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Antioxidants
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Growth Factors in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT),...
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Growth Factors in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), Photobiomodulation (PBM), and Radiation Therapy (RT)

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 17 March 2025 | Viewed by 1398

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Timothy C. Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Interests: reactive oxygen species explicit dosimetry; singlet oxygen explicit dosimetry; photodynamic therapy; radiation therapy
Prof. Dr. Brian C. Wilson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Room 15-314, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
Interests: biomedical imaging; cancer diagnosis and therapy; image-guided therapy and device development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in photodynamic therapy and radiation therapy, especially given the increased interest in Flash RT in the latter field. With new generations of dosimetrical tools, it is becoming easier and more feasible to quantify ROS more directly via various means. This evolution has set the stage to understand the role of ROS for PDT and RT. Furthermore, the explicit dosimetry of light, photosensitizers, oxygen concentration, and radiation dosage have facilitated the ability to model the interaction and generation of ROS in PDT and RT. Direct methods have been developed to measure components of ROS, e.g., singlet oxygen (SO) detection using singlet oxygen luminescence. With Flash RT, the potential importance of ROS in explaining the difference between tumor and normal tissue killing is realized. Given the abundance of imaging techniques available for the initial staging, each clinical challenge can be met with a tailored image guidance solution.

In Photobiomodulation (PBM), various growth factors (GFs), e.g., VEGF, etc., are promoted by the application of NIR light to promote the growth of normal cells to reduce the side effects of cancer treatments. These processes usually have an upper limit on light fluence (rate) instead of a low one, which is necessary for ROS generation, producing an antioxidant effect.

This Special Issue aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the most recent (technical) advances in the field of ROS and GF modeling and detection. Discussing a variety of cancer interventions and remedies aimed at reducing the side effects of cancer treatment, we will cover the in vivo and in vitro use of innovative techniques to detect ROS and GF for a wide range of modalities. Translational efforts and work that demonstrate the benefits for patients are of particular interest.

Prof. Dr. Timothy C. Zhu
Prof. Dr. Brian C. Wilson
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • singlet oxygen (SO)
  • radiation
  • photodynamic therapy
  • cancers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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20 pages, 7440 KiB  
Article
A Comprehensive Study of Reactive Oxygen Species Explicit Dosimetry for Pleural Photodynamic Therapy
by Hongjing Sun, Yihong Ong, Michele M. Kim, Andreea Dimofte, Sunil Singhal, Keith A. Cengel, Arjun G. Yodh and Timothy C. Zhu
Antioxidants 2024, 13(12), 1436; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121436 - 22 Nov 2024
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on the interactions between light, photosensitizers, and tissue oxygen to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily singlet oxygen (1O2) through Type II photochemical reactions, along with superoxide anion radicals (O2•−), hydrogen [...] Read more.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on the interactions between light, photosensitizers, and tissue oxygen to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily singlet oxygen (1O2) through Type II photochemical reactions, along with superoxide anion radicals (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through Type I mechanisms. Accurate dosimetry, accounting for all three components, is crucial for predicting and optimizing PDT outcomes. Conventional dosimetry tracks only light fluence rate and photosensitizer concentration, neglecting the role of tissue oxygenation. Reactive oxygen species explicit dosimetry (ROSED) quantifies the reacted oxygen species concentration ([ROS]rx) by explicit measurements of light fluence (rate), photosensitizer concentration, and tissue oxygen concentration. Here we determine tissue oxygenation from non-invasive diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurement of tumor blood flow using a conversion factor established preclinically. In this study, we have enrolled 24 pleural PDT patients into the study. Of these patients, we are able to obtain data on 20. Explicit dosimetry of light fluence, Photofrin concentration, and tissue oxygenation concentrations were integrated into the ROSED model to calculate [ROS]rx across multiple sites inside the pleural cavity and among different patients. Large inter- and intra-patient heterogeneities in [ROS]rx were observed, despite identical 60 J/cm2 light doses, with mean [ROS]rx,meas of 0.56 ± 0.26 mM for 13 patients with 21 sites, and [ROS]rx,calc1 of 0.48 ± 0.23 mM for 20 patients with 76 sites. This study presented the first comprehensive analysis of clinical ROSED in pleural mesothelioma patients, providing valuable data on future ROSED based pleural PDT that can potentially produce uniform ROS and thus improve the PDT efficacy for Photofrin-mediated pleural PDT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species and Growth Factors in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), Photobiomodulation (PBM), and Radiation Therapy (RT))
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22 pages, 2500 KiB  
Article
Role of Oxidative Stress Signaling, Nrf2, on Survival and Stemness of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Exposed to X-rays, Protons and Carbon Ions
by Mira Hammad, Rima Salma, Jacques Balosso, Mohi Rezvani and Siamak Haghdoost
Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1035; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091035 - 26 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Some cancers have a poor prognosis and often lead to local recurrence because they are resistant to available treatments, e.g., glioblastoma. Attempts have been made to increase the sensitivity of resistant tumors by targeting pathways involved in the resistance and combining it, for [...] Read more.
Some cancers have a poor prognosis and often lead to local recurrence because they are resistant to available treatments, e.g., glioblastoma. Attempts have been made to increase the sensitivity of resistant tumors by targeting pathways involved in the resistance and combining it, for example, with radiotherapy (RT). We have previously reported that treating glioblastoma stem cells with an Nrf2 inhibitor increases their radiosensitivity. Unfortunately, the application of drugs can also affect normal cells. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of the Nrf2 pathway in the survival and differentiation of normal human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) exposed to radiation. We treated ADSCs with an Nrf2 inhibitor and then exposed them to X-rays, protons or carbon ions. All three radiation qualities are used to treat cancer. The survival and differentiation abilities of the surviving ADSCs were studied. We found that the enhancing effect of Nrf2 inhibition on cell survival levels was radiation-quality-dependent (X-rays > proton > carbon ions). Furthermore, our results indicate that Nrf2 inhibition reduces stem cell differentiation by 35% and 28% for adipogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively, using all applied radiation qualities. Interestingly, the results show that the cells that survive proton and carbon ion irradiations have an increased ability, compared with X-rays, to differentiate into osteogenesis and adipogenesis lineages. Therefore, we can conclude that the use of carbon ions or protons can affect the stemness of irradiated ADSCs at lower levels than X-rays and is thus more beneficial for long-time cancer survivors, such as pediatric patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species and Growth Factors in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), Photobiomodulation (PBM), and Radiation Therapy (RT))
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