Advances in Understanding the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Animal Pharmaceuticals: A Focus on Effectiveness and Safety

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 685

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School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2678, Australia
Interests: equine nutrition; equine exercise physiology; equine behaviour & welfare; pharmacokinetics of equine medications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of veterinary medicine is undergoing continual evolution with advancements in understanding the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of animal pharmaceuticals, a critical area for ensuring the effectiveness and safety of treatments. The scientific background of this terrain of study underscores the necessity of possessing a comprehensive knowledge of drug interactions, metabolism, and efficacy in diverse animals in order to operate effectively in this field. The efficacy and safety of animal pharmaceuticals hinge on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Pharmacokinetics explores drug behaviour within the body, while pharmacodynamics examines the resulting actions. With respect to food-producing animals, drug residues need to be considered to ensure food safety for humans.

This Special Issue aims to publish original research articles and reviews that contribute to our understanding of how animal pharmaceuticals interact with their physiology. The focus is on elucidating factors that influence drug effectiveness and safety across various animal species, fostering advancements in veterinary medicine.

We welcome your valuable contributions to this impactful Special Issue, where insights can bridge the gap between laboratory research and practical applications in veterinary medicine.

Dr. Glenys Noble
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • veterinary pharmacodynamics
  • animal pharmaceuticals
  • pharmacokinetics
  • veterinary medicine
  • drug metabolism
  • pharmacokinetic modeling
  • veterinary drug research

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1576 KiB  
Article
The Pharmacokinetics of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Sheep
by Sarah A. Stevens, Scott H. Edwards, Glenys K. Noble, Colin J. Scrivener, Gaye L. Krebs, Christopher E. Petzel, Christopher D. May, Zi Xuan Tai, Bronwyn L. Blake, Kenneth C. Dods and Leon N. Warne
Animals 2024, 14(22), 3328; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223328 - 19 Nov 2024
Viewed by 402
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) has not been established in ruminants. Pharmacokinetic knowledge is important given feeding industrial hemp biomass has been shown to result in tissue residues post feeding in sheep. Due to a lack of testing and [...] Read more.
The pharmacokinetics of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) has not been established in ruminants. Pharmacokinetic knowledge is important given feeding industrial hemp biomass has been shown to result in tissue residues post feeding in sheep. Due to a lack of testing and available data, a ‘maximum’ concentration of Δ9-THC has not been currently set for foods of animal origin. Consequently, this study was designed to gain a better understanding of how ruminants process Δ9-THC. Eight Merino ewes were administered with two per os (PO) doses of 88.5 mg Δ9-THC/kg bodyweight (BW) 12 h apart. Blood samples were collected periodically post dosing to determine the pharmacokinetics of Δ9-THC and subcutaneous fat biopsies were taken to investigate the deposition and elimination of Δ9-THC from sheep. An elimination half-life of 31.40 ± 13.87 h was identified, with residues persisting in the subcutaneous fat for 28 d in five of the eight sheep, before decreasing below the limit of detection in all sheep by 91 d. These results support the prolonged presence of Δ9-THC residues previously identified. Thus, imposing a practical withholding period for ruminants involved in the food chain may not be possible, with further research required to investigate how iHemp biomass may be safely fed to ruminants. Full article
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