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Antioxidants
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Antioxidants and Chronic Inflammation
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Antioxidants and Chronic Inflammation

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 45058

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Salvador Manez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
Interests: inflammation; skin; gut; plant secondary metabolites; free radicals biology

Special Issue Information

Many human physiological systems are subject to alterations in which chronic inflammation is substantial. This inflammation is apparent in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, in which the synovium and skin are the sites where the pathological signs are concentrated, respectively. In these cases, the disorder reflects systemic immune deregulation; in others, inflammation is linked to environmental aggressions, as can be observed in bronchial asthma or contact dermatitis.

Inflammatory processes are mediated by diverse messages, some of them characterized by a strict oxidative characteristic. This is the case of the activation of cyclo-oxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase, which are enzymes integrated in lipid metabolism; or that of nitric oxide synthase, of which the substrate is the amino acid arginine. The key reagent in these pathways is molecular oxygen, which produces their pronounced and irreversible profile. In chronic disorders, the chemical traces are endless: some are evanescent, like reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, important in cellular signaling; others are durable, such as 3-nitrotyrosine, advanced glycation end-products, malondialdehyde adducts, and citrullinated peptide chains, among others. These traces are not only valuable as analytical markers but also as indicators of the progression of the associated diseases.

This Special Issue is devoted to scientific collaborations related to the influence of oxidative processes in developing chronic inflammation, with a special emphasis on the pharmacological projection of the related antioxidant products.

Prof. Dr. Salvador Máñez Aliño
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • amino acid modification
  • autoimmune diseases
  • chronic inflammation
  • lipid peroxidation
  • carbonyl stress

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3013 KiB  
Article
Effects of the Cytoplasm and Mitochondrial Specific Hydroxyl Radical Scavengers TA293 and mitoTA293 in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Model Mice
by Takahiro Sakai, Hidetsugu Takagaki, Noriyuki Yamagiwa, Michio Ui, Shinichi Hatta and Jun Imai
Antioxidants 2021, 10(9), 1398; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091398 - 31 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3205
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is the primary pathology in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and is considered to result from an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in alveolar epithelial cells. However, the exact mechanism underlying lung fibrosis remains unclear and there is no effective therapy. [...] Read more.
Lung fibrosis is the primary pathology in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and is considered to result from an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in alveolar epithelial cells. However, the exact mechanism underlying lung fibrosis remains unclear and there is no effective therapy. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) has the strongest oxidizing potential among ROS. Recently, •OH localized to the cytoplasm (cyto •OH) was reported to induce cellular senescence, while mitochondria-localized •OH (mt •OH) was reported to induce apoptosis. We developed the cyto •OH- and mt •OH-scavenging antioxidants TA293 and mitoTA293 to evaluate the effects of cyto •OH and mt •OH in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Treatment of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice with TA293 suppressed the induction of cellular senescence and fibrosis, as well as inflammation in the lung, but mitoTA293 exacerbated these. Furthermore, in BLM-stimulated primary alveolar epithelial cells, TA293 suppressed the activation of the p-ATMser1981/p-p53ser15/p21, p-HRI/p-eIF2ser51/ATF4/p16, NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1/IL-1β/IL1R/p-p38 MAPK/p16, and p21 pathways and the induction of cellular senescence. However, mitoTA293 suppressed the induction of mitophagy, enhanced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1/IL1β/IL1R/p-p38 MAPK/p16 and p21 pathways, and exacerbated cellular senescence, inflammation, and fibrosis. Our findings may help develop new strategies to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Chronic Inflammation)
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15 pages, 5235 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect of Antioxidants in Nitric Oxide/COX-2 Interaction during Inflammatory Pain: The Role of Nitration
by Sara Ilari, Concetta Dagostino, Valentina Malafoglia, Filomena Lauro, Luigino Antonio Giancotti, Antonella Spila, Stefania Proietti, Domenica Ventrice, Milena Rizzo, Micaela Gliozzi, Ernesto Palma, Fiorella Guadagni, Daniela Salvemini, Vincenzo Mollace and Carolina Muscoli
Antioxidants 2020, 9(12), 1284; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121284 - 16 Dec 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3724
Abstract
In clinical practice, inflammatory pain is an important, unresolved health problem, despite the utilization of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In the last decade, different studies have proven that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in the development and [...] Read more.
In clinical practice, inflammatory pain is an important, unresolved health problem, despite the utilization of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In the last decade, different studies have proven that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia via the post-translation modification of key proteins, such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). It is well-known that inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) plays a crucial role at the beginning of the inflammatory response by converting arachidonic acid into proinflammatory prostaglandin PGE2 and then producing other proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Here, we investigated the impact of oxidative stress on COX-2 and prostaglandin (PG) pathways in paw exudates, and we studied how this mechanism can be reversed by using antioxidants during hyperalgesia in a well-characterized model of inflammatory pain in rats. Our results reveal that during the inflammatory state, induced by intraplantar administration of carrageenan, the increase of PGE2 levels released in the paw exudates were associated with COX-2 nitration. Moreover, we showed that the inhibition of ROS with Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin(MnTBAP) antioxidant prevented COX-2 nitration, restored the PGE2 levels, and blocked the development of thermal hyperalgesia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Chronic Inflammation)
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13 pages, 697 KiB  
Article
Nigella Sativa’s Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effects in Experimental Inflammation
by Raluca Maria Pop, Octavia Sabin, Șoimița Suciu, Stefan Cristian Vesa, Sonia Ancuța Socaci, Veronica Sanda Chedea, Ioana Corina Bocsan and Anca Dana Buzoianu
Antioxidants 2020, 9(10), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100921 - 26 Sep 2020
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4704
Abstract
Nigella sativa (NS) has been used for centuries in various inflammatory conditions because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in two models of acute (carrageenan-induced) and sub-acute [...] Read more.
Nigella sativa (NS) has been used for centuries in various inflammatory conditions because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in two models of acute (carrageenan-induced) and sub-acute inflammation (complete Freund’s adjuvant induced) in rats. Materials and Methods: NSO was administered orally 1, 2 and 4 mL/kg in the acute phase. For subacute phase, NSO was administered 4 mL/kg, 7 days before or after inflammation induction, or in association with diclofenac 5 mg/kg. Results: The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed that NSO is an important source of bioactive compounds, especially p-cymene and thymoquinone. In the acute phase, 1.5 h after administration, NSO (2 and 4 mL/kg) determined an anti-inflammatory effect comparable with that of diclofenac. In the sub-acute administration, NSO had no anti-inflammatory effect. The analgesic effect of NSO was observed only in the sub-acute inflammation in the analgesy-meter test. NSO as treatment proved its antioxidant effect through the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and increases in hydrogen donor capacity (DH) compared to the control group, but the effect was not as intense as that of diclofenac. Conclusion: The present study has proven inconstant anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidative properties of NSO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Chronic Inflammation)
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Review

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28 pages, 1767 KiB  
Review
The Promising Role of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Disease via the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress Pathways: Updated Insights
by Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Pei-Ming Chu, Vo Phuoc Tuan, Joyce Si-Liang Te and I-Ta Lee
Antioxidants 2020, 9(12), 1211; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121211 - 1 Dec 2020
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 7454
Abstract
There is growing evidence on the involvement of oxidative stress, which is simply described as the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the former, in the development of periodontal disease that is the most common inflammatory disease in the oral cavity. [...] Read more.
There is growing evidence on the involvement of oxidative stress, which is simply described as the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the former, in the development of periodontal disease that is the most common inflammatory disease in the oral cavity. Thus, the potential of antioxidant phytochemicals as adjunctively preventive and therapeutic agents against the initiation and progression of periodontal disease is a topic of great interest. The current review firstly aims to provide updated insights about the immuno-inflammatory pathway regulated by oxidative stress in periodontal pathology. Then, this work further presents the systemic knowledge of antioxidant phytochemicals, particularly the pharmacological activities, which can be utilized in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. Additionally, the challenges and future prospects regarding such a scope are figured out. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Chronic Inflammation)
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29 pages, 1437 KiB  
Review
Circadian Rhythm in Adipose Tissue: Novel Antioxidant Target for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
by Andy W. C. Man, Ning Xia and Huige Li
Antioxidants 2020, 9(10), 968; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100968 - 9 Oct 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5121
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for most metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ that modulates metabolic and cardiovascular health by secreting signaling molecules. Oxidative stress is a common mechanism associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications including obesity, [...] Read more.
Obesity is a major risk factor for most metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ that modulates metabolic and cardiovascular health by secreting signaling molecules. Oxidative stress is a common mechanism associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Oxidative stress can cause adipose tissue dysfunction. Accumulating data from both humans and experimental animal models suggest that adipose tissue function and oxidative stress have an innate connection with the intrinsic biological clock. Circadian clock orchestrates biological processes in adjusting to daily environmental changes according to internal or external cues. Recent studies have identified the genes and molecular pathways exhibiting circadian expression patterns in adipose tissue. Disruption of the circadian rhythmicity has been suggested to augment oxidative stress and aberrate adipose tissue function and metabolism. Therefore, circadian machinery in the adipose tissue may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on circadian rhythm and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, dissect the key components that play a role in regulating the clock rhythm, oxidative stress and adipose tissue function, and discuss the potential use of antioxidant treatment on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases by targeting the adipose clock. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Chronic Inflammation)
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37 pages, 2250 KiB  
Review
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection by Vitamin E: A Matter of Treatment Strategy?
by Melanie Ziegler, Maria Wallert, Stefan Lorkowski and Karlheinz Peter
Antioxidants 2020, 9(10), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100935 - 29 Sep 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 10529
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause about 1/3 of global deaths. Therefore, new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events are highly sought-after. Vitamin E is known for significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been studied in the prevention of CVD, supported [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause about 1/3 of global deaths. Therefore, new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events are highly sought-after. Vitamin E is known for significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been studied in the prevention of CVD, supported by findings that vitamin E deficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, randomized controlled trials in humans reveal conflicting and ultimately disappointing results regarding the reduction of cardiovascular events with vitamin E supplementation. As we discuss in detail, this outcome is strongly affected by study design, cohort selection, co-morbidities, genetic variations, age, and gender. For effective chronic primary and secondary prevention by vitamin E, oxidative and inflammatory status might not have been sufficiently antagonized. In contrast, acute administration of vitamin E may be more translatable into positive clinical outcomes. In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), which is associated with severe oxidative and inflammatory reactions, decreased plasma levels of vitamin E have been found. The offsetting of this acute vitamin E deficiency via short-term treatment in MI has shown promising results, and, thus, acute medication, rather than chronic supplementation, with vitamin E might revitalize vitamin E therapy and even provide positive clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Chronic Inflammation)
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22 pages, 776 KiB  
Review
Oxidative Stress Markers in Chronic Kidney Disease with Emphasis on Diabetic Nephropathy
by Nina Vodošek Hojs, Sebastjan Bevc, Robert Ekart and Radovan Hojs
Antioxidants 2020, 9(10), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100925 - 27 Sep 2020
Cited by 99 | Viewed by 9030
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, especially through the increase of type 2 diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy occurs in up to 40% of diabetic patients and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Various factors affect the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Hyperglycaemia [...] Read more.
Diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, especially through the increase of type 2 diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy occurs in up to 40% of diabetic patients and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Various factors affect the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Hyperglycaemia increases free radical production, resulting in oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Free radicals have a short half-life and are difficult to measure. In contrast, oxidation products, including lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and nucleic acid oxidation, have longer lifetimes and are used to evaluate oxidative stress. In recent years, different oxidative stress biomarkers associated with diabetic nephropathy have been found. This review summarises current evidence of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Although some of them are promising, they cannot replace currently used clinical biomarkers (eGFR, proteinuria) in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Chronic Inflammation)
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