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Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020
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Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 43091

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Congo Tak Shing Ching

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
Interests: biomedical instrumentation design; biosensors; tissue bioimpedance; biomedical electronics; biomedical optoelectronic; non-invasive medical diagnostics; assistive technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Po-Liang Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate Institute of Precision Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
Interests: density functional theory and its application to the computational simulation and modeling of optical; vibrational, electronic, and thermoelastic properties of materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Engineering and technology plays an important role in our lives in the 21st century. In today’s technology-driven world, engineering is the cornerstone and driving force of equipment innovation that we use to improve the quality of life every day. This Special Issue explores the latest trends in engineering and technology research.

The ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020 provides a high-level forum platform for scholars, scientific delegates, industrial delegates, scientists, and researchers from all over the world to share their research achievements, explore the hot issues, and exchange new experiences and ideas in the field of engineering and technology.

This Special Issue will publish the latest engineering and technology research trends, including applications and advanced technologies. It covers several fields of engineering and their applications, such as biomedical engineering, precision engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, civil and environmental engineering, chemical and material engineering, computer engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, and other related topics. It also includes different fields of technology and their applications, such as assistive technology, information technology, biotechnology and nanotechnology, and other related topics.

We sincerely invite you to submit articles in the mode of original articles, review articles, short communications, letters to editors, etc., for this Special Issue. We would also like to sincerely thank all the participants for participating in these symposiums and your submissions. We look forward to exciting exchanges.

Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Dr. Bill Cheng (email: [email protected]).

We look forward to hearing from you.

The 2nd International Symposium on Engineering and Technology 2020 (ISET 2020) and The 1st International Symposium on Precision Engineering 2020 (ISPE 2020) will take place on 14–16 November 2020, in Nantou County, Taiwan.

Prof. Dr. Congo Tak Shing Ching
Prof. Dr. Po-Liang Liu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Biomedical engineering
  • Electrical and electronics engineering
  • Civil and environmental engineering
  • Chemical and material engineering
  • Computer engineering
  • Mechanical engineering
  • Industrial engineering
  • Assistive technology
  • Information technology
  • Biotechnology and nanotechnology
  • Control and automation engineering
  • Renewable energy
  • Cloud computing
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Computer vision and machine learning
  • Mechatronics and robotics
  • Embedded system, sensors, actuators
  • Optics
  • Precision manufacturing
  • Precision measurement
  • Precision inspection
  • Micromanufacturing and assembly technologies
  • Precision control
  • MEMS
  • Science and technology
  • Applied science, engineering, and technology
  • Automation science and engineering
  • Smart green technology
  • Nano science
  • Durable and thin membranes
  • Catalyst material synthesis
  • Characterization and modeling of fuel cell
  • Any other topic related to precision engineering

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Published Papers (16 papers)

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11 pages, 3118 KiB  
Article
Strain Induced Topological Insulator Phase in CsPbBrxI3−x (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) Perovskite: A Theoretical Study
by Jen-Chuan Tung, Yu-Hsuan Hsieh and Po-Liang Liu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5353; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125353 - 9 Jun 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2365
Abstract
First-principles density functional theory was used to determine the surface band structures of CsPbBrxI3−x (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) perovskites. The equilibrium lattice constants of CsPbBrxI3−x were obtained from the minimum of [...] Read more.
First-principles density functional theory was used to determine the surface band structures of CsPbBrxI3−x (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) perovskites. The equilibrium lattice constants of CsPbBrxI3−x were obtained from the minimum of the total energy as a function of the iodine concentration. We discovered that the band gaps of CsPbBrxI3−x decreased monotonically under pressure. The phase change from a normal insulator to a topological insulator was found at approximately 2–4 GPa. The Pbp- and Brs-orbitals inverted at the R symmetric point with and without spin–orbit coupling. Nontrivial Z2 topological numbers were obtained, and the surface conduction bands were demonstrated theoretically using a 1 × 1 × 10 supercell. We ascertained that CsPbBr2I has the largest electric polarization 0.025 C/m2 under a compression strain of 10%. We also observed that in the normal insulation phase, the band gap increases with a small displacement of the central Pb atom in the z-direction, but in the topological insulator phase, the band gap decreases with the movement of the Pb atom in the z-direction. Additionally, in the supercell structure, CsPbBrxI3−x is a ferroelectric topological insulator because the Pb atom leaves its own equilibrium position. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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10 pages, 3078 KiB  
Article
Influences of Work Function Changes in NO2 and H2S Adsorption on Pd-Doped ZnGa2O4(111) Thin Films: First-Principles Studies
by Jen-Chuan Tung, Ding-Yuan Wang, Yu-Hsuan Chen and Po-Liang Liu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5259; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115259 - 5 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2471
Abstract
The work function variations of NO2 and H2S molecules on Pd-adsorbed ZnGa2O4(111) were calculated using first-principle calculations. For the bonding of a nitrogen atom from a single NO2 molecule to a Pd atom, the maximum [...] Read more.
The work function variations of NO2 and H2S molecules on Pd-adsorbed ZnGa2O4(111) were calculated using first-principle calculations. For the bonding of a nitrogen atom from a single NO2 molecule to a Pd atom, the maximum work function change was +1.37 eV, and for the bonding of two NO2 molecules to a Pd atom, the maximum work function change was +2.37 eV. For H2S adsorption, the maximum work function change was reduced from −0.90 eV to −1.82 eV for bonding sulfur atoms from a single and two H2S molecules to a Pd atom, respectively. Thus, for both NO2 and H2S, the work function change increased with an increase in gas concentration, showing that Pd-decorated ZnGa2O4(111) is a suitable material in NO2/H2S gas detectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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10 pages, 2470 KiB  
Article
Microwave Performance, Microstructure, and Crystallization of (Mg0.6Zn0.4)1−yNiyTiO3 Ilmenite Ceramics
by Chun-Hsu Shen, Chung-Long Pan, Shih-Hung Lin and Cheng-Che Ho
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 2952; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11072952 - 25 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1639
Abstract
The sintering behavior, microstructure analysis, crystallization, and microwave performance of (Mg0.6Zn0.4)1−yNiyTiO3 (y = 0.01–0.2) ceramics, processed with raw powders of MgO, NiO, ZnO, and TiO2 via the conventional solid-state method, are investigated. The [...] Read more.
The sintering behavior, microstructure analysis, crystallization, and microwave performance of (Mg0.6Zn0.4)1−yNiyTiO3 (y = 0.01–0.2) ceramics, processed with raw powders of MgO, NiO, ZnO, and TiO2 via the conventional solid-state method, are investigated. The main phases of (Mg0.6Zn0.4)1−yNiyTiO3 ceramics were obtained. With partial replacement by Ni2+, the (Mg0.6Zn0.4)0.95Ni0.05TiO3 could be well sintered at 1200 °C, and the microwave performance was shown to be positively correlated with sintering temperature. The permittivity (εr) saturated at 18.7–19.3, and the quality factor (Qf) values approached 72,000–165,000 (GHz) as the sintering temperatures increase from 1125 to 1250 °C. The temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τf) falls in a stable range of −62.9 to −66 ppm/°C as sintering temperature rising. A permittivity (εr) of 19.3, a maximum Qf value of 165,000 (GHz), and a temperature coefficient (τf) of −65.4 ppm/°C were measured for the samples at 1200 °C/4 h. (Mg0.6Zn0.4)0.95Ni0.05TiO3 material system shows high potential for applications of high frequency-selection components in satellite communication and 5G wireless telecommunication systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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16 pages, 1544 KiB  
Article
Identification of Transcription Factors, Biological Pathways, and Diseases as Mediated by N6-methyladenosine Using Tensor Decomposition-Based Unsupervised Feature Extraction
by Y-h. Taguchi, S. Akila Parvathy Dharshini and M. Michael Gromiha
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010213 - 28 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2693
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) editing is the most common RNA modification known to contribute to various biological processes. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which m6A regulates transcription is unclear. Recently, it was proposed that m6A controls transcription through histone modification, although no comprehensive analysis [...] Read more.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) editing is the most common RNA modification known to contribute to various biological processes. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which m6A regulates transcription is unclear. Recently, it was proposed that m6A controls transcription through histone modification, although no comprehensive analysis using this dataset was performed. In this study, we applied tensor decomposition (TD)-based unsupervised feature extraction (FE) to a dataset composed of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and a human cancer cell line (HEC-1-A) and successfully identified two sets of genes significantly overlapping between humans and mice (63 significantly overlapped genes among a total of 16,763 genes common to the two species). These significantly overlapped genes occupy at most 10% genes from both gene sets. Using these two sets of genes, we identified transcription factors (TFs) that m6A might recruit, biological processes that m6A might contribute to, and diseases that m6A might cause; they also largely overlap with each other. Since they were commonly identified using two independent datasets, the results regarding these TFs, biological processes, and diseases should be highly robust and trustworthy. It will help us to understand the mechanisms by which m6A contributes to biological processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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10 pages, 3879 KiB  
Article
Effect of Iron Loading on the Catalytic Activity of Fe/N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Catalysts via Irradiation
by Kazi Rumanna Rahman, Kuan Ying Kok, Wai Yin Wong, Hsiharng Yang and Kean Long Lim
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010205 - 28 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3423
Abstract
The aim of this study is to produce noble-metal-free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst via irradiation. Gamma ray irradiation reduction has been utilized to produce N-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-supported iron (Fe)-based catalysts, whose weight percent (wt.%) of Fe loading varies from 10% [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to produce noble-metal-free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst via irradiation. Gamma ray irradiation reduction has been utilized to produce N-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-supported iron (Fe)-based catalysts, whose weight percent (wt.%) of Fe loading varies from 10% to 20%. In this study, the physicochemical properties of Fe/N-rGO with various loadings of Fe (10 wt.%, 15 wt.% and 20 wt.%) were explored through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD showed that a broad-peak nanocrystallite Fe2O3 phase formed. Raman spectroscopy revealed that Fe insertion increased the disordered GO structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated that N was functionalized into rGO. FESEM-EDX presented that Fe nanoparticles existed on the wrinkled rGO surface but their amount was low. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was performed with a rotating disk electrode in 0.1 M KOH at a scanning rate of 20 mVs−1 and revolution rates of 400, 900 and 1600 rpm and the corresponding electron transfer numbers were investigated with a Koutecky–Levich model. This model indicated that the number of electron transfers of 20% Fe/N-rGO was above 2 and its performance toward ORR was higher than those of 10% Fe/N-rGO and 15% Fe/N-rGO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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8 pages, 1524 KiB  
Article
Effect of Nitrogen on the Growth of (100)-, (110)-, and (111)-Oriented Diamond Films
by Jen-Chuan Tung, Tsung-Che Li, Yen-Jui Teseng and Po-Liang Liu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010126 - 24 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2535
Abstract
The aim of this research is the study of hydrogen abstraction reactions and methyl adsorption reactions on the surfaces of (100), (110), and (111) oriented nitrogen-doped diamond through first-principles density-functional calculations. The three steps of the growth mechanism for diamond thin films are [...] Read more.
The aim of this research is the study of hydrogen abstraction reactions and methyl adsorption reactions on the surfaces of (100), (110), and (111) oriented nitrogen-doped diamond through first-principles density-functional calculations. The three steps of the growth mechanism for diamond thin films are hydrogen abstraction from the diamond surface, methyl adsorption on the diamond surface, and hydrogen abstraction from the methylated diamond surface. The activation energies for hydrogen abstraction from the surface of nitrogen-undoped and nitrogen-doped diamond (111) films were −0.64 and −2.95 eV, respectively. The results revealed that nitrogen substitution was beneficial for hydrogen abstraction and the subsequent adsorption of methyl molecules on the diamond (111) surface. The adsorption energy for methyl molecules on the diamond surface was generated during the growth of (100)-, (110)-, and (111)-oriented diamond films. Compared with nitrogen-doped diamond (100) films, adsorption energies for methyl molecule adsorption were by 0.14 and 0.69 eV higher for diamond (111) and (110) films, respectively. Moreover, compared with methylated diamond (100), the activation energies for hydrogen abstraction were by 0.36 and 1.25 eV higher from the surfaces of diamond (111) and (110), respectively. Growth mechanism simulations confirmed that nitrogen-doped diamond (100) films were preferred, which was in agreement with the experimental and theoretical observations of diamond film growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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8 pages, 2045 KiB  
Article
InGaN Resonant-Cavity Light-Emitting Diodes with Porous and Dielectric Reflectors
by Cheng-Jie Wang, Ying Ke, Guo-Yi Shiu, Yi-Yun Chen, Yung-Sen Lin, Hsiang Chen and Chia-Feng Lin
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010008 - 22 Dec 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3674
Abstract
InGaN based resonant-cavity light-emitting diode (RC-LED) structures with an embedded porous-GaN/n-GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and a top dielectric Ta2O5/SiO2 DBR were demonstrated. GaN:Si epitaxial layers with high Si-doping concentration (n+-GaN:Si) in the 20-period n+ [...] Read more.
InGaN based resonant-cavity light-emitting diode (RC-LED) structures with an embedded porous-GaN/n-GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and a top dielectric Ta2O5/SiO2 DBR were demonstrated. GaN:Si epitaxial layers with high Si-doping concentration (n+-GaN:Si) in the 20-period n+-GaN/n-GaN stacked structure were transformed into a porous-GaN/n-GaN DBR structure through the doping-selective electrochemical wet etching process. The central wavelength and reflectivity were measured to be 434.3 nm and 98.5% for the porous DBR and to be 421.3 nm and 98.1% for the dielectric DBR. The effective 1λ cavity length at 432nm in the InGaN resonant-cavity consisted of a 30 nm-thick Ta2O5 spacer and a 148 nm-thick InGaN active layer that was analyzed from the angle-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra. In the optical pumping PL spectra, non-linear emission intensity and linewidths reducing effect, from 6.5 nm to 0.7 nm, were observed by varying the laser pumping power. Directional emission pattern and narrow linewidth were observed in the InGaN active layer with bottom porous DBR, top dielectric DBR, and the optimum spacer layer to match the short cavity structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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27 pages, 20675 KiB  
Article
Research on Vehicle Trajectory Prediction and Warning Based on Mixed Neural Networks
by Chih-Hsiung Shen and Ting-Jui Hsu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010007 - 22 Dec 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3350
Abstract
When driving on roads, the most important issue for driving is safety. There are various vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians, that increase the complexity of road conditions and the burden on drivers. In order to improve driving safety, a deep learning [...] Read more.
When driving on roads, the most important issue for driving is safety. There are various vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians, that increase the complexity of road conditions and the burden on drivers. In order to improve driving safety, a deep learning framework is applied to predict and announce the trajectory of a car. This research is divided into three parts. Lane line detection is adopted first. Secondly, car object detection is employed. Lastly, car trajectory prediction is a key part of our research. In addition, real images and videos in the driving recorder are used to simulate the real situation the driver sees from the driver’s seat. Car detection is utilized to obtain the coordinates of the car in these images, reaching an accuracy of 0.91 and then predicting the future trajectory of the car, obtaining a loss of 0.00024 and costing 12 milliseconds. It can precisely mark the position of the car, accurately detect the lane line, and predict the future car’s trajectory. Through the prediction and announcement of the car trajectory, we verified that our model can correctly predict the car trajectory and truly enhance the safety of driving. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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10 pages, 2070 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Ultrasound Texture Analysis to Assess the Spastic Muscles in Stroke Patients
by Peng-Ta Liu, Ta-Sen Wei and Congo Tak-Shing Ching
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010011 - 22 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2552
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of sonoelastography for determining echotexture in post-stroke patients. Moreover, the relationships of muscle echotexture features, muscle stiffness, and functional performance in spastic muscle were explored. The study population comprised 22 males with stroke. The echotexture features [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of sonoelastography for determining echotexture in post-stroke patients. Moreover, the relationships of muscle echotexture features, muscle stiffness, and functional performance in spastic muscle were explored. The study population comprised 22 males with stroke. The echotexture features (entropy and energy) of the biceps brachii muscles (BBM) in both arms were extracted by local binary pattern (LBP) from ultrasound images, whereas the stiffness of BBM was assessed by shear wave velocity (SWV) in the transverse and longitudinal planes. The Fugl–Meyer assessment (FMA) was used to assess the functional performance of the upper arm. The results showed that echotexture was more inhomogeneous in the paretic BBM than in the non-paretic BBM. SWV was significantly faster in paretic BBM than in non-paretic BBM. Both echotexture features were significantly correlated with SWV in the longitudinal plane. The feature of energy was significantly negatively correlated with FMA in the longitudinal plane and was significantly positively correlated with the duration from stroke onset in the transverse plane. The echotexture extracted by LBP may be a promising approach for quantitative assessment of the spastic BBM in post-stroke patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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9 pages, 2624 KiB  
Article
Intermediate Band Studies of Substitutional V2+, Cr2+, and Mn2+ Defects in ZnTe Alloys
by Jen-Chuan Tung, Bang-Wun Lin and Po-Liang Liu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8937; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248937 - 15 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1905
Abstract
We present first-principles total-energy density functional calculations to study the intermediate band states of substitutional V2+, Cr2+, and Mn2+ ions in ZnTe alloys. The intermediate band states of substitutional transition metal defects of TM2+xZn1− [...] Read more.
We present first-principles total-energy density functional calculations to study the intermediate band states of substitutional V2+, Cr2+, and Mn2+ ions in ZnTe alloys. The intermediate band states of substitutional transition metal defects of TM2+xZn1−xTe (TM = V, Cr, Mn) alloys are examined as their atomic, structural, and electronic analysis. Our findings show that the scissor-corrected transitions due to Jahn-Teller effects lead to the wavelengths 2530 nm and 2695 nm in the emission spectra. Our findings agree with previously reported experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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18 pages, 30276 KiB  
Article
Study on Electromigration Effects and IMC Formation on Cu–Sn Films Due to Current Stress and Temperature
by Zhao-Ying Wang, Nhat Minh Dang, Po-Hsun Wang, Terry Yuan-Fang Chen and Ming-Tzer Lin
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8893; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248893 - 13 Dec 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2547
Abstract
In this study, the effects of electromigration on a solder/copper substrate due to temperature and current density stress were investigated. The copper–tin (Cu–Sn) film samples were subjected under a fixed current and various heating conditions (130 °C and 180 °C) and current densities [...] Read more.
In this study, the effects of electromigration on a solder/copper substrate due to temperature and current density stress were investigated. The copper–tin (Cu–Sn) film samples were subjected under a fixed current and various heating conditions (130 °C and 180 °C) and current densities (different cross-sectional areas). The micro-structural changes and intermetallic compound (IMC) formation were observed, and failure phenomena (brittle cracks, voids, bumps, etc.) on the structures of samples were discussed. The results showed that the IMC thickness increased as the temperature and current density increased. Moreover, it was found that the higher the temperature and current density was, the greater the defects that were observed. By adjusting the designs of sample structures, the stress from the current density can be decreased, resulting in reduced failure phenomena, such as signal delay, distortion, and short circuiting after long-term use of the material components. A detailed IMC growth mechanism and defect formation were also closely studied and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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8 pages, 3390 KiB  
Article
Adsorption of NO2 and H2S on ZnGa2O4(111) Thin Films: A First-Principles Density Functional Theory Study
by Jen-Chuan Tung, Yi-Hung Chiang, Ding-Yuan Wang and Po-Liang Liu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8822; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248822 - 9 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1960
Abstract
We performed first-principles total-energy density functional calculations to study the reactions of NO2 and H2S molecules on Ga–Zn–O-terminated ZnGa2O4(111) surfaces. The adsorption reaction and work functions of eight NO2 and H2S adsorption models [...] Read more.
We performed first-principles total-energy density functional calculations to study the reactions of NO2 and H2S molecules on Ga–Zn–O-terminated ZnGa2O4(111) surfaces. The adsorption reaction and work functions of eight NO2 and H2S adsorption models were examined. The bonding of the nitrogen atom from a single NO2 molecule to the Ga atom of the Ga–Zn–O-terminated ZnGa2O4(111) surfaces exhibited a maximum work function change of +0.97 eV. The bond joining the sulfur atom from a single H2S molecule and the Ga atom of Ga–Zn–O-terminated ZnGa2O4(111) surfaces exhibited a maximum work function change of −1.66 eV. Both results concur with previously reported experimental observations for ZnGa2O4-based gas sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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8 pages, 2904 KiB  
Article
New Ternary Compounds of the Composition Cu2SnTi3 and Their Crystal Structures
by Sheng-Fang Huang, Yen-Cheng Chang and Po-Liang Liu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8776; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248776 - 8 Dec 2020
Viewed by 1827
Abstract
A new ternary compound Cu2SnTi3 has been synthesized by vacuum sintering at 900 °C. The atomic structures of CaCu5- and InNi2-like Cu2SnTi3 are calculated using density functional theory methods. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) [...] Read more.
A new ternary compound Cu2SnTi3 has been synthesized by vacuum sintering at 900 °C. The atomic structures of CaCu5- and InNi2-like Cu2SnTi3 are calculated using density functional theory methods. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns of the new ternary compound Cu2SnTi3 are considered to verify the atomic structures of CaCu5- and InNi2-like Cu2SnTi3. The results reveal that the InNi2-like Cu2SnTi3 model has the lowest total energy of −35.239 eV, representing the trigonal crystal structure. The orthorhombic crystal structure of the CaCu5-like Cu2SnTi3 model has the second lowest total energy of −33.926 eV. Our theoretical X-ray diffraction peak profiles of InNi2-like (CaCu5-like) Cu2SnTi3 are nearly identical to experimental one, leading to an error below 2.0% (3.0%). In addition, the hexagonal crystal structure of the CaCu5-like Cu2SnTi3 model has the highest total energy of −33.094 eV. The stability of the Cu2SnTi3 in terms of energy follows the order: the trigonal, orthorhombic, and hexagonal crystal structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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12 pages, 3198 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Application in Cell Imaging of Acridone Derivatives
by Yung-Chieh Chan, Chia-Ying Li, Chin-Wei Lai, Min-Wei Wu, Hao-Jui Tseng and Cheng-Chung Chang
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8708; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238708 - 4 Dec 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3050
Abstract
Tricyclic acridone derivatives have been extensively developed as antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antitumor drugs due to their broad spectrum of drug design and biological activity. In this study, we developed a surfactant-like acridone scaffold that contained two vinylpyridines and a dodecyl pyridine chain. The [...] Read more.
Tricyclic acridone derivatives have been extensively developed as antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antitumor drugs due to their broad spectrum of drug design and biological activity. In this study, we developed a surfactant-like acridone scaffold that contained two vinylpyridines and a dodecyl pyridine chain. The acridone scaffold decorated the dodecyl pyridine chain by N-bromosuccinimide reagent. The surfactant-like core scaffold incorporated with 4-vinylpyridines at the 2- and 7-positions via a Heck coupling reaction. Subsequently, the acridone derivatives were methylated onto these pyridine groups. Here we developed two similar acridone derivatives, MedAcd12C and MedAcd12P. The MedAcd12C incorporated two pyridine groups, and MedAcd12P incorporated three pyridine groups. MedAcd12C and MedAcd12P have two identical vinylpyridines and the different anchor tails at the N10 position. Their physicochemical properties, cell compatibility, and photoluminescence were demonstrated. Although both compounds have no fluorescence emission in water solution, MedAcd12P and MedAcd12C significantly appeared with orange light emission in the cellular imaging. We suggested that the surfactant-like scaffold promoted the drugs’ self-assembly and caused the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) after cellular uptake. This innovative design endowed acridone derivatives with an AIE and traceability for cell imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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12 pages, 2027 KiB  
Article
Parameters Adjustment Optimization for Prepreg of Copper Clad Laminate Based on Virtual Metrology
by Yiyo Kuo and Ssu-Han Chen
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8488; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238488 - 27 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2133
Abstract
In this research, virtual metrology models, which can estimate the quality characteristics based on the given manufacturing parameters, were developed by lasso regression and support vector regression. Then, the virtual metrology (VM) models were integrated into a mathematical model to minimize the adjustment [...] Read more.
In this research, virtual metrology models, which can estimate the quality characteristics based on the given manufacturing parameters, were developed by lasso regression and support vector regression. Then, the virtual metrology (VM) models were integrated into a mathematical model to minimize the adjustment of manufacturing parameters and ensure the corresponding quality characteristics that would meet the customers’ needs. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that developing the virtual metrology model by using integration of lasso regression and support vector regression and taking second order terms into consideration produces the best performance for estimating the quality characteristics. Moreover, the integrated mathematical model can provide manufacturing parameters that minimize the amount of adjustment and ensure that the quality characteristics equal their corresponding target values. The proposed methodology can reduce the setup times and consequently increase productivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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Review

Jump to: Research

27 pages, 3147 KiB  
Review
Mini-Review: Recent Technologies of Electrode and System in the Enzymatic Biofuel Cell (EBFC)
by Nabila A. Karim and Hsiharng Yang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5197; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115197 - 3 Jun 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3535
Abstract
Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) is one of the branches of fuel cells that can provide high potential for various applications. However, EBFC has challenges in improving the performance power output. Exploring electrode materials is one way to increase enzyme utilization and lead to [...] Read more.
Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) is one of the branches of fuel cells that can provide high potential for various applications. However, EBFC has challenges in improving the performance power output. Exploring electrode materials is one way to increase enzyme utilization and lead to a high conversion rate so that efficient enzyme loading on the electrode surface can function correctly. This paper briefly presents recent technologies developed to improve bio-catalytic properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, implantability, and mechanical flexibility in EBFCs. Among the combinations of materials that can be studied and are interesting because of their properties, there are various nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, and conductive polymers; all three have the advantages of chemical stability and enhanced electron transfer. The methods to immobilize enzymes, and support and substrate issues are also covered in this paper. In addition, the EBFC system is also explored and developed as suitable for applications such as self-pumping and microfluidic EBFC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ISET 2020 and ISPE 2020)
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