Legume Antioxidants: Chemistry and Potential Health Impact as Affected by Food Processing and Storage

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 3353

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion and Coastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Pascagoula, MS 39567, USA
Interests: legumes; antioxidants; polyphenolics; peptides; processing; storage; bioactivity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The medical cost for treating chronic diseases such as type II diabetes, cancers and cardiovascular diseases is very high world-wide. The etiology leading to these diseases at the molecular and cellular levels is related to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species in the cells. Legumes have long been cultivated globally and provide important sources of nutritious proteins and dietary fibers, which contribute significantly to human health. In addition, legumes contain various types of antioxidants, which are capable of eliminating reactive oxygen species. Consuming legumes with optimal antioxidant properties may help in preventing chronic diseases. There are numerous classes of food legumes, including soybeans, common beans, peas, chickpeas and lentils. There are wide variations in the content, composition and bioactivity of the naturally occurring antioxidants in legumes and they are affected by genetic materials, production, storage, food processing and post-processing handling methods. Furthermore, peptides derived from protein hydrolysis have also been reported to possess antioxidant activities. Dry legumes contain natural antinutrients such as trypsin inhibitors and hemagglutinins, which must be inactivated via thermal processing prior to consumption. However, thermal processing damages antioxidant structures and their functions. This issue will contribute to the understanding of the chemistry, preservation and health-promoting nature of legume antioxidants. Submissions of your original works or updated review articles are welcome.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Extraction, analysis and characterizations of antioxidants in legumes;
  • Phytochemical and peptide antioxidants in legumes;
  • Effect of food processing and storage on antioxidants and their bioactivity;
  • Structures and functions of legume antioxidants;
  • Anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-hypertension and anti-inflammation properties of legume antioxidants;
  • Animal and human studies on the health effects of legume antioxidants.

Legumes may include soybean, common bean, peas, lentils, chickpea and other dried legumes. Please note that in the analysis and characterization of antioxidants, sufficient descriptions of sampling, sources, preparations and analytical methodologies should be included.

Prof. Dr. Sam K. C. Chang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • legumes
  • antioxidants
  • polyphenolics
  • peptides
  • food processing and storage
  • bioactivity and health impact

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 450 KiB  
Article
Mass Yields, Antioxidant and Anti-DU145 Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation Properties of ProSoy Soymilk as Affected by Extraction Methods and Cooking
by Sam K. C. Chang and Yingying Tan
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070755 - 21 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 828
Abstract
Both the soybean variety and processing method affect the end soybean product’s characteristics. This study’s objective was to characterize the effects of four extraction methods (variations of soaking and grinding) combined with cooking on the content and composition of phenolic substances and the [...] Read more.
Both the soybean variety and processing method affect the end soybean product’s characteristics. This study’s objective was to characterize the effects of four extraction methods (variations of soaking and grinding) combined with cooking on the content and composition of phenolic substances and the antioxidant and anti-DU145 prostate cancer cell proliferation properties of soymilks prepared from a yellow soybean of the ProSoy variety, which is a high-protein variety. The results showed that the soymilk processing yield was the greatest using method 4, although method 2 gave the highest solid and protein yields by about 14 and 12%, respectively. Method 4, a two-step grinding method, also gave increased yields (8 and 7% for solids and proteins, respectively), and in all but one instance produced higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC), and total isoflavone content values in both raw and cooked soymilks as compared to method 1. Cooking the soymilks reduced 14–17% of their total phenolic substances. Cooking reduced the anti-cancer capacity of the phenolic extracts from the soymilk prepared using method 4 by increasing the IC50 value from about 4.9 mg/mL to 6.8 mg/mL. The increases in phenolic compounds and antioxidants produced in the Prosoy soymilks using methods 2 and 4, with simultaneous increases in product and solid yields, are of significant benefit to the soymilk industry and consumer health. Full article
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Review

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26 pages, 1652 KiB  
Review
Unlocking the Nutraceutical Potential of Legumes and Their By-Products: Paving the Way for the Circular Economy in the Agri-Food Industry
by Fanghua Guo, Renan Danielski, Sarusha Santhiravel and Fereidoon Shahidi
Antioxidants 2024, 13(6), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13060636 - 24 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2097
Abstract
Legumes, including beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils, are cultivated worldwide and serve as important components of a balanced and nutritious diet. Each legume variety contains unique levels of protein, starch, fiber, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, with potential applications in various industries. By-products such [...] Read more.
Legumes, including beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils, are cultivated worldwide and serve as important components of a balanced and nutritious diet. Each legume variety contains unique levels of protein, starch, fiber, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, with potential applications in various industries. By-products such as hulls, rich in bioactive compounds, offer promise for value-added utilization and health-focused product development. Various extraction methods are employed to enhance protein extraction rates from legume by-products, finding applications in various foods such as meat analogs, breads, and desserts. Moreover, essential fatty acids, carotenoids, tocols, and polyphenols are abundant in several residual fractions from legumes. These bioactive classes are linked to reduced incidence of cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, some cancers, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, among other relevant health conditions. The present contribution provides a comprehensive review of the nutritional and bioactive composition of major legumes and their by-products. Additionally, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability aspects of legume consumption, as well as in vitro and in vivo evidence of their health effects are addressed. Full article
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