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The Gut Microbiota of Farmed Aquatic Animals: Current Strategies and...
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The Gut Microbiota of Farmed Aquatic Animals: Current Strategies and Perspectives in Environment and Dietary Modulation for Enhanced Health and Resilience in Aquaculture

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 December 2022) | Viewed by 10866

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Simon Davies

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
2. Emeritus Professor of Aquaculture Nutrition and Biosciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
Interests: fish nutritional requirements; feed formulation; functional feed additives; sustainable ingredients; immuno-nutrition; gene expression; gut integrity; microbiome; disease resistance; health and welfare
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alex Wan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway H91 V8Y1, Ireland
Interests: Crustaceans; fish; gut integrity; microbial films; animal welfare
Dr. Cecília Souza-Valente

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit, Room 204, Annex Building, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City H91 TK33, Ireland
Interests: aquaculture nutrition and immunology; nutrigenomics and gut health disease resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Animals will address the dynamic role of the microbiome in relation to influence on normal physiology, metabolism, and interaction with the intestinal mucosal interface. We desire to examine the complex role and synergy of the microbial population in farmed fish in terms of supporting health and optimum performance, such as growth and feed conversion efficiency. The tolerance of fish to various infections and defense system mechanisms due to the gut flora will be of immense interest. The breaching of these barriers (gut mucosal barrier) can generate inflammatory pathways leading to pathogenic insult, disease, and mortality. It is important to appreciate the potential to exert a positive corrective influence through dietary modulation and use of functional feed additives and dietary supplements such as prebiotics and probiotics to create a more resilient and robust fish via modulation of the immunological system. This will be a new avenue for healthier farmed fish and achieve a pathway for higher welfare status.

Prof. Dr. Simon Davies
Dr. Alex Wan
Dr. Cecília Souza-Valente
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut microbiome
  • mucosal interface
  • immunostimulation
  • diet
  • functional feed additives
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • symbiotics microbiota and environment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 4612 KiB  
Article
Effects of Three Feed Additives on the Culturable Microbiota Composition and Histology of the Anterior and Posterior Intestines of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
by Alexei Nikiforov-Nikishin, Svetlana Smorodinskaya, Nikita Kochetkov, Dmitry Nikiforov-Nikishin, Valery Danilenko, Oleg Bugaev, Aleksey Vatlin, Nina Abrosimova, Sergei Antipov, Alexander Kudryavtsev and Viktor Klimov
Animals 2022, 12(18), 2424; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182424 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2978
Abstract
In this study, the effect of three promising feed additives (chelated compounds of trace elements, butyric acid, lycopene) on changes in the culturable microbiota and histological parameters of two sections of the intestines of Danio rerio (zebrafish) was studied. The use of these [...] Read more.
In this study, the effect of three promising feed additives (chelated compounds of trace elements, butyric acid, lycopene) on changes in the culturable microbiota and histological parameters of two sections of the intestines of Danio rerio (zebrafish) was studied. The use of these feed additives can help to eliminate the deficiency of trace elements, modulate the composition of the microbiota due to the postbiotic properties of butyric acid, and reduce oxidative stress when using lycopene. Incorporation of the investigated supplements in the feed resulted in a significant change in the relative abundance of certain groups of microorganisms. The taxonomic diversity of cultured microorganisms did not differ in the anterior and posterior intestines, while there were differences in the relative abundance of these microorganisms. The most sensitive groups of microorganisms were the genera Bacillus and Serratia. A significant effect on the composition of the cultured microbiota was caused by lycopene (in all studied concentrations), leading to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the anterior gut. Studies of the histological structure of the anterior and posterior guts have shown the relationship between the barrier and secretory functions of the gut and the composition of the microbiota while using butyric acid (1 and 2 g kg−1) and trace element chelated compounds (2 mg kg−1). This culture-dependent method of studying the microbiome makes it possible to assess changes in some representatives of the main groups of microorganisms (Firmicutes and Proteobacteria). Despite the incompleteness of the data obtained by the culture-dependent method, its application makes it possible to assess the bioactive properties of feed and feed additives and their impact on the microbiota involved in digestive processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Gut Microbiota of Farmed Aquatic Animals: Current Strategies and Perspectives in Environment and Dietary Modulation for Enhanced Health and Resilience in Aquaculture)
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11 pages, 3286 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Intestinal Structure and Intestinal Microbiome between Two Geographically Isolated Populations of Culter alburnus
by Jun Wang, Bowen Xu, Zhiyi Zhang, Lu Zhou, Guoqi Zhang, Youliang Zhang and Chenghui Wang
Animals 2022, 12(3), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030342 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2145
Abstract
Geographical populations of Culter alburnus inhabiting different regions of China present substantial differences in their reproduction and development characters. This study compared the intestinal structures, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal microbiomes in the Xingkai (XK) Lake and the Dianshan (DS) Lake populations of [...] Read more.
Geographical populations of Culter alburnus inhabiting different regions of China present substantial differences in their reproduction and development characters. This study compared the intestinal structures, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal microbiomes in the Xingkai (XK) Lake and the Dianshan (DS) Lake populations of C. alburnus collected in two isolated and contrasting river systems. We wanted to discover whether the intestinal structure and functional divergence were formed in the two populations due to adaptive evolution caused by geographical isolation. Our study indicated that higher intestinal villi, thicker intestinal mucosa layer and intestinal muscle layer, and significantly higher activity of α-amylase were identified in the XK population. Moreover, quite different intestinal microbiomes were presented in the two populations, with the higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the XK population. The significantly different intestinal microbiome in the XK population was functionally enriched in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Our findings indicated that substantial adaptative divergence in the intestinal structures and intestine microbiomes was formed in the two populations due to long-term geographical isolation, which may have strongly affected the digestion and absorption ability of the XK population compared with the DS population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Gut Microbiota of Farmed Aquatic Animals: Current Strategies and Perspectives in Environment and Dietary Modulation for Enhanced Health and Resilience in Aquaculture)
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Review

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13 pages, 322 KiB  
Review
The Effect of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics on Metabolism in Fish and Shrimp
by Einar Ringø, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Mehdi Soltani and Koushik Ghosh
Animals 2022, 12(21), 3016; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213016 - 3 Nov 2022
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 4902
Abstract
The present paper presents an overview of the effects of gut microbiota and probiotics on lipid-, carbohydrate-, protein- and amino acid metabolism in fish and shrimp. In probiotic fish studies, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model is the most frequently used, and [...] Read more.
The present paper presents an overview of the effects of gut microbiota and probiotics on lipid-, carbohydrate-, protein- and amino acid metabolism in fish and shrimp. In probiotic fish studies, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model is the most frequently used, and probiotic administration reveals the effect on glucose homeostasis, anti-lipidemic effects and increasing short-chain fatty acids, and increased expressions of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and innate immunity, along with down-regulation of oxidative stress-related genes. Further, improved length of the intestinal villi and expression of nutrient transporters in fish owing to probiotics exposure have been documented. The present review will present an appraisal of the effect of intestinal microbiota and probiotic administration on the metabolism of nutrients and metabolites related to stress and immunity in diverse fish- and shrimp species. Furthermore, to give the reader satisfactory information on the topics discussed, some information from endothermic animals is also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Gut Microbiota of Farmed Aquatic Animals: Current Strategies and Perspectives in Environment and Dietary Modulation for Enhanced Health and Resilience in Aquaculture)
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