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Applied Sciences
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Fracture, Fatigue and Creep of Advanced Materials
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Fracture, Fatigue and Creep of Advanced Materials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2022) | Viewed by 13322

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xijia Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Structures and Materials Performance Laboratory, Aerospace Research Center, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
Interests: fatigue; creep; thermomechanical fatigue; constitutive modeling; life prediction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fatigue and creep are major damage mechanisms/modes leading to material fracture, which are responsible for the failure of more than 90% of engineering components. Both subjects have been studied for more than 100 years. Today, more and more advanced materials are being developed, such as additively manufactured materials, nanocrystalline materials, functional materials, and high-entropy alloys. For demanding engineering applications to fulfil energy saving, environmental friendliness, and sustainable development requirements, all need good fatigue and creep resistances. This Special Issue “Fracture, Fatigue and Creep of Advanced Materials” is a collection of the most recent studies addressing various aspects of the subject problems, which may include, but are not limited to:

  • Fatigue crack nucleation in advanced materials;
  • Fatigue crack growth in advanced materials;
  • Creep deformation and damage in advanced materials;
  • Creep crack growth;
  • Creep-fatigue interaction in advanced materials;
  • Prediction of total fatigue life.

These studies take a mechanism-based approach rather than a pure empirical approach to identify factors pertinent to manufacturing processes and composition/microstructure that influence the fatigue and/or creep performances of advanced materials, hopefully to guide further improvement and the insertion of new materials for advanced engineering applications

Dr. Xijia Wu
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2071 KiB  
Article
Research on Creep Test of Compacted Graphite Cast Iron and Parameter Identification of Constitutive Model under Wide Range of Temperature and Stress
by Guoxi Jing, Shubo Li, Guang Chen, Junchao Wei, Shuai Sun and Junhai Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 5032; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12105032 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1858
Abstract
With the increase in engine power density, the temperature and stress carried by the cylinder head during operation also increase. The thermal engine fatigue life prediction of the cylinder head needs to consider accurate and reasonable creep-constitutive models and parameters. In view of [...] Read more.
With the increase in engine power density, the temperature and stress carried by the cylinder head during operation also increase. The thermal engine fatigue life prediction of the cylinder head needs to consider accurate and reasonable creep-constitutive models and parameters. In view of the wide range of temperature and stress working conditions of the compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) cylinder head, the creep test of CGI under the conditions of temperature 450~550 °C and stress 100~300 MPa was carried out, and CGI under the conditions of wide temperature and stress was proposed to characterize a creep-constitutive model for minimum creep rate. Research indicated that under wide temperature and stress conditions, CGI was more prone to creep damage than under low load, and creep deformation was dominated by grain boundary sliding (GBS), intragranular dislocation glide (IDG), and dislocation climb (IDC). With the deformation mechanism-based true stress (DMTS) creep model, combined with the multiobjective optimization method, a creep-constitutive model of CGI was constructed, and 73% of the predicted values of the model were within twice the error range. Compared with the linear regression method, the multiobjective optimization method could still fit the accurate model parameters in the case of small samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture, Fatigue and Creep of Advanced Materials)
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19 pages, 2407 KiB  
Article
An Overview of Self-Heating Phenomena and Theory Related to Damping and Fatigue of Metals
by Xijia Wu and Lucy Li
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 3054; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063054 - 17 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3106
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the self-heating phenomena and the continuum thermodynamics framework related to the damping and fatigue of metals. The self-heating process under cyclic loading generally undergoes three phases: Phase I with gradually increasing temperature to a stabilized or steady-state [...] Read more.
This paper presents an overview of the self-heating phenomena and the continuum thermodynamics framework related to the damping and fatigue of metals. The self-heating process under cyclic loading generally undergoes three phases: Phase I with gradually increasing temperature to a stabilized or steady-state in Phase II, followed by Phase III with an accelerated temperature increase until the test sample ruptures. Although energy dissipation and heat generation are all captured by the first law of thermodynamics, the functional form of the heat source(s) with entropy change is not formulated for engineering materials. Experimentally, infrared (IR) thermographic techniques can measure the surface temperature variation during constant-amplitude fatigue testing. The observed relationship between the stabilization temperature or temperature increase rate and the applied stress amplitude is often used to infer the fatigue endurance limit, above which point heat generation from “damage” leads to acceleration of self-heating. The IR thermographic fatigue testing offers a rapid alternative method to assess the material’s fatigue strength. But, the full physical interpretation of the phenomena remains a challenge. On the other hand, the Tanaka-Mura–Wu model is introduced to describe fatigue crack nucleation via accumulation of dislocation dipole pile-up, which provides a class-A prediction (forecast before even happening) for fatigue crack nucleation life in terms of the material’s elastic modulus, Burgers vector, surface energy, and the loading parameter such as cyclic stress/strain range. Then, the release of dislocation dipole pile-up energy to form new crack surfaces is brought into the energy argument. With the inclusion of crack formation energy in the first law of thermodynamics, a unified framework of deformation, damping, fatigue, and self-heating may be established for structural design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture, Fatigue and Creep of Advanced Materials)
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9 pages, 1972 KiB  
Article
Pull-Out Capability of a 3D Printed Threadless Suture Anchor with Rectangular Cross-Section: A Biomechanical Study
by Yueh-Ying Hsieh, Lien-Chen Wu, Fon-Yih Tsuang, Chia-Hsien Chen and Chang-Jung Chiang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 12128; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112412128 - 20 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3170
Abstract
Suture anchor fixation is a common method for securing bone and soft tissue in the body, with proven applications in the hip, elbow, hand, knee and foot. A critical limiting factor of suture anchors is the pull-out strength, particularly in suboptimal bone. This [...] Read more.
Suture anchor fixation is a common method for securing bone and soft tissue in the body, with proven applications in the hip, elbow, hand, knee and foot. A critical limiting factor of suture anchors is the pull-out strength, particularly in suboptimal bone. This study introduces a novel 3D printed threadless suture anchor with a rectangular cross-section. The titanium anchor was designed with surface fenestration and a porous central core to improve bone ingrowth. The aim of this study was to compare the pull-out properties of the novel threadless anchor with a traditional circular threaded suture anchor. The anchors were inserted into a 0.24 g/cm3 synthetic cancellous bone block at angles of 90° and 135° to the surface. The sutures were pulled at 180° (parallel) to the surface under a static pull test (anchor pullout) and cyclic load test using a tensile testing machine. Under the static load, the greatest pullout strength was seen with the novel threadless anchor inserted at 90° (mean, 105.6 N; standard deviation [SD], 3.5 N). The weakest pullout strength was seen with the threaded anchor inserted at 90° (mean, 87.9 N; SD, 4.1 N). In the cyclic load test, all six of the threaded anchors with a 90° insertion angle pulled out after 18 cycles (70 N). All of the threadless anchors inserted at 90° survived the cyclic test (90 N). In conclusion, the novel threadless suture anchor with rectangular cross-section and traditional threaded suture anchor had similar pullout survivorship when inserted at either 90° or 135°. In addition, the 3D printed threadless anchor has the potential for good bone integration to improve long-term stabilization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture, Fatigue and Creep of Advanced Materials)
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10 pages, 3000 KiB  
Article
The Investigation of the Fracture Behavior of a Chinese 9% Cr Steel Welded Joint under Creep-Fatigue Interactive Loading
by Yuebing Li, Yuxuan Song, Pan Liu and Ting Jin
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 9983; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219983 - 25 Oct 2021
Viewed by 1543
Abstract
To understand the premature-fracture mechanisms of long-term service damage of an advanced alloy’s (Chinese P92 steel) welded joint, the creep-fatigue (CF) experiments with holding times of 30, 120, 300, 600 and 900 s were individually performed at 923 K. The cyclic softening, inelastic-strain [...] Read more.
To understand the premature-fracture mechanisms of long-term service damage of an advanced alloy’s (Chinese P92 steel) welded joint, the creep-fatigue (CF) experiments with holding times of 30, 120, 300, 600 and 900 s were individually performed at 923 K. The cyclic softening, inelastic-strain amplitudes and stress-relaxation behaviors were compared between welded and base-metal (BM) specimens. From the results, the failure stage of the welded specimens occupies 45% of the lifetime fraction, while it only takes up 20% of the lifetime fraction in BM specimens with short holding times (30 and 120 s). Furthermore, only two softening stages were observed for both kinds of CF specimens with long holding times. The absence of a third softening stage in longer-held specimens indicates that the processes of macroscopic-crack initiation, propagation and rupture were accelerated. Based on the observation of the fracture surfaces, the fracture mechanism shifted from fatigue-dominated damage to creep-fatigue interaction when the holding period was increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture, Fatigue and Creep of Advanced Materials)
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13 pages, 3263 KiB  
Article
Characterization of the Microstructure and Surface Roughness Effects on Fatigue Life Using the Tanaka–Mura–Wu Model
by Xijia Wu, Philippe Kanz, Hassan Mahmoud, Jason Millar, Peyman Shabani and Jose Martinez Torres
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 9955; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219955 - 25 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has drawn tremendous interest in engineering applications because it offers almost unlimited possibilities of innovative structural design to save weight and optimize performance. However, fatigue properties are one of the limiting factors for structural applications of AM materials. The recently [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing (AM) has drawn tremendous interest in engineering applications because it offers almost unlimited possibilities of innovative structural design to save weight and optimize performance. However, fatigue properties are one of the limiting factors for structural applications of AM materials. The recently developed Tanaka–Mura–Wu (TMW) model is modified to include the microstructure and surface roughness factors, in addition to the material’s elastic modulus, surface energy and Burgers vector, to predict the fatigue curves as functions of stress or plastic strain for several typical AM materials as well as their conventional (wrought) counterpart. Furthermore, with statistical characterization of the microstructural effect, the model can be established to evaluate fatigue design allowables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture, Fatigue and Creep of Advanced Materials)
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