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Antioxidants
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Redox Homeostasis in Poultry/Animal Production
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Redox Homeostasis in Poultry/Animal Production

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2025 | Viewed by 10670

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Peter F. Surai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Vitagene and Health Research Centre, 53 Dongola Road, Ayr KA7 3BN, UK
Interests: vitamin E; Se; carotenoids; carnitine; betaine; vitagenes; stress adaptaion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Commercial animal/poultry production is associated with a range of stresses, including environmental, technological, nutritional and internal stresses. In fact, it is practically impossible to prevent stresses and development of strategies to stress protection has become a hot topic in recent years. It was proven that at molecular level most stresses are associated with overproduction of free radicals, oxidative stress and redox imbalance. Furthermore, free radical bad image has been recently changed and redox signaling became an important topic of current research. It seems likely that stress adaptation is related to activation of various transcription factors, including Nrf2 and NF-κB, and vitagenes. In general, maintenance of the optimal redox status is key task for the integrated antioxidant defence network. In stress conditions of commercial animal/poultry production the antioxidant defence system needs external help provided by dietary supplementation of traditional antioxidants such as vitamin E, or other nutrients possesing regulatory functions in the antioxidant defences, including taurine, carnitine, and some others. The important task for a nutritionist is to find an optimal balance of dietary antioxidants to provide animals with maximum antioxidant defences, effective stress signaling and adaptation which would be vital elements in gut health maintenance, immunocompetence, controlling inflammation and maintenance of high productive and reproductive performance of animals/poultry.

This special issue would be devoted to redox homeostasis maintenance in poultry/animal production to provide optimal health and high stress resistance under commercially relevant stress conditions.

This would include, but not restricted to, such topics as:

  • Molecular mechanisms of redox balance regulation
  • Redox homeostasis and immunity
  • Oxidative stress, antioxidant defences and inflammation
  • Commercial stresses, redox balance and gut health
  • Redox balance, microbiota and animal/poultry health
  • Dietary selenium, selenoproteins and stress adaptation in farm animals and poultry
  • Vitamin E, as a headquarter of the antioxidant defence network
  • Carotenoids: is there biological requirement for them in poultry and farm animals?
  • Carnitine and taurine: new entrants into the antioxidant family and their roles in redox homeostasis maintenance
  • Redox homeostasis and meat quality
  • Redox balance, antioxidant defences and male reproduction
  • Redox homeostasis during chicken embryonic development and mammal’s pregnancy and its regulation
  • Nrf2 in poultry and animal production: a conductor of the antioxidant defence orchestra
  • NF-kB as a marker and regulatory hub in redox balance maintenance in farm animals and poultry
  • Vitagenes in redox balance maintenance.

Prof. Dr. Peter F. Surai
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • redox homeostasis
  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidants
  • transcription factors
  • immunity
  • inflammation
  • poultry
  • pigs
  • cattle

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 4757 KiB  
Article
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Cardiac Metabolic Adaption, Mitochondrial Biogenetics, and Redox Status to Ameliorate Pathological Remodeling and Functional Failure in Obese Chickens
by Shih-Kai Chiang, Mei-Ying Sin, Jun-Wen Lin, Maraddin Siregar, Gilmour Valdez, Yu-Hui Chen, Thau Kiong Chung, Rosemary L. Walzem, Lin-Chu Chang and Shuen-Ei Chen
Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1426; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111426 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 317
Abstract
Broiler breeder hens allowed ad libitum (Ad) feed intake developed obesity and cardiac pathogenesis and thereby were susceptible to sudden death. A supplement of 69 µg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3)/kg feed rescued the livability of feed-restricted (R) and Ad-hens (mortality; 6.7% vs. 8.9% and 31.1% [...] Read more.
Broiler breeder hens allowed ad libitum (Ad) feed intake developed obesity and cardiac pathogenesis and thereby were susceptible to sudden death. A supplement of 69 µg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3)/kg feed rescued the livability of feed-restricted (R) and Ad-hens (mortality; 6.7% vs. 8.9% and 31.1% vs. 48.9%). Necropsy with the surviving counterparts along the time course confirmed alleviation of myocardial remodeling and functional failure by 25-OH-D3, as shown by BNP and MHC-β expressions, pathological hypertrophy, and cardiorespiratory responses (p < 0.05). 25-OH-D3 mitigated cardiac deficient bioenergetics in Ad-hens by rescuing PGC-1α activation, mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and electron transport chain complex activities, and metabolic adaptions in glucose oxidation, pyruvate/lactate interconversion, TCA cycle, and β-oxidation, as well as in TG and ceramide accumulation to limit lipotoxic development (p < 0.05). Supplemental 25-OH-D3 also sustained Nrf2 activation and relieved MDA accumulation, protein carbonylation, and GSH depletion to potentiate cell survival in the failing heart (p < 0.05). Parts of the redox amendments were mediated via lessened blood hematocrit and heme metabolism, and improved iron status and related gene regulations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 25-OH-D3 ameliorates cardiac pathological remodeling and functional compromise to rescue the livability of obese hens through metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial bioenergetics, and by operating at antioxidant defense, and heme and iron metabolism, to maintain redox homeostasis and sustain cell viability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Homeostasis in Poultry/Animal Production)
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19 pages, 1978 KiB  
Article
Effects of Trace Mineral Source on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Activity, and Meat Quality of Pigs Fed an Oxidized Soy Oil Supplemented Diet
by Ge Zhang, Jingyi Huang, Zhiqiang Sun, Yuhan Guo, Gang Lin, Zeyu Zhang and Jinbiao Zhao
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1227; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101227 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 931
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of oil quality and trace mineral source on the growth performance, antioxidant activity, and meat quality of growing–finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large White [64.4 ± 1.95]) were randomly allocated five [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effects of oil quality and trace mineral source on the growth performance, antioxidant activity, and meat quality of growing–finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large White [64.4 ± 1.95]) were randomly allocated five dietary treatments based on body weight (BW) and sex in a 30 d trial. Pigs were fed five diets: (i) fresh soy oil + inorganic trace minerals (ITMs) + inorganic selenium (FISI), (ii) oxidized soy oil + ITMs + inorganic selenium (OISI), (iii) fresh soy oil + ITMs + selenium yeast (FISY), (iv) oxidized soy oil + ITMs + selenium yeast (OISY), and (v) oxidized soy oil + organic trace minerals (OTMs) + selenium yeast (OOSY). Each dietary treatment included six replicates and six pigs per replicate (three barrows and three gilts). Feeding OISI resulted in lower average daily gain (ADG) and dressing percentage (p < 0.05). The OOSY group had a higher dressing percentage and activities of serum CAT and GSH-Px in growing–finishing pigs (p < 0.05). In addition, the relative abundance of Campylobacterota in the colonic digesta varied with the quality of soy oil and source of trace minerals (p < 0.05), but no significant differences in short-chain fatty acid concentrations were observed among all dietary groups. In conclusion, adding oxidized soy oil to the diet negatively impacted the ADG and dressing percentage of growing–finishing pigs, and replacing ITMs with OTMs and SY alleviated these negative impacts. A combination of OTMs and SY can support antioxidant capacity to mitigate the negative impacts of oxidized oil on the growth performance and dressing percentage of growing–finishing pigs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Homeostasis in Poultry/Animal Production)
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19 pages, 893 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Metabolism of Finishing Pigs
by Mengmeng Han, Yunju Yin, Saiming Gong, Hanjing Shi, Qilong Li, Xiao Lian, Yehui Duan, Fengna Li and Qiuping Guo
Antioxidants 2024, 13(3), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13030320 - 6 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1812
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. A total of 240 “Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire” crossbred pigs with an initial weight of 74.70 ± [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. A total of 240 “Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire” crossbred pigs with an initial weight of 74.70 ± 0.77 kg were randomly assigned to two groups: control group and 0.2% ELE group, with each group containing 10 replicates of 12 pigs per pen (half barrows and half gilts). The data showed dietary 0.2% ELE supplementation did not affect growth performance but tended to reduce the backfat thickness of the finishing pigs (p = 0.07). ELE diets increased pH value (p < 0.05) and meat color score (p = 0.01) and decreased 45 min L* value (p < 0.05), 24 h L* value (p = 0.01), pressurization loss (p = 0.01), and 24 h drip loss (p < 0.05) in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, accompanied by an increased (p < 0.05) proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.06) and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (p = 0.05) compared to controls. In addition, ELE supplementation increased inosine monophosphate (IMP) (p = 0.01), sweet amino acids (AAs) (p < 0.05), and total free AA content (p = 0.05) in LD. Meanwhile, increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase (p < 0.01) in both serum and LD muscle and decreased malondialdehyde content (p < 0.01) in LD muscle were detected with ELE treatment. Moreover, pigs fed ELE had a higher total protein (p < 0.01), albumin (p < 0.05), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05) and a lower total cholesterol (p < 0.01) and triacylglycerols (p = 0.06) in serum. Consistently, significant effects of dietary ELE were observed on the relative mRNA expression of lipid metabolism in the backfat and the LD muscle, respectively. ELE attenuated lipogenic processes in backfat, decreasing the relative expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and upregulating the relative expression of adipose triacyl glyceride lipase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (p < 0.05). ELE also decreased the relative expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (p < 0.05), fatty acid translocase (p < 0.05), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B (p < 0.01), and adipose triacyl glyceride lipase (p < 0.05) in LD muscle (p < 0.05). More specifically, lipogenesis appeared to be inhibited in both LD muscle and backfat, with the difference being that lipolysis was enhanced in backfat and inhibited in LD muscle. In conclusion, dietary ELE supplementation can potentially enhance carcass traits, sensory quality, and nutritional value of pork without negatively affecting intramuscular fat content. The underlying mechanism for these positive effects may be linked to the alterations in lipid metabolism and increased antioxidant capacity induced by ELE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Homeostasis in Poultry/Animal Production)
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26 pages, 20402 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Radix isatidis Raw Material on Egg Quality, Serum Biochemistry, Gut Morphology and Gut Flora
by Pingping Li, Zenghao Yan, Panpan Shi, Deqin Wang, Zhenhui Liu, Mengting Lu, Chuyuan Li, Yulong Yin and Peng Huang
Antioxidants 2023, 12(12), 2084; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122084 - 7 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1453
Abstract
China produces more than 30 million tons of drug residues every year. Therefore, innovative solutions are needed to mitigate environmental damage. Certain plant compounds boost hens’ health and performance. Radix isatidis is promising for layer production. This study elucidates the multidimensional impact of [...] Read more.
China produces more than 30 million tons of drug residues every year. Therefore, innovative solutions are needed to mitigate environmental damage. Certain plant compounds boost hens’ health and performance. Radix isatidis is promising for layer production. This study elucidates the multidimensional impact of Radix isatidis residual material (RIHR) on laying hens, focusing on the egg quality, intestinal health and the microbial landscape. A total of 288 55-week-old Peking powder laying hens with similar laying rates and body weights were randomly divided into four groups, with eight replicates per group and nine hens per replicate. The groups were divided into a control group, an RIHR low-dose group, a medium-dose group and a high-dose group according to a single-factor, completely randomized design. For the three RIHR treatment groups, the added amounts were 5 kg/t, 10 kg/t and 15 kg/t, respectively. Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS), molecular docking, fluorescence quantitative PCR and other methods were used. The results showed that three main anti-inflammatory and antiviral compounds were identified in RIHR-indirubin (0.21 μg/g), deoxyvasicinone (0.18 μg/g) and epigoitrin (0.39 μg/g). RIHR significantly increased the eggshell thickness, Haugh unit and protein height (p < 0.05). It also had significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on ilea and ceca (p < 0.05). The microbial analysis demonstrated that RIHR supplementation led to a significant reduction in foregut Lactobacillus levels (p < 0.05). In the hindgut, a significant increase in pathogenic bacteria was observed (p < 0.05). The study concludes that RIHR’s anti-inflammatory compounds may directly act on the intestinal tract to modulate inflammation, highlighting its potential for targeted interventions in poultry health and nutrition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Homeostasis in Poultry/Animal Production)
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Review

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30 pages, 1638 KiB  
Review
Silymarin and Inflammation: Food for Thoughts
by Peter F. Surai, Anton Surai and Katie Earle-Payne
Antioxidants 2024, 13(1), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13010098 - 14 Jan 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5233
Abstract
Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism, creating hostile conditions for pathogens, preventing the spread of tissue infection and repairing damaged tissues in humans and animals. However, when inflammation resolution is delayed or compromised as a result of its misregulation, the process proceeds from [...] Read more.
Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism, creating hostile conditions for pathogens, preventing the spread of tissue infection and repairing damaged tissues in humans and animals. However, when inflammation resolution is delayed or compromised as a result of its misregulation, the process proceeds from the acute phase to chronic inflammation, leading to the development of various chronic illnesses. It is proven that redox balance disturbances and oxidative stress are among major factors inducing NF-κB and leading to over-inflammation. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory properties of various natural antioxidants have been widely tested in various in vitro and in vivo systems. Accumulating evidence indicates that silymarin (SM) and its main constituent silibinin/silybin (SB) have great potential as an anti-inflammation agent. The main anti-inflammatory mechanism of SM/SB action is attributed to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways and the downregulated expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, CCL4, CXCL10, etc. Of note, in the same model systems, SM/SB was able to upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, etc.) and lipid mediators involved in the resolution of inflammation. The inflammatory properties of SM/SB were clearly demonstrated in model systems based on immune (macrophages and monocytes) and non-immune (epithelial, skin, bone, connective tissue and cancer) cells. At the same time, the anti-inflammatory action of SM/SB was confirmed in a number of in vivo models, including toxicity models, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, ischemia/reperfusion models, stress-induced injuries, ageing and exercising models, wound healing and many other relevant model systems. It seems likely that the anti-inflammatory activities of SM/SB are key elements on the health-promoting properties of these phytochemicals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Homeostasis in Poultry/Animal Production)
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