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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment of MRSA Infection
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Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment of MRSA Infection

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2021) | Viewed by 30652

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jae-Seok Kim

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Guest Editor
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Interests: Staphylococcus aureus infection; antibiotic resistance; novel target against Staphylococcus aureus; molecular epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen associated with hospital-acquired infections, as well as an emerging cause of community-acquired infections. It can cause a wide spectrum of infections, including simple soft skin infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, and severe pneumonia. The selective pressure exerted by the appropriate and/or inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat S. aureus infections results in diverse resistance genes that lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, S. aureus capacity to form biofilms, such as on indwelling medical device surfaces, contributes to antimicrobial resistance and makes treatment more challenging.

Novel therapeutic approaches are therefore urgently required to treat methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. For instance, detection of S. aureus stringent stress response inhibitors or additional factors that can make MRSA sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics. This Special Issue thus aims to provide various strategies to treat MRSA infections. Moreover, studies aiming at elucidating the molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance, target identification, and drug development are also welcome. The overall aim is to bring together the most up-to-date perspectives and research in the areas of:

  1. Development of novel drugs, vaccines, and preventive strategies against MRSA infection;
  2. Adjuvant to antibiotics/combination therapy;
  3. Molecular determinant of antimicrobial resistance;
  4. Bacterial targets of antibiotics against MRSA;
  5. Successes and challenges for MRSA infection control;
  6. Inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation;
  7. Alternative therapy of antibiotic resistance.

Dr. Jae-Seok Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • mecA
  • penicillin-binding protein (PBP)
  • β-lactamase
  • biofilm formation
  • drug discovery

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1773 KiB  
Article
New Quinone Antibiotics against Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus
by Javier Campanini-Salinas, Juan Andrades-Lagos, Nicolás Hinojosa, Fabián Moreno, Pedro Alarcón, Gerardo González-Rocha, Ian E. Burbulis and David Vásquez-Velásquez
Antibiotics 2021, 10(6), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060614 - 21 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3447
Abstract
There is an urgent need for the development of new antibiotics. Here, we describe the inhibitory activity of new quinone compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 43300), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (ATCC® 29213), and two clinical isolates from Chile (ISP-213 and [...] Read more.
There is an urgent need for the development of new antibiotics. Here, we describe the inhibitory activity of new quinone compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 43300), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (ATCC® 29213), and two clinical isolates from Chile (ISP-213 and ISP-214). We observed 99.9% reduction in viability within 2 h of exposure without the cultures exhibiting any post-antibiotic effect, which was twice the kinetics to that observed with vancomycin. These clinical isolates did not acquire resistance to these quinone derivatives during the course of our study. We found that these compounds protected larvae of the greater wax moth, sp. Galleria mellonella, from infection by these MRSA clinical strains as effectively as vancomycin. These quinone derivatives are potential drug candidates worth further development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment of MRSA Infection)
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12 pages, 7471 KiB  
Article
An Antisense yycF RNA Modulates Biofilm Organization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pathogenicity in a Rat Model of Osteomyelitis
by Shizhou Wu, Yunjie Liu, Lei Lei and Hui Zhang
Antibiotics 2021, 10(5), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050603 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2331
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of most common opportunistic pathogens and is attributed to several human infections. The increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a serious clinical threat for osteomyelitis crisis. The YycFG two-component system of S. aureus [...] Read more.
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of most common opportunistic pathogens and is attributed to several human infections. The increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a serious clinical threat for osteomyelitis crisis. The YycFG two-component system of S. aureus regulates genes associated with biofilm formation. To investigate the potential role of an antisense yycF RNA in the regulation of transcription levels of yycF and associated effects on biofilm formation and pathogenicity, antisense yycF (ASyycF) RNA was detected by RT-PCR and 5′ RACE assays. ASyycF overexpression mutants were constructed, and the biofilm biomass was determined by crystal violet microtiter assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were used to detect whether ASyycF overexpression inhibited the transcription and translation of biofilm-related genes. Then, a rat tibial infective model was used to evaluate the pathogenicity of ASyycF overexpression in vivo. ASyycF transcription led to reductions in YycF production and biofilm formation. Overexpression of ASyycF inhibited the transcription and translation of biofilm-related genes. The sensitivity to vancomycin was improved in ASyycF-overexpressing MRSA. Furthermore, ASyycF inhibited MRSA invasion in a rat tibial infection model. From this study, the expression of the YycF protein was found to be inversely correlated with different levels of ASyycF transcription. The biofilm biomass and pathogenicity decreased in the ASyycF-overexpressing mutant. Thus, the current evidence may support ASyycF as a supplementary strategy for managing S. aureus and MRSA infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment of MRSA Infection)
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12 pages, 3109 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effect of Combination Interventions for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Transmission Control in Nursing Homes: A Computation Modelling Evaluation with Heterogeneous Contact Mixing
by Arthur Tang, Kin On Kwok, Vivian Wan In Wei, Hong Chen, Samuel Yeung Shan Wong and Wilson Wai Sun Tam
Antibiotics 2021, 10(3), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030227 - 24 Feb 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2374
Abstract
The endemic threat of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursing homes poses a serious and escalating challenge to public health administration in infection control. Nursing homes are considered as major reservoirs for MRSA colonization, with considerable high levels of colonization prevalence. We employed [...] Read more.
The endemic threat of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursing homes poses a serious and escalating challenge to public health administration in infection control. Nursing homes are considered as major reservoirs for MRSA colonization, with considerable high levels of colonization prevalence. We employed a computation model to evaluate effects of three intervention scenarios on MRSA colonization prevalence rate in nursing homes. Simulations were conducted using a deterministic compartmental model featuring heterogeneous contact matrix between residents and health-care workers (HCWs). Contact parameters were derived from a nursing home survey. Three intervention scenarios were simulated: (1) hand-hygiene compliance by HCWs, (2) screening-and-isolation upon admission, and (3) implementing both interventions at the same time. For every 10% reduction in average contamination duration in HCWs, the estimated average reduction in prevalence rate was 1.29 percentage point compared with the prevalence rate before the intervention was implemented. Screening-and-isolation intervention resulted in an average reduction of 19.04 percentage point in prevalence rate (S.D. = 1.58; 95% CI = 18.90–19.18). In intervention scenario 3, synergistic effects were observed when implementing hand-hygiene compliance by HCWs and screening-and-isolation together. Our results provide evidence showing that implementing multiple interventions together has a synergistic effect on colonization prevalence reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment of MRSA Infection)
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Review

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29 pages, 3002 KiB  
Review
Bacterial Targets of Antibiotics in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
by Harshad Lade and Jae-Seok Kim
Antibiotics 2021, 10(4), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040398 - 7 Apr 2021
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 17590
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens and continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. MRSA is a commensal bacterium in humans and is transmitted in both community and healthcare settings. Successful treatment remains [...] Read more.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens and continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. MRSA is a commensal bacterium in humans and is transmitted in both community and healthcare settings. Successful treatment remains a challenge, and a search for new targets of antibiotics is required to ensure that MRSA infections can be effectively treated in the future. Most antibiotics in clinical use selectively target one or more biochemical processes essential for S. aureus viability, e.g., cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis (translation), DNA replication, RNA synthesis (transcription), or metabolic processes, such as folic acid synthesis. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanism of action of antibiotics from different classes and discuss insights into the well-established primary targets in S. aureus. Further, several components of bacterial cellular processes, such as teichoic acid, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the lipid II cycle, auxiliary factors of β-lactam resistance, two-component systems, and the accessory gene regulator quorum sensing system, are discussed as promising targets for novel antibiotics. A greater molecular understanding of the bacterial targets of antibiotics has the potential to reveal novel therapeutic strategies or identify agents against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment of MRSA Infection)
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Other

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12 pages, 1386 KiB  
Brief Report
Pilot Study on Alteration of LA-MRSA Status of Pigs during Fattening Period on Straw Bedding by Two Types of Cleaning
by Hannah Schollenbruch, Iris Kobusch, Iris Schröter, Alexander Mellmann, Robin Köck and Marc Boelhauve
Antibiotics 2021, 10(5), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050521 - 2 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2810
Abstract
In countries with professional pig husbandry in stables, the prevalence of livestock-associated (LA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on farms has remained high or has further increased in recent years. Simple measures to reduce LA-MRSA among pigs have not yet been successfully implemented. The [...] Read more.
In countries with professional pig husbandry in stables, the prevalence of livestock-associated (LA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on farms has remained high or has further increased in recent years. Simple measures to reduce LA-MRSA among pigs have not yet been successfully implemented. The aim of this pilot study is twofold: first, to examine how the LA-MRSA status of LA-MRSA positive fattening pigs at the date of housing changes over the fatting period on straw bedding and, second, whether this change could be influenced by the quality of cleaning and disinfection (C&D). For this purpose, 122 animals are individually tested for LA-MRSA carriage at five sequential time points comparing pigs housed on a farm using straw bedding plus C&D (n = 59) vs. straw bedding plus simple cleaning (n = 63). At the time of housing, all animals in both groups are LA-MRSA positive. This status changes to 0% in the group with simple cleaning until the end of fattening and 28% in the C&D group. LA-MRSA in environmental and air samples is also reduced over the fattening period. The results indicate that keeping pigs on straw might be one way to reduce LA-MRSA during the fattening period with simple cleaning appearing to be more beneficial than C&D. Further investigations are necessary to determine the influencing factors more precisely. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment of MRSA Infection)
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