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Pathogens in Complex Eco-Systems Characterized by the Interaction between Wildlife,...
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Pathogens in Complex Eco-Systems Characterized by the Interaction between Wildlife, Livestock, Human, Vectors and Environment

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Wildlife".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 19220

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sergio Migliore

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
Interests: One Health; microbiology; mycoplasma; bacteria; public health; animal health; environment; wildlife
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paola Galluzzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
Interests: molecular zoonosis (mainly through real-time PCR, PCR and sequencing) and serological diagnosis (mainly through ELISA, IFAT, SAR); experience in isolation of both pathogenic bacteria and lactic bacteria
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Guido Ruggero Loria

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
Interests: One Health; microbiology; mycoplasma; bacteria; public health; animal health; environment; wildlife
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Diseases increasingly emerge into animal and human populations as a consequence of the complex processes of interactions, often unseen, between wildlife, livestock, human, vectors and the environment. In many countries of the world, urbanization causes dramatic changes in natural landscapes, favoring the adaptation of some wild animals to urban, peri-urban and rural habitats thanks to greater availability of the food supply. Unfortunately, some of these highly adaptable species are also hosts for a great number of pathogens of public health and veterinary importance. In this regard, it is important to understand the dynamics between wildlife, domestic animal species, humans and arthropod vectors sharing the same environmental areas to conduct more focused research on the transmission of pathogens. The aim of this Special Issue is to publish original research papers or reviews concerning the emergence, spread and maintenance of pathogens in complex eco-systems characterized by interactions between wildlife, livestock, human, vectors and the environment.

We invite you to share your recent findings through this Special Issue.

Sincerely,

Dr. Sergio Migliore
Dr. Paola Galluzzo
Dr. Guido Ruggero Loria
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pathogens
  • environment
  • wildlife
  • vector
  • livestock
  • human
  • parasite
  • virus
  • bacteria
  • One Health
  • eco-systems
  • interaction

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1039 KiB  
Communication
Prevalence of Eucoleus garfiai in Wild Boars Hunted at Different Altitudes in the Campania and Latium Regions (Italy)
by Karen Power, Manuela Martano, Nadia Piscopo, Paolo Viola, Gennaro Altamura, Vincenzo Veneziano, Ana Carvajal Urueña and Luigi Esposito
Animals 2023, 13(4), 706; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040706 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
Recent reports of Eucoleus garfiai in wild boars in southern Italy have highlighted the need for collecting epidemiological data on the presence of this parasite and understanding the role of possible interactions between wild boars, E. garfiai, and the environment. This study [...] Read more.
Recent reports of Eucoleus garfiai in wild boars in southern Italy have highlighted the need for collecting epidemiological data on the presence of this parasite and understanding the role of possible interactions between wild boars, E. garfiai, and the environment. This study analyses, using histopathological and biomolecular techniques, the presence of E. garfiai in tongue samples of wild boars hunted in four provinces of the Campania and Latium regions (Italy), in areas located above and below 900 m above sea level (asl). Histopathological examinations revealed the presence of adults and eggs of nematodes, which were subsequently identified as E. garfiai by biomolecular analysis, in the tongue epithelium. The detection of the parasite was more frequent in samples collected from hunting areas located above 900 m asl than in those collected from areas located below 900 m asl (66.67% vs. 38.09%; p < 0.01). Some species of earthworms are intermediate hosts of E. garfiai and it is well known that earthworms are more present in high quality soils. Therefore, we can suggest that the higher prevalence of E. garfiai at higher altitudes is probably linked to a greater presence of earthworms in the soil, due to its higher quality in these areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogens in Complex Eco-Systems Characterized by the Interaction between Wildlife, Livestock, Human, Vectors and Environment)
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10 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
Leptospira in Slaughtered Fattening Pigs in Southern Italy: Serological Survey and Molecular Typing
by Giusi Macaluso, Alessandra Torina, Valeria Blanda, Annalisa Guercio, Antonio Lastra, Ilenia Giacchino, Rosalia D’Agostino, Carmela Sciacca, Mario D’Incau, Cristina Bertasio and Francesca Grippi
Animals 2022, 12(5), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050585 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2512
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis of worldwide significance; a wide spectrum of wild and domestic animal species act as natural or accidental hosts. Swine can act as maintenance or accidental hosts of pathogenic Leptospira spp. This study aimed at investigation of Leptospira spp. [...] Read more.
Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis of worldwide significance; a wide spectrum of wild and domestic animal species act as natural or accidental hosts. Swine can act as maintenance or accidental hosts of pathogenic Leptospira spp. This study aimed at investigation of Leptospira spp. prevalence and diversity in slaughtered pigs in southern Italy (Sicily). In total, 55 samples of kidneys and blood were collected. Microscopic agglutination test and real-time PCR were performed to detect pathogenic and intermediately pathogenic Leptospira. Partial rpoB gene sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were performed to characterize Leptospira species. The analysis showed a seropositivity rate of 16.4%, with Australis representing the most frequently identified serogroup (63.64%); Pomona and Sejroe were detected with a prevalence of 27.27% and 9.09%, respectively. Pathogenic Leptospiral DNA was detected in 2 kidney samples (3.64%). Leptospira were identified through MLST as L. borgpetersenii serovar Tarassovi (serogroup Tarassovi). Obtained data confirmed the presence of Leptospira infection among pigs in southern Italy, suggesting that management of these animals may be considered an occupational risk for humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogens in Complex Eco-Systems Characterized by the Interaction between Wildlife, Livestock, Human, Vectors and Environment)
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Review

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36 pages, 2239 KiB  
Review
Nipah Virus Disease: Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic and Legislative Aspects of This Unpredictable Emerging Zoonosis
by Luigi Bruno, Maria Anna Nappo, Luca Ferrari, Rosanna Di Lecce, Chiara Guarnieri, Anna Maria Cantoni and Attilio Corradi
Animals 2023, 13(1), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010159 - 31 Dec 2022
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 13832
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a viral disease caused by a Henipavirus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, responsible for a zoonosis. The course of the disease can be very serious and lead to death. NiV natural hosts are fruit bats (also known as [...] Read more.
Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a viral disease caused by a Henipavirus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, responsible for a zoonosis. The course of the disease can be very serious and lead to death. NiV natural hosts are fruit bats (also known as megabats) belonging to the Pteropodidae family, especially those of the Pteropus genus. Natural infection in domestic animals has been described in farming pigs, horses, domestic and feral dogs and cats. Natural NiV transmission is possible intra-species (pig-to-pig, human-to-human) and inter-species (flying bat-to-human, pig-to-human, horse-to-human). The infection can be spread by humans or animals in different ways. It is peculiar how the viral transmission modes among different hosts also change depending on the geographical area for different reasons, including different breeding methods, eating habits and the recently identified genetic traits/molecular features of main virus proteins related to virulence. Outbreaks have been described in Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines with, in some cases, severe respiratory and neurological disease and high mortality in both humans and pigs. Diagnosis can be made using different methods including serological, molecular, virological and immunohistochemical methods. The cornerstones for control of the disease are biosecurity (via the correct management of reservoir and intermediate/amplifying hosts) and potential vaccines which are still under development. However, the evaluation of the potential influence of climate and anthropogenic changes on the NiV reservoir bats and their habitat as well as on disease spread and inter-specific infections is of great importance. Bats, as natural reservoirs of the virus, are responsible for the viral spread and, therefore, for the outbreaks of the disease in humans and animals. Due to the worldwide distribution of bats, potential new reports and spillovers are not to be dismissed in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogens in Complex Eco-Systems Characterized by the Interaction between Wildlife, Livestock, Human, Vectors and Environment)
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