Respiratory Diseases in Dogs and Cats—Causes, Diagnostic Tools and Treatment

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Companion Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 5760

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University of Munich, Veterinaerstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
Interests: small animal internal medicine; respiratory medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to provide an update on the latest research in the field of lower airway infections in dogs and cats. Lower respiratory infections in companion animals are common, but they are also challenging in terms of diagnostic work-up and treatment. In recent years, exciting new research has been published in the field of canine and feline pneumonia using last generation sequencing for the detection of microbial communities involved, advanced new imaging modalities, investigations in complex interactions between the immune response of pathogens and hosts, and options for the provision and monitoring of intensive treatments have been evaluated.

Manuscripts presenting original research in all fields of this topic are welcome to be submitted for publication in this Special Issue, including an investigation of the bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens and microbial communities involved in pneumonia, the investigation of predisposing factors, an evaluation of diagnostic tools and biomarkers, and articles which provide new insights into therapeutic options and outcomes.

Dr. Bianka Schulz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bronchopneumonia
  • lower airways
  • canine
  • feline
  • antibiotics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 11466 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Stress Scores of Healthy Adult Cats during Barometric Whole-Body Plethysmography and Its Correlation with Measurement Parameters
by Petra Benz, Yury Zablotski and Bianka Schulz
Animals 2024, 14(15), 2249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14152249 - 2 Aug 2024
Viewed by 817
Abstract
Barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP) is considered to be a particularly gentle method of assessing lung function in cats. However, there have been no studies to date investigating the stress experienced by cats during measurements. The prospective study included 48 healthy adult cats. Each [...] Read more.
Barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP) is considered to be a particularly gentle method of assessing lung function in cats. However, there have been no studies to date investigating the stress experienced by cats during measurements. The prospective study included 48 healthy adult cats. Each cat was measured in the plethysmographic chamber for a total of 30 min and stress levels were determined every 10 min using a stress ethogram. At the beginning of measurements, 75% of cats were assessed as tense. Over the three time periods, a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the total stress score was observed. In addition, all measurement parameters correlated significantly with the stress score, with the exception of enhanced pause and tidal volume. It can therefore be assumed that cats will initially experience stress during examination in the plethysmographic chamber, but stress will decrease significantly over time. As the stress level correlates with many measurement parameters, this should be taken into account when interpreting the results. Full article
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10 pages, 6322 KiB  
Article
Detection of Feline Coronavirus in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Cats with Atypical Lower Airway and Lung Disease: Suspicion of Virus-Associated Pneumonia or Pneumonitis
by Wei-Tao Chang, Pin-Yen Chen, Pei-Ying Lo, Hui-Wen Chen and Chung-Hui Lin
Animals 2024, 14(8), 1219; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14081219 - 18 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1574
Abstract
The premortem understanding of the role of feline coronavirus (FeCoV) in the lungs of cats is limited as viruses are seldom inspected in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens of small animal patients. This study retrospectively analyzed the prevalence of FeCoV in BAL samples [...] Read more.
The premortem understanding of the role of feline coronavirus (FeCoV) in the lungs of cats is limited as viruses are seldom inspected in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens of small animal patients. This study retrospectively analyzed the prevalence of FeCoV in BAL samples from cats with atypical lower airway and lung disease, as well as the clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, and follow-up information. Of 1162 clinical samples submitted for FeCoV RT-nPCR, 25 were BAL fluid. After excluding 1 case with chronic aspiration, FeCoV was found in 3/24 (13%) BAL specimens, with 2 having immunofluorescence staining confirming the presence of FeCoV within the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages. The cats with FeCoV in BAL fluid more often had pulmonary nodular lesions (66% vs. 19%, p = 0.14) and multinucleated cells on cytology (100% vs. 48%, p = 0.22) compared to the cats without, but these differences did not reach statistical significance due to the small sample size. Three cats showed an initial positive response to the corticosteroid treatment based on the clinical signs and radiological findings, but the long-term prognosis varied. The clinical suspicion of FeCoV-associated pneumonia or pneumonitis was raised since no other pathogens were found after extensive investigations. Further studies are warranted to investigate the interaction between FeCoV and lung responses in cats. Full article
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Review

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11 pages, 245 KiB  
Review
Recognition and Diagnosis of Underlying Disease Processes in Bacterial Pneumonia
by Jonathan D. Dear, Sean E. Hulsebosch and Lynelle R. Johnson
Animals 2024, 14(11), 1601; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14111601 - 29 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1657
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia can present in both dogs and cats as either acute or chronic disease, and clinical signs may suggest respiratory or systemic impairment. Aspiration pneumonia, a common form of disease, can be caused by esophageal or laryngeal disease, vomiting, or altered mentation, [...] Read more.
Bacterial pneumonia can present in both dogs and cats as either acute or chronic disease, and clinical signs may suggest respiratory or systemic impairment. Aspiration pneumonia, a common form of disease, can be caused by esophageal or laryngeal disease, vomiting, or altered mentation, such as with CNS disease or general anesthesia. Bacterial pneumonia can also develop due to inhaled airway foreign bodies, reduced local immune function, or impaired clearance of respiratory secretions. Rapid identification of the etiology and associated risk factors for pneumonia can help veterinarians develop a targeted therapeutic plan and prevent recurrence of disease. Full article

Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Motion in Dyspneic Dogs and Cats
Authors: Talavera-López, J., Tur-Martín, A.
Affiliation: Cardiorespiratory Service. Veterinary Teaching Hospital. University of Murcia (Spain)
Abstract: Dyspneic canine and feline patients often exhibit respiratory symptoms that can be partially attributed to diaphragmatic involvement. However, diaphragmatic motion in these animals remains understudied. In human medicine, ultrasonography has been extensively used to evaluate diaphragmatic motion characteristics, but information for veterinary patients is scarce. This research aimed to investigate the correlation between ultrasonographically assessed diaphragmatic motion and thickness (using M-mode and tissue Doppler) and clinical variables in a clinical setting, compared to healthy animals.

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