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Antibiotics
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Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales: Development of New Antibiotics
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Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales: Development of New Antibiotics

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 7084

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paolo Gaibani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IRCCS Azienda-Ospedaliera, Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; genomic analysis; molecular epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbapanem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) represents a serious threat for public health and a challenge for clinicians. CRE are often resistant to multiple antimicrobials and antimicrobial options available against theese microrganisms are  limited. Recently, novel β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (βL-βLICs) have been developed for the treatment of DTR infections resulting from CRE pathogens. These novel molecules represent a promising tool to counteract CRE infections and limit diffusione of MDR microrganisms. This Special Issue is dedicated to research on novel antimicrobials againts CRE, including novel approaches to optimizing antimcirobial treatments, characterization of new traits of resistance and the epidemiology of susceptiblity patterns.

Dr. Paolo Gaibani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • novel β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations
  • cefiderocol
  • carbapanem-resistant enterobacteriaceae
  • difficult-to-treat (DTR) infection
  • multidrug-resistant microrganisms

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 738 KiB  
Communication
Comparison of Broth Microdilution, Disk Diffusion and Strip Test Methods for Cefiderocol Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing on KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
by Federica Bovo, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Simone Ambretti and Paolo Gaibani
Antibiotics 2023, 12(3), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030614 - 20 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2628
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the reference broth microdilution (BMD) method with the Disk Diffusion (DD) test and strip test against a collection of 75 well-characterized Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) clinical strains to assess cefiderocol (CFD) antimicrobial [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to compare the reference broth microdilution (BMD) method with the Disk Diffusion (DD) test and strip test against a collection of 75 well-characterized Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) clinical strains to assess cefiderocol (CFD) antimicrobial activity. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on KPC-Kp strains by Illumina iSeq100 platform. The Categorical Agreement (CA) between the BMD method and DD test was 92% (69/75) with a Major Error (ME) of 16.7% (6/36). Additionally, the CA between the BMD method and test strip was 90.7% (68/75) with a Very Major Error (VME) of 17.9% (7/39) and 82.7% (62/75) between the strip test and DD with a ME of 30.2%. KPC-Kp strains showing resistance to CFD were 27 out of 75 (36%) by three methods. Specifically, 51.9% (14/27) of KPC-Kp resistant to CFD harbored blaKPC-3, while 48.1% (13/27) harbored mutated blaKPC-3. Moreover, KPC-Kp strains carrying a mutated blaKPC-3 gene exhibited high MIC values (p value < 0.001) compared to wild-type blaKPC-3. In conclusion, the DD test resulted as a valid alternative to the BMD method to determine the in vitro susceptibility to CFD, while the strip test exhibited major limitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales: Development of New Antibiotics)
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14 pages, 312 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Carbapenemase and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Muhammad Muqaddas Mustafai, Mavra Hafeez, Safa Munawar, Sakeenabi Basha, Ali A. Rabaan, Muhammad A. Halwani, Abdulsalam Alawfi, Amer Alshengeti, Mustafa A. Najim, Sara Alwarthan, Meshal K. AlFonaisan, Souad A. Almuthree, Mohammed Garout and Naveed Ahmed
Antibiotics 2023, 12(1), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010148 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3944
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae have been classified as severely drug resistant bacteria by the World Health Organization due to their extensive production and dissemination of carbapenemases (CPs) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). The current study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence of CP- and [...] Read more.
Enterobacteriaceae have been classified as severely drug resistant bacteria by the World Health Organization due to their extensive production and dissemination of carbapenemases (CPs) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). The current study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence of CP- and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, as well as their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. For this, a hospital-based study was conducted which included 384 participants with bacterial infections. The collection and processing of specimens was conducted per standard microbiological protocol. The samples were inoculated on agar media plates to obtain the bacterial growths, and if they were positive for any bacterial growth, the antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method to check their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The double disc diffusion as well as carbapenem inhibition techniques were used to examine the CP enzymes. Multiplex real-time PCR technique was performed to identify three distinct genetic types of CPs that have been identified in the Enterobacteriaceae (KPC, NDM, and OXA-48). A majority of participants (58.3%) in the current study were living in urban areas. A total of 227 (59.1%) patients were hospitalized. Furthermore, 26.04% of the patients were determined to be suffering from infections with Enterobacteriaceae. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent (9.1%) isolate overall, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.07%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.1%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.3%), Proteus spp. (1.3%), and Morganella spp. (0.5%). The studied patients were suffering from urinary tract infections (48.6%), blood stream infections (32.2%), wounds infection (11.9%), and respiratory infections (7.03%), confirmed with bacterial cultures. The resistance against carbapenems was seen in 31.4% of E. coli isolates, 25.8% in K. pneumoniae, 50% in P. aeruginosa, 25% in A. baumannii, and 20% in E. cloacae isolates. Such high rates of CP- and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are alarming, suggesting high spread in the study area. It is advised to implement better infection prevention and control strategies and conduct further nationwide screening of the carriers of these pathogens. This might help in reducing the burden of highly resistant bugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales: Development of New Antibiotics)
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