Use of Cereal Byproducts in Animal Nutrition

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 16496

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
Interests: animal nutrition; by-product; glycerin; digestibility; pigs; ruminants

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Guest Editor
Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Interests: animal nutrition; glycerin; insect meal; welfare; biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Commercial processing of cereal grains for human consumption results in large quantities of byproducts and waste, which are often used as animal feed. Byproducts of the cereal-based processing industry consist mostly of the germ and outer layers (bran). They arise from dry or wet milling (to produce flour or glucose in the bread and starch industries, respectively). Cereal byproducts are also generated from the beer‐brewing process and other alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, in which brewers' spent grain is the major byproduct. Besides the food industry, cereals are used as the largest source for bioethanol production and other renewable biofuels such as biodiesel. Dried distillers grains with solubles and crude glycerin are the most important byproducts of the bioethanol and biodiesel industries, respectively. Obviously, the nature and nutritive value of all these byproducts (and others not mentioned above) as livestock feed resources are influenced by the particular cereal concerned and the specific conditions of its processing.

On the other hand, the agro-food sector faces serious problems such as resource scarcity and waste generation along the supply chain. In the particular case of livestock production, animal nutrition could be a serious constraint to its development if not accompanied by increased availability of raw materials. Along the same lines, the use of some byproducts of the agro-food industry and other industrial wastes is becoming increasingly important in providing greater flexibility in the formulation of livestock diets. Moreover, the reutilization and valorization of the cereal byproducts are a major challenge toward the sustainable development and circular economy of the agro-food sector, and livestock farming in particular.

Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on the topic of cereal-based byproduct valorization, and the use of byproducts as feed resources in livestock, not only from a production point of view but also from an environmental perspective, as the recycling and re‐use of industrial wastes and byproducts have become increasingly crucial. The aim is to publish current and relevant information related to the use of these cereal byproducts in diets for both ruminants and non-ruminants

Dr. Juan Orengo
Dr. Silvia Silvia Martinez
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Raw materials
  • cereal byproducts
  • cost-competitive feedstuff
  • nutritive value

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 656 KiB  
Article
Feeding Crude Glycerin to Finishing Iberian Crossbred Pigs: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Parameters
by Silvia Martínez-Miró, Josefa Madrid, Miguel José López, Juan Orengo, Cristian Jesús Sánchez and Fuensanta Hernández
Animals 2021, 11(8), 2181; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082181 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3207
Abstract
A total of 192 Iberian × Duroc pigs kept under intensive conditions were used to investigate the effects of feeding crude glycerin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters. Animals were blocked by initial body weight (96.0 ± 11.3 kg) and allotted [...] Read more.
A total of 192 Iberian × Duroc pigs kept under intensive conditions were used to investigate the effects of feeding crude glycerin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters. Animals were blocked by initial body weight (96.0 ± 11.3 kg) and allotted to pens (16 pigs per pen). Pens were assigned randomly to one of three dietary treatments (four pens per treatment). Dietary treatments contained 0, 5, or 10% of crude glycerin proportionally substituting for wheat (G0, G5, and G10, respectively). Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isoaminoacidic. No significant effect of crude glycerin was observed on average daily gain, average feed intake, or feed conversion ratio. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein was no different between treatments. Total serum protein, albumin, glucose, insulin, and IGF-1 were not affected by glycerin inclusion. In conclusion, crude glycerin up to 100 g/kg can be included in the diets of finishing Iberian crossbred pigs without any negative effect on growth performance, digestibility, or serum metabolic parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Use of Cereal Byproducts in Animal Nutrition)
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12 pages, 579 KiB  
Article
The Effect of the Dietary Inclusion of Crude Glycerin in Pre-Starter and Starter Diets for Piglets
by Juan Orengo, Josefa Madrid, Juan Luis Aragón, Silvia Martínez-Miró, Miguel J. López and Fuensanta Hernández
Animals 2021, 11(5), 1249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051249 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2341
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of crude glycerin in post-weaning diets for piglets on growth performance and digestibility. The study was carried out with a total of 360 piglets over a 39 day period. Animals [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of crude glycerin in post-weaning diets for piglets on growth performance and digestibility. The study was carried out with a total of 360 piglets over a 39 day period. Animals were blocked by body weight (7.7 ± 0.86 kg) and allotted randomly to one of three dietary treatments containing 0, 2.5 or 5% glycerin (G0, G2.5 and G5, respectively). Considering the whole period, glycerin did not affect the average daily gain. However, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to decrease or decreased linearly as the amount of glycerin increased, respectively (p = 0.060 and p = 0.039). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry and organic matter (DM, OM) increased linearly with increasing glycerin in both periods (p ≤ 0.05). At the end of the study, there were no differences between treatments for any of the hormones measured. In conclusion, the FCR and digestibility of DM and OM were improved although the ADFI tended to be lower when glycerin was included at 5%. Consequently, crude glycerin could be used as an alternative ingredient to partially replace sweet whey and wheat in post-weaning diets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Use of Cereal Byproducts in Animal Nutrition)
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18 pages, 275 KiB  
Article
Inclusion of Wheat Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles from Bioethanol Plants in Diets for Dairy Cows
by Philip C. Garnsworthy, Michael Marsden, Jennifer R. Goodman and Neil Saunders
Animals 2021, 11(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010070 - 2 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3004
Abstract
Dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) from bioethanol production can replace soya in diets for dairy cows, but the optimum inclusion level of European wheat DDGS (wDDGS) is unknown. Two batches of wDDGS from different UK bioethanol plants were fed to 44 (Experiment [...] Read more.
Dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) from bioethanol production can replace soya in diets for dairy cows, but the optimum inclusion level of European wheat DDGS (wDDGS) is unknown. Two batches of wDDGS from different UK bioethanol plants were fed to 44 (Experiment 1) and 40 (Experiment 2) cows in a Latin square design. Each wDDGS replaced soya and rapeseed at four inclusion levels (g/kg of diet dry matter (DM): 0, 80, 160 and 240—Experiment 1; 0, 75, 150 and 225—Experiment 2). Diets were balanced for metabolisable energy (ME) and protein (MP), and for minimum starch and saturated fat in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, DM intake (29 kg/day) and milk yield (42.3 kg/day) were unaffected by wDDGS inclusion up to 160 g/kg but were lower than control with 240 g/kg inclusion, which was attributed to the low proportion of solubles in this wDDGS batch. In Experiment 2, DM intake (22.4 kg/day) and milk yield (32.1 kg/day) were unaffected by wDDGS inclusion up to 225 g/kg. ME content of wDDGS, determined in vivo (MJ/kg DM) was 12.1 (Experiment 1) and 13.4 (Experiment 2). It is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of wDDGS is at least 225 g/kg DM in diets balanced for minimum starch and saturated fat as well as ME and MP supplies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Use of Cereal Byproducts in Animal Nutrition)

Review

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17 pages, 453 KiB  
Review
Metabolism, Ketosis Treatment and Milk Production after Using Glycerol in Dairy Cows: A Review
by Robert Kupczyński, Antoni Szumny, Katarzyna Wujcikowska and Natalia Pachura
Animals 2020, 10(8), 1379; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10081379 - 8 Aug 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6019
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review and systematize the current state of knowledge on glycol metabolism in cattle. Glycerol, derived from biodiesel production, must be purified in order to be a useful product for feeding livestock. The use of glycerol in [...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to review and systematize the current state of knowledge on glycol metabolism in cattle. Glycerol, derived from biodiesel production, must be purified in order to be a useful product for feeding livestock. The use of glycerol in the feeding of ruminants can be justified for several reasons: (i) it is a source of energy in the ration, (ii) it is a glucogenic precursor, and (iii) it may have an effect on milk composition. The high energy value of glycerol provides the opportunity to use this raw material as a partial grain substitute in cattle feed rations. Dietary supplementation of glycerol is associated with increased propionate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations in the rumen. Glycerol can be used at up to 10%–15% of the dietary dry matter (DM) and is well-established as a treatment for ketosis in cows. Glycerol increases plasma glucose and may reduce non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate levels. The use of glycerol does not have a clear effect on DM intake, milk yield, or milk composition. However, some authors have reported an increase in milk yield after glycerol supplementation associated with decreased milk fat concentration. It is also possible that the concentration in the milk of odd-chain fatty acids and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid may increase after glycerol application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Use of Cereal Byproducts in Animal Nutrition)
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