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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue
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Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 12148

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Fátima Nogales Bueno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain
Interests: oxidative stress; antioxidants; selenium; endocrinology; energy metabolism; metabolic syndrome; adipose tissue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. María Luisa Ojeda Murillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain
Interests: oxidative stress; antioxidants; selenium; endocrinology; energy metabolism; metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance; adipose tissue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adipose tissue (AT) is a vital endocrine organ that plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolism, inflammation, energy homeostasis, and thermogenesis. Therefore, this tissue is involved in the appearance of several metabolic syndromes, type 2 diabetes and obesity.  By releasing adipokines, the AT can affect other tissues, communicate with other organs and exert an adverse influence on the development of these metabolic disorders.

Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the development and function of AT. Physiological reactive oxidive species (ROS) are fundamental to the adipogenic differentiation of white adipocytes and to thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. However, the excessive accumulation of ROS or inadequate ROS clearance, as a consequence of deficiency or failed antioxidant defenses, provoke AT dysfunction and are strongly associated with obesity and metabolic diseases.

This Special Issue aims to present an overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of OS and antioxidant therapy in maintaining the healthy functioning of AT. Additionally, it will explore the impact of ROS on the pathological mechanisms that contribute to the development of metabolic diseases involving AT. 

Prof. Dr. Fátima Nogales Bueno
Prof. Dr. María Luisa Ojeda Murillo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • adipose tissue
  • ROS
  • antioxidant defense

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4645 KiB  
Article
Uncovering the Role of Selenite and Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) in Adolescent Rat Adipose Tissue beyond Oxidative Balance: Transcriptomic Analysis
by Fátima Nogales, Eloísa Pajuelo, Inés Romero-Herrera, Olimpia Carreras, Francisco Merchán, José A. Carrasco López and María Luisa Ojeda
Antioxidants 2024, 13(6), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13060750 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1026
Abstract
Studies on adolescent rats, when body composition is changing deeply, reveal that the administration of sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), at the same dose, have opposite effects on adipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT). To investigate the mechanisms involved in these contrasting [...] Read more.
Studies on adolescent rats, when body composition is changing deeply, reveal that the administration of sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), at the same dose, have opposite effects on adipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT). To investigate the mechanisms involved in these contrasting effects by means of transcriptomic analysis, three groups of male adolescent rats (n = 18) were used: control (C), selenite supplemented (S), and SeNPs supplemented (NS). Both treated groups received a twofold increase in Se dose compared to the control group through water intake for three weeks. Following treatment, WAT was removed and frozen at −80 °C until subsequent use for RNA extraction, endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities determination, and quantification of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. NS rats displayed a larger number of differentially expressed genes and cellular processes impacted than S rats. Remarkably, these changes involved upregulation of gene expression associated with the immune system, catabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative balance. NS rats presented an increase in antioxidant enzymes activity, alongside an accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde levels. The expression level of 81 genes related to oxidative stress was significantly affected in NS rats. Analyzing the KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that NS rats exhibited increased activity in key catabolic pathways and decreased activity in crucial growth signaling processes. These changes contribute to the mass decrease in WAT found in NS rats. These results suggest a possible application of SeNPs in WAT reduction and induction of the immune response during adolescence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue)
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Review

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13 pages, 1386 KiB  
Review
Metabolic and Biochemical Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) on Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Potential Health Benefits in Obesity and Future Perspectives
by Davide Charrier, Giuseppe Cerullo, Roberta Carpenito, Vincenzo Vindigni, Franco Bassetto, Luca Simoni, Tatiana Moro and Antonio Paoli
Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091027 - 24 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3234
Abstract
Obesity is defined as a complex, systemic disease characterized by excessive and dysfunctional adipose tissue, leading to adverse health effects. This condition is marked by low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic abnormalities, including mitochondrial dysfunction. These factors promote energy dysregulation and impact body [...] Read more.
Obesity is defined as a complex, systemic disease characterized by excessive and dysfunctional adipose tissue, leading to adverse health effects. This condition is marked by low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic abnormalities, including mitochondrial dysfunction. These factors promote energy dysregulation and impact body composition not only by increasing body fat but also by promoting skeletal muscle mass atrophy. The decline in muscle mass is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with this disease. The European Food Safety Authority approved pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a natural compound, as a dietary supplement in 2018. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential role of PQQ, based on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in addressing dysfunctional adipose tissue metabolism and related disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue)
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17 pages, 1890 KiB  
Review
Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue
by Roberta Cazzola, Matteo Della Porta, Gabriele Piuri and Jeanette A. Maier
Antioxidants 2024, 13(8), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080893 - 24 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2072
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is involved in essential cellular and physiological processes. Globally, inadequate consumption of Mg is widespread among populations, especially those who consume processed foods, and its homeostasis is impaired in obese individuals and type 2 diabetes patients. Since Mg deficiency triggers oxidative [...] Read more.
Magnesium (Mg) is involved in essential cellular and physiological processes. Globally, inadequate consumption of Mg is widespread among populations, especially those who consume processed foods, and its homeostasis is impaired in obese individuals and type 2 diabetes patients. Since Mg deficiency triggers oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, common features of several frequent chronic non-communicable diseases, interest in this mineral is growing in clinical medicine as well as in biomedicine. To date, very little is known about the role of Mg deficiency in adipose tissue. In obesity, the increase in fat tissue leads to changes in the release of cytokines, causing low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration. Hypomagnesemia in obesity can potentiate the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased ATP production. Importantly, Mg plays a role in regulating intracellular calcium concentration and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin receptor activity. This narrative review aims to consolidate existing knowledge, identify research gaps, and raise awareness of the critical role of Mg in supporting adipose tissue metabolism and preventing oxidative stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue)
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54 pages, 3588 KiB  
Review
The Roles of White Adipose Tissue and Liver NADPH in Dietary Restriction-Induced Longevity
by Leah E. Jamerson and Patrick C. Bradshaw
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070820 - 8 Jul 2024
Viewed by 2033
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) protocols frequently employ intermittent fasting. Following a period of fasting, meal consumption increases lipogenic gene expression, including that of NADPH-generating enzymes that fuel lipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) through the induction of transcriptional regulators SREBP-1c and CHREBP. SREBP-1c knockout [...] Read more.
Dietary restriction (DR) protocols frequently employ intermittent fasting. Following a period of fasting, meal consumption increases lipogenic gene expression, including that of NADPH-generating enzymes that fuel lipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) through the induction of transcriptional regulators SREBP-1c and CHREBP. SREBP-1c knockout mice, unlike controls, did not show an extended lifespan on the DR diet. WAT cytoplasmic NADPH is generated by both malic enzyme 1 (ME1) and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), while liver cytoplasmic NADPH is primarily synthesized by folate cycle enzymes provided one-carbon units through serine catabolism. During the daily fasting period of the DR diet, fatty acids are released from WAT and are transported to peripheral tissues, where they are used for beta-oxidation and for phospholipid and lipid droplet synthesis, where monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) may activate Nrf1 and inhibit ferroptosis to promote longevity. Decreased WAT NADPH from PPP gene knockout stimulated the browning of WAT and protected from a high-fat diet, while high levels of NADPH-generating enzymes in WAT and macrophages are linked to obesity. But oscillations in WAT [NADPH]/[NADP+] from feeding and fasting cycles may play an important role in maintaining metabolic plasticity to drive longevity. Studies measuring the WAT malate/pyruvate as a proxy for the cytoplasmic [NADPH]/[NADP+], as well as studies using fluorescent biosensors expressed in the WAT of animal models to monitor the changes in cytoplasmic [NADPH]/[NADP+], are needed during ad libitum and DR diets to determine the changes that are associated with longevity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue)
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22 pages, 863 KiB  
Review
The Role of Adipokines and Myokines in the Pathogenesis of Different Obesity Phenotypes—New Perspectives
by Marta Pelczyńska, Ewa Miller-Kasprzak, Marcin Piątkowski, Roksana Mazurek, Mateusz Klause, Anna Suchecka, Magdalena Bucoń and Paweł Bogdański
Antioxidants 2023, 12(12), 2046; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122046 - 26 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2959
Abstract
Obesity is a characteristic disease of the twenty-first century that is affecting an increasing percentage of society. Obesity expresses itself in different phenotypes: normal-weight obesity (NWO), metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). A range of pathophysiological [...] Read more.
Obesity is a characteristic disease of the twenty-first century that is affecting an increasing percentage of society. Obesity expresses itself in different phenotypes: normal-weight obesity (NWO), metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). A range of pathophysiological mechanisms underlie the occurrence of obesity, including inflammation, oxidative stress, adipokine secretion, and other processes related to the pathophysiology of adipose tissue (AT). Body mass index (BMI) is the key indicator in the diagnosis of obesity; however, in the case of the NWO and MONW phenotypes, the metabolic disturbances are present despite BMI being within the normal range. On the other hand, MHO subjects with elevated BMI values do not present metabolic abnormalities. The MUO phenotype involves both a high BMI value and an abnormal metabolic profile. In this regard, attention has been focused on the variety of molecules produced by AT and their role in the development of obesity. Nesfatin-1, neuregulin 4, myonectin, irisin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) all seem to have protective effects against obesity. The primary mechanism underlying the action of nesfatin-1 involves an increase in insulin sensitivity and reduced food intake. Neuregulin 4 sup-presses lipogenesis, decreases lipid accumulation, and reduces chronic low-grade inflammation. Myonectin lowers the amount of fatty acids in the bloodstream by increasing their absorption in the liver and AT. Irisin stimulates the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and consequently in-creases energy expenditure, additionally regulating glucose metabolism. Another molecule, BDNF, has anorexigenic effects. Decorin protects against the development of hyperglycemia, but may also contribute to proinflammatory processes. Similar effects are shown in the case of visfatin and chemerin, which may predispose to obesity. Visfatin increases adipogenesis, causes cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, and contributes to the development of glucose intolerance. Chemerin induces angiogenesis, which promotes the expansion of AT. This review aims to discuss the role of adipokines and myokines in the pathogenesis of the different obesity phenotypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue)
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