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Animals
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Xenobiotics in Animals
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Xenobiotics in Animals

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal System and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 12793

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elena Baralla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Interests: toxicology; animal matrices; antioxidants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Valeria Pasciu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Interests: veterinary medicine; oxidative stress; erythrocytes; animal nutrition; animal matrices; physiology; antioxidant; reactive oxygen species
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Xenobiotics are defined as compounds that are not naturally present in an organism but, for different reasons, can be found in it. With the development of society, xenobiotics presence has increased worldwide, creating potential risk to human and animal health. Xenobiotics include drugs, feed additives, industrial and agricultural chemicals, environmental contaminants, as well as other exogenous substances.

Xenobiotics can penetrate animal organisms; sometimes, they are harmless, other times they can alter physiological mechanisms in animals, depending on their nature and dosage. Moreover, xenobiotics can pass into milk or eggs or can accumulate in animal tissues and organs, which constitutes a risk also for human health.

Some xenobiotics are emerging contaminants whose safety profile is often unknown. For this reason, it is of great importance to identify them in animal matrices and to evaluate their effects on endogenous physiological parameters. This Special Issue aims to bring together high-quality research and review articles as well as short communications. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following: analysis methods for xenobiotics determination in animal tissues and organs, validation of analytical methods in different matrices, toxicology of xenobiotics, case reports, evaluation of physiological changes induced by xenobiotics, pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics, residues analysis. Studies based on in vitro techniques will also be accepted according to the principle of Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement (3R) of animals in scientific research.

Dr. Elena Baralla
Dr. Valeria Pasciu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • xenobiotics
  • animal matrices
  • emerging contaminants
  • endogenous parameters
  • physiology
  • toxicology

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 2725 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Indirect Biomarkers of Effect after Exposure to Low Doses of Bisphenol A in a Study of Successive Generations of Mice
by Francisca Bujalance-Reyes, Ana M. Molina-López, Nahúm Ayala-Soldado, Antonio Lora-Benitez, Rafael Mora-Medina and Rosario Moyano-Salvago
Animals 2022, 12(3), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030300 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3081
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered as being an emerging pollutant, to which both animal and human populations are continuously and inadvertently exposed. The identification of indirect biomarkers of effect could be a key factor in determining early adverse outcomes from exposure to low [...] Read more.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered as being an emerging pollutant, to which both animal and human populations are continuously and inadvertently exposed. The identification of indirect biomarkers of effect could be a key factor in determining early adverse outcomes from exposure to low doses of BPA. Thus, this study on mice aims to evaluate and identify indirect biomarkers of effect through the analysis of their blood biochemistry, and of certain reproduction parameters after exposure to different BPA concentrations (0.5, 2, 4, 50, and 100 µg/kg BW/day) in drinking water over generations. Our results showed that there were no modifications in the reproductive parameters evaluated, like estrous cycle duration, litter size, or the percentage of the young alive at reaching the weaning stage, at the exposure levels evaluated. However, there were modifications in the biochemical parameters, e.g., alterations in the glucose levels, that increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the breeders at the higher exposure doses (50 and 100 µg/kg BW/day in F1; 50 µg/kg BW/day in F2 and 100 µg/kg BW/day in F3), that would suggest that the BPA could induce hyperglycemia and its complications in adult animals, probably due to some damage in the pancreas cells; albumin, that increased in the breeders exposed to the highest dose in F1 and F3, inferring possible hepatic alterations. Further, total proteins showed a diminution in their values in F1 and F2, except the group exposed to 100 µg/kg BW/day, whereas in F3 the values of this parameter increased with respect to the control group, this aspect likely being related to a possible hepatic and renal alteration. Based on these results, glucose, albumin, and total proteins could initially be considered as early indicators of indirect effect after prolonged exposure to low BPA doses over generations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Xenobiotics in Animals)
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12 pages, 2118 KiB  
Article
Effect of Media with Different Glycerol Concentrations on Sheep Red Blood Cells’ Viability In Vitro
by Valeria Pasciu, Francesca D. Sotgiu, Cristian Porcu and Fiammetta Berlinguer
Animals 2021, 11(6), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061592 - 28 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3781
Abstract
The use of high doses of glycerol as a livestock feed supplement is followed by a rapid increase in plasma concentrations and consequently in plasma osmolality. Moreover, glycerol is a highly diffusible molecule that can readily permeate the red blood cell (RBC) membrane [...] Read more.
The use of high doses of glycerol as a livestock feed supplement is followed by a rapid increase in plasma concentrations and consequently in plasma osmolality. Moreover, glycerol is a highly diffusible molecule that can readily permeate the red blood cell (RBC) membrane following a concentration gradient. A rise in glycerol plasma concentrations can thus alter RBC homeostasis. The present study aimed at investigating both glycerol osmotic effects on sheep RBCs and their oxidative response under in vitro conditions. Sheep blood samples were suspended in media supplemented with increasing glycerol concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 mg/dL), which reflected those found in vivo in previous studies, and incubated at 37 °C for 4h. Thereafter, osmolality and hemolysis were determined in spent media, while cell extracts were used to assay intracellular concentration of glycerol, ATP, Ca2+ ions, oxidative stress markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS).The study confirmed that glycerol intracellular concentrations are directly related with its concentration in the incubation media, as well as hemolysis (p < 0.001) which increased significantly at glycerol concentrations higher form 200 mg/dL. ROS intracellular level increased at all glycerol concentration tested (p < 0.01) and total thiols decreased at the highest concentrations. However, RBCs proved to be able to cope by activating their antioxidant defense system. Superoxide dismutase activity indeed increased at the highest glycerol concentrations (p < 0.001), while total antioxidant capacity and malonyldialdehyde, a typical product of lipid peroxidation by ROS, did not show significant changes. Moreover, no alterations in intracellular Ca2+ ions and ATP concentrations were found. In conclusion, glycerol-induced hemolysis can be related to the induced osmotic stress. In sheep, nutritional treatments should be designed to avoid reaching glycerol circulating concentrations higher than 200 mg/dL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Xenobiotics in Animals)
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Review

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17 pages, 1978 KiB  
Review
An Overview of Antibiotics as Emerging Contaminants: Occurrence in Bivalves as Biomonitoring Organisms
by Elena Baralla, Maria P. Demontis, Filomena Dessì and Maria V. Varoni
Animals 2021, 11(11), 3239; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113239 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 3554
Abstract
Antibiotics are used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in both human and veterinary medicine and as growth promoting agents in farms and aquaculture. They can accumulate in environmental matrices and in the food chain, causing adverse effects in humans and animals including the [...] Read more.
Antibiotics are used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in both human and veterinary medicine and as growth promoting agents in farms and aquaculture. They can accumulate in environmental matrices and in the food chain, causing adverse effects in humans and animals including the development of antibiotic resistance. This review aims to update and discuss the available data on antibiotic residues, using bivalves as biomonitoring organisms. The current research indicates that antibiotics’ presence in bivalves has been investigated along European, American and Asian coasts, with the majority of studies reported for the last. Several classes of antibiotics have been detected, with a higher frequency of detection reported for macrolides, sulfonamides and quinolones. The highest concentration was instead reported for tetracyclines in bivalves collected in the North Adriatic Sea. Only oxytetracycline levels detected in this latter site exceeded the maximum residual limit established by the competent authorities. Moreover, the risk that can be derived from bivalve consumption, calculated considering the highest concentrations of antibiotics residues reported in the analyzed studies, is actually negligible. Nevertheless, further supervisions are needed in order to preserve the environment from antibiotic pollution, prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance and reduce the health risk derived from seafood consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Xenobiotics in Animals)
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