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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infections in Animals
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Infections in Animals

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics in Animal Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 8108

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. John B. Kaneene

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, Room A109, East Lansing, MI, USA
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; epidemiology; food safety; one health; Tuberculosis; Brucellosis; Salmonella; Campylobacter

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) continues to be one of the major issues facing both animal and human health. The number of reports on more infections developing resistance to one or multiple antimicrobial agents increases every year.

This Special Issue invites articles on AMR in animals with the following emphases:

  1. Demonstration of infections that have recently developed resistance to current antimicrobial agents and factors leading to such resistance in animal populations.
  2. Exploration of new molecular and genetic mechanisms leading to AMR.
  3. Practical alternative therapies to use for antimicrobial agents in animal populations.
  4. Comparison of humane and societal concerns of using antimicrobial agents verses alternative therapies.

Prof. Dr. John B. Kaneene
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • mechanisms
  • humane and societal concerns
  • risk factors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 5527 KiB  
Article
Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus coagulans, and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Cultured from Clinical Canine Skin and Ear Samples in Queensland
by Sara Horsman, Julian Zaugg, Erika Meler, Deirdre Mikkelsen, Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães and Justine S. Gibson
Antibiotics 2025, 14(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14010080 - 13 Jan 2025
Viewed by 937
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Infections in dogs caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) present limited treatment options. This study’s objective was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus spp. cultured exclusively from clinical canine skin and ear samples in Queensland, Australia, using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: Forty-two [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Infections in dogs caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) present limited treatment options. This study’s objective was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus spp. cultured exclusively from clinical canine skin and ear samples in Queensland, Australia, using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: Forty-two Staphylococcus spp. isolated from clinical canine skin and ear samples, from an unknown number of dogs, were sourced from two veterinary diagnostic laboratories between January 2022 and May 2023. These isolates underwent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation– time of flight bacterial identification, minimum inhibitory concentration testing using SensititreTM plates and WGS. Phylogenetic trees and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) minimum spanning trees (MSTs) were constructed. Results: The isolates included methicillin-resistant and -sensitive S. pseudintermedius (MRSP: 57.1%, 24/42; and MSSP: 19.1%, 8/42), methicillin-resistant and -sensitive S. coagulans (MRSC: 14.3%, 6/42; and MSSC: 2.4%, 1/42) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS: 7.1%, 3/42). Thirty-nine isolates were included after WGS, where all MRS harboured the mecA gene. Eighteen sequence types (STs) were identified, including three novel MRSP and six novel MSSP STs. MRSP ST496-V-VII (23%; 9/39) and MRSP ST749-IV-(IVg) (12.8%; 5/39) were commonly isolated. Phylogenetic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that MRSP, MRSC and MSSC were similar to globally isolated staphylococci from canine skin and ear infections. Using cgMLST MSTs, MRSP isolates were not closely related to global strains. Conclusions: Our findings revealed a genotypically diverse geographical distribution and phylogenetic relatedness of staphylococci cultured from clinical canine skin and ear samples across Queensland. This highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance to aid in evidence-based treatment decisions and antimicrobial stewardship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance and Infections in Animals)
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12 pages, 3486 KiB  
Article
Chitosan-Based Semen Extenders: An Approach to Antibiotic-Free Artificial Insemination in Rabbit
by Francisco Marco-Jiménez, Celia Ferriz-Nuñez, Maria Pilar Viudes-de-Castro, José Salvador Vicente and Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
Antibiotics 2025, 14(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14010055 - 9 Jan 2025
Viewed by 462
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The use of antibiotics in livestock contributes to antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need for alternative solutions. Among these, chelating agents, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Chitosan, have shown potential in reducing bacterial contamination in seminal doses used in artificial insemination (AI), [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The use of antibiotics in livestock contributes to antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need for alternative solutions. Among these, chelating agents, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Chitosan, have shown potential in reducing bacterial contamination in seminal doses used in artificial insemination (AI), while preserving sperm quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of EDTA and Chitosan as alternatives to antibiotics for the liquid storage of rabbit seminal AI doses. Methods: EDTA (20 mM) and Chitosan (0.05%) were tested both individually and in combination, by adding them to the semen extender, and their effects were compared with extenders containing antibiotics or none. The extenders were evaluated for microbial resistance and their ability to maintain sperm quality in vitro during refrigeration at 16 ± 1 °C for 72 h. To assess antimicrobial efficacy, Enterococcus faecalis was used. Seminal doses stored for 24 h were used for insemination under commercial conditions, and fertility rate and total kits born were evaluated. Results: Adding 0.05% Chitosan to the extender resulted in sperm parameters and bacterial load comparable to those achieved with antibiotics during refrigerated storage, yielding similar fertility rate and total kits born outcomes 24 h post-storage. In contrast, the use EDTA alone or in combination with Chitosan was less effective at controlling Enterococcus faecalis than the antibiotic extenders, which also resulted in a reduction of sperm total motility over storage period (0–72 h) and negatively impacted fertility rate and total kits born. Conclusions: Chitosan’s protective effect on sperm function, combined with its antimicrobial activity, makes it a promising alternative antimicrobial agent for the liquid storage of rabbit seminal AI doses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance and Infections in Animals)
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14 pages, 2854 KiB  
Article
Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Poultry Sources in China
by Chu Wang, Xianwen Wang, Juyuan Hao, He Kong, Liyuan Zhao, Mingzhen Li, Ming Zou and Gang Liu
Antibiotics 2024, 13(10), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13100959 - 11 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6326
Abstract
Background: Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen, of which poultry products are important reservoirs. This study analyzed the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and characterization of Salmonella from broiler and laying hen sources in China. Methods: A total of 138 (12.27%) strains of Salmonella were [...] Read more.
Background: Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen, of which poultry products are important reservoirs. This study analyzed the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and characterization of Salmonella from broiler and laying hen sources in China. Methods: A total of 138 (12.27%) strains of Salmonella were isolated from 1125 samples from broiler slaughterhouses (20.66%, 44/213), broiler farms (18.21%, 55/302), and laying hen farms (6.39%, 39/610). Multiplex PCR was used to identify the serotypes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing to a set of 21 antibiotics was performed and all strains were screened by PCR for 24 selected antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). In addition, 24 strains of Salmonella were screened out by whole-genome sequencing together with 65 released Salmonella genomes to evaluate phylogenetic characteristics, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and plasmid carriage percentages. Results: A total of 11 different serotypes were identified, with the dominance of S. Enteritidis (43/138, 31.16%), S. Newport (30/138, 21.74%), and S. Indiana (19/138, 13.77%). The results showed that S. Enteritidis (34.34%, 34/99) and S. Newport (51.28%, 20/39) were the dominant serotypes of isolates from broilers and laying hens, respectively. The 138 isolates showed the highest resistance to sulfisoxazole (SXZ, 100%), nalidixic acid (NAL, 54.35%), tetracycline (TET, 47.83%), streptomycin (STR, 39.86%), ampicillin (AMP, 39.13%), and chloramphenicol (CHL, 30.43%), while all the strains were sensitive to both tigacycline (TIG) and colistin (COL). A total of 45.65% (63/138) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, and most of them (61/63, 96.83%) were from broiler sources. The results of PCR assays revealed that 63.77% of the isolates were carrying the quinolone resistance gene qnrD, followed by gyrB (58.70%) and the trimethoprim resistance gene dfrA12 (52.17%). Moreover, a total of thirty-four ARGs, eighty-nine virulence genes, and eight plasmid replicons were detected in the twenty-four screened Salmonella strains, among which S. Indiana was detected to carry the most ARGs and the fewest plasmid replicons and virulence genes compared to the other serotypes. Conclusions: This study revealed a high percentage of multidrug-resistant Salmonella from poultry sources, stressing the importance of continuous monitoring of Salmonella serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in the poultry chain, and emergency strategies should be implemented to address this problem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance and Infections in Animals)
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