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Antibiotics
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Arcobacteraceae and Campylobacteraceae: Prevalence, Virulence and Antibiotics Resistance
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Arcobacteraceae and Campylobacteraceae: Prevalence, Virulence and Antibiotics Resistance

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 13953

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Susana Ferreira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; virulence; foodborne pathogens; new antimicrobials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mónica Oleastro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: foodborne pathogen; molecular epidemiology; AMR; virulence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Arcobacteraceae and Campylobacteraceae families can be found in distinct environments and hosts, ranging from water to the digestive tract of animals and humans. Among these, some species are recognized as human pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, known as one of the most prevalent bacterial foodborne pathogens, or Aliarcobacter butzleri, also associated with self-limiting intestinal disease. However, other species are widely distributed in the animal–human–environment interface, with some presenting pathogenic potential in mammalian and non-mammalian hosts or even colonization ability. These bacteria also produce several virulence factors that may be associated with different disease outcomes, or even associated with an increase in resistance. In fact, epidemiological studies, reports on antibiotic resistance, or of the mechanisms behind this resistance are essential. To this end, the surveillance and understanding of Arcobactereaceae and Campylobactereacea distribution, pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance is critical to develop new strategies that can contribute to control the bacteria more efficiently and comprehend their role in the environment and hosts.

Therefore, we invite authors to submit original research articles, reviews, clinical studies and case reports, communications, and short notes on these species.

Dr. Susana Ferreira
Dr. Mónica Oleastro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Arcobacteraceae
  • Campylobacteraceae
  • distribution
  • antibiotic resistance
  • resistance mechanisms

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2458 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Bile Salts on the Survival and Modulation of Virulence of Aliarcobacter butzleri
by Cristiana Mateus, Cláudio J. Maia, Fernanda Domingues, Roland Bücker, Mónica Oleastro and Susana Ferreira
Antibiotics 2023, 12(9), 1387; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12091387 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1519
Abstract
Aliarcobacter butzleri is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with infections of the gastrointestinal tract and widely distributed in various environments. For successful infection, A. butzleri should be able to tolerate various stresses during gastrointestinal passage, such as bile. Bile represents an antimicrobial host barrier [...] Read more.
Aliarcobacter butzleri is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with infections of the gastrointestinal tract and widely distributed in various environments. For successful infection, A. butzleri should be able to tolerate various stresses during gastrointestinal passage, such as bile. Bile represents an antimicrobial host barrier that acts against external noxious agents and consists of a variety of bile salts. The intestinal bile salts act as detergents involved in the antimicrobial host defense; although, on the bacterial side, they could also serve as a signal to activate virulence mechanisms. The aim of this work was to understand the effects of bile salts on the survival and virulence of A. butzleri. In our study, A. butzleri was able to survive in the presence of human physiological concentrations of bile salts. Regarding the virulence features, an increase in cellular hydrophobicity, a decrease in motility and expression of flaA gene, as well as an increase in biofilm formation with a concomitant change in the type of biofilm structure were observed in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentration of bile salts. Concerning adhesion and invasion ability, no significant difference was observed. Overall, the results demonstrated that A. butzleri is able to survive in physiological concentrations of bile salts and that exposure to bile salts could change its virulence mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arcobacteraceae and Campylobacteraceae: Prevalence, Virulence and Antibiotics Resistance)
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13 pages, 4309 KiB  
Article
Widespread Multidrug Resistance of Arcobacter butzleri Isolated from Clinical and Food Sources in Central Italy
by Claudia Gabucci, Giulia Baldelli, Giulia Amagliani, Giuditta Fiorella Schiavano, David Savelli, Ilaria Russo, Stefania Di Lullo, Giuliana Blasi, Maira Napoleoni, Francesca Leoni, Sara Primavilla, Francesca Romana Massacci, Giuliano Garofolo and Annalisa Petruzzelli
Antibiotics 2023, 12(8), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081292 - 5 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1757
Abstract
The Arcobacter genus comprises a group of bacteria widely distributed in different habitats that can be spread throughout the food chain. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides represent the most common antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of Arcobacter infections. However, the increasing trend of the [...] Read more.
The Arcobacter genus comprises a group of bacteria widely distributed in different habitats that can be spread throughout the food chain. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides represent the most common antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of Arcobacter infections. However, the increasing trend of the antimicrobial resistance of this pathogen leads to treatment failures. Moreover, the test implementation and interpretation are hindered by the lack of reference protocols and standard interpretive criteria. The purpose of our study was to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern of 17 A. butzleri strains isolated in Central Italy from fresh vegetables, sushi, chicken breast, and clinical human samples to provide new and updated information about the antimicrobial resistance epidemiology of this species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)’s disc diffusion method. All the strains were multidrug resistant, with 100% resistance to tetracyclines and cefotaxime (third generation cephalosporins). Some differences were noticed among the strains, according to the isolation source (clinical isolates, food of animal origin, or fresh vegetables), with a higher sensitivity to streptomycin detected only in the strains isolated from fresh vegetables. Our data, together with other epidemiological information at the national or European Union (EU) level, may contribute to developing homogeneous breakpoints. However, the high prevalence of resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial classes makes this microorganism a threat to human health and suggests that its monitoring should be considered by authorities designated for food safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arcobacteraceae and Campylobacteraceae: Prevalence, Virulence and Antibiotics Resistance)
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16 pages, 800 KiB  
Article
Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Campylobacterales Isolated from Chilean Poultry Meat
by Macarena Concha-Toloza, Mónica Lopez-Cantillo, Jose Arturo Molina-Mora and Luis Collado
Antibiotics 2023, 12(5), 917; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050917 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2414
Abstract
Due to the lack of knowledge about Campylobacterales in the Chilean poultry industry, the objective of this research was to know the prevalence, resistance, and genotypes of Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter in 382 samples of chicken meat purchased in Valdivia, Chile. The [...] Read more.
Due to the lack of knowledge about Campylobacterales in the Chilean poultry industry, the objective of this research was to know the prevalence, resistance, and genotypes of Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter in 382 samples of chicken meat purchased in Valdivia, Chile. The samples were analyzed using three isolation protocols. Resistance to four antibiotics was evaluated by phenotypic methods. Genomic analyses were performed on selected resistant strains to detect resistance determinants and their genotypes. A total of 59.2% of the samples were positive. Arcobacter butzleri (37.4%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Campylobacter jejuni (19.6%), C. coli (11.3%), A. cryaerophilus (3.7%) and A. skirrowii (1.3%). Helicobacter pullorum (14%) was detected by PCR in a subset of samples. Campylobacter jejuni was resistant to ciprofloxacin (37.3%) and tetracycline (20%), while C. coli and A. butzleri were resistant to ciprofloxacin (55.8% and 2.8%), erythromycin (16.3% and 0.7%) and tetracycline (4.7% and 2.8%), respectively. Molecular determinants were consistent with phenotypic resistance. The genotypes of C. jejuni (CC-21, CC-48, CC-49, CC-257, CC-353, CC-443, CC-446 and CC-658) and C. coli (CC-828) coincided with genotypes of Chilean clinical strains. These findings suggest that besides C. jejuni and C. coli, chicken meat could play a role in the transmission of other pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant Campylobacterales. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arcobacteraceae and Campylobacteraceae: Prevalence, Virulence and Antibiotics Resistance)
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14 pages, 897 KiB  
Article
Persistence of Campylobacter spp. in Poultry Flocks after Disinfection, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Recovered Isolates
by Manel Gharbi, Awatef Béjaoui, Safa Hamrouni, Amel Arfaoui and Abderrazak Maaroufi
Antibiotics 2023, 12(5), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050890 - 10 May 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2228
Abstract
To investigate the persistence risk of Campylobacter spp. in poultry farms, and to study the virulence and antimicrobial resistance characteristics in the recovered strains, we collected 362 samples from breeding hen flocks, before and after disinfection. The virulence factors were investigated by targeting [...] Read more.
To investigate the persistence risk of Campylobacter spp. in poultry farms, and to study the virulence and antimicrobial resistance characteristics in the recovered strains, we collected 362 samples from breeding hen flocks, before and after disinfection. The virulence factors were investigated by targeting the genes; flaA, cadF, racR, virB11, pldA, dnaJ, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, ciaB, wlaN, cgtB, and ceuE by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested and genes encoding antibiotic resistance were investigated by PCR and MAMA-PCR. Among the analyzed samples, 167 (46.13%) were positive for Campylobacter. They were detected in 38.7% (38/98) and 3% (3/98) of environment samples before and after disinfection, respectively, and in 126 (75.9%) out of 166 feces samples. In total, 78 C. jejuni and 89 C. coli isolates were identified and further studied. All isolates were resistant to macrolids, tetracycline, quinolones, and chloramphenicol. However, lower rates were observed for beta-lactams [ampicillin (62.87%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (47.3%)] and gentamicin (0.6%). The tet(O) and the cmeB genes were detected in 90% of resistant isolates. The blaOXA-61 gene and the specific mutations in the 23S rRNA were detected in 87% and 73.5% of isolates, respectively. The A2075G and the Thr-86-Ile mutations were detected in 85% and 73.5% of macrolide and quinolone-resistant isolates, respectively. All isolates carried the flaA, cadF, CiaB, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes. The virB11, pldA, and racR genes were frequent in both C. jejuni (89%, 89%, and 90%, respectively) and C. coli (89%, 84%, and 90%). Our findings highlight the high occurrence of Campylobacter strains exhibiting antimicrobial resistance with potential virulence traits in the avian environment. Thus, the improvement of biosecurity measures in poultry farms is essential to control bacterial infection persistence and to prevent the spread of virulent and resistant strains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arcobacteraceae and Campylobacteraceae: Prevalence, Virulence and Antibiotics Resistance)
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13 pages, 1339 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Human and Poultry Samples in Georgia (Caucasus)
by Maia Metreveli, Salome Bulia, Liana Tevzadze, Shota Tsanava, Michael Zarske, Juan Cruz Goenaga, Sandra Preuß, Giorgi Lomidze, Stylianos Koulouris, Paata Imnadze and Kerstin Stingl
Antibiotics 2022, 11(10), 1419; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101419 - 17 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2237
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance remains a public health concern globally. This study presents antimicrobial resistance by microdilution and genetic diversity by the whole-genome sequencing of Campylobacter spp. from human and poultry samples isolated in Georgia in 2020/2021. The major species in poultry samples was C. [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance remains a public health concern globally. This study presents antimicrobial resistance by microdilution and genetic diversity by the whole-genome sequencing of Campylobacter spp. from human and poultry samples isolated in Georgia in 2020/2021. The major species in poultry samples was C. coli, while C. jejuni was preferentially isolated from human samples. Resistance against tetracycline was highest (100%) in C. coli from industrial chicken and lowest in C. jejuni from clinical isolates (36%), while resistance against ciprofloxacin varied from 80% in C. jejuni from backyard chicken to 100% in C. jejuni and C. coli from industrial chicken. The point mutations in gyrA (T86I) and tet (O) genes were detected as resistance determinants for (fluoro-)quinolone or tetracycline resistance, respectively. Ertapenem resistance is still enigmatic. All isolates displayed sensitivity towards erythromycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Multi-resistance was more frequently observed in C. coli than in C. jejuni, irrespective of the isolation matrix, and in chicken isolates compared to human isolates, independent of the Campylobacter species. The Georgian strains showed high variability of multi-locus sequence types (ST), including novel STs. This study provides the first antibiotic resistance data from Campylobacter spp. in Georgia and addresses the need for follow-up monitoring programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arcobacteraceae and Campylobacteraceae: Prevalence, Virulence and Antibiotics Resistance)
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13 pages, 317 KiB  
Article
Virulence Profiling, Multidrug Resistance and Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter Strains from Chicken Carcasses in Tunisia
by Awatef Béjaoui, Manel Gharbi, Sarra Bitri, Dorsaf Nasraoui, Wassim Ben Aziza, Kais Ghedira, Maryem Rfaik, Linda Marzougui, Abdeljelil Ghram and Abderrazek Maaroufi
Antibiotics 2022, 11(7), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070830 - 21 Jun 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2701
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens is an emergent global health concern. The objectives of this study were to assess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter isolates from chicken carcasses and to investigate the AMR molecular mechanisms as well as the presence of virulence determinants. [...] Read more.
Antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens is an emergent global health concern. The objectives of this study were to assess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter isolates from chicken carcasses and to investigate the AMR molecular mechanisms as well as the presence of virulence determinants. The study was performed on 257 samples collected from abattoirs and retail shops in northeastern Tunisia. Forty-eight Campylobacter isolates were recovered and identified as C. jejuni (n = 33) and C. coli (n = 15). Antibiotic resistance was tested against eight antibiotics and high resistance rates were observed against tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (97.9%), ciprofloxacin (73%), nalidixic acid (85.4%), ampicillin (83.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (22.9%), chloramphenicol (75%), and gentamicin (27.1%). All isolates were multidrug-resistant, and 22 resistance patterns were found. All isolates were screened for AMR genes (tet(O), tet(A), tet(B), tet(L), cmeB, ermB, blaOXA-61, and aphA-3), and for point mutations in gyrA (C257T substitution) and 23SrRNA (A2075G/A2074C) genes. All screened AMR genes, as well as the C257T and the A2075G mutations, were detected. The virulence genotypes were also determined, and all isolates carried the motility (flaA) and invasion (cadF) genes. Most of them also harbored the cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes, encoding the Campylobacter toxin. The screening of the cgtB and the wlaN genes, involved in Guillain-Barré Syndrome expression, revealed the presence of the cgtB in 21.2% of C. jejuni strains, whereas none of them carried the wlaN gene. Our findings highlight the emergence of Campylobacter strains simultaneously harboring several virulence and AMR determinants, which emphasizes the risk of transmission of MDR strains to humans via the food chain. Hence, controlling the dissemination of foodborne pathogens “from the farm to the fork” as well as restricting the use of antimicrobials in husbandry are mandatory to prevent the risk for consumers and to mitigate the dissemination of MDR pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arcobacteraceae and Campylobacteraceae: Prevalence, Virulence and Antibiotics Resistance)
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