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8 pages, 588 KiB  
Review
Anthelmintic Treatment of Sheep and the Role of Parasites Refugia in a Local Context
by Johan Höglund and Katarina Gustafsson
Animals 2023, 13(12), 1960; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121960 - 12 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2200
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing livestock are ubiquitous and can cause severe damage, leading to substantial losses in agricultural yields. It is undeniable that the integrated use of anthelmintics is often an essential component of successful intensive livestock management. However, anthelmintic resistance has been [...] Read more.
Gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing livestock are ubiquitous and can cause severe damage, leading to substantial losses in agricultural yields. It is undeniable that the integrated use of anthelmintics is often an essential component of successful intensive livestock management. However, anthelmintic resistance has been a major challenge for several decades, especially in pasture-based lamb production. Measures are therefore needed to reduce the risk and prevent further spread. In many countries with more extensive lamb production and pronounced resistance problems than in Sweden, the importance of keeping parasites in refugia is emphasised. To ensure that treatment is necessary, the Swedish model is based on deworming certain groups of ewes based on the parasitological results of a faecal examination and then releasing them with their lambs to safe pastures. This is intended to reduce the risk of infection, which ultimately reduces the number of subsequent treatments. Whether this preventive strategy in turn means an increased risk of resistance is debatable. In this review, we explain the importance of parasites in refugia and how they can help delay the development of resistance to anthelmintics. We also discuss how likely it is that our model contributes to an increase in resistance risk and whether there is reason to question whether it is a sustainable strategy in the long term. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fasciolosis and Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis of Ruminants and Equids)
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