Applied Sciences

Research

17 pages, 4527 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating the Corrosion Inhibition Mechanisms of Alkanolammonium Salts: A Case Study with Ethylethanolammonium 4-Nitrobenzoate on Carbon Steel in Saline Solution

by Manuela Crisan, Cornelia Muntean, Yurii Chumakov and Nicoleta Plesu

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1832; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051832 - 23 Feb 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 923

Abstract

This study explores the potential corrosion inhibition mechanisms of alkanolammonium salts, exemplified by ethylethanolammonium 4-nitrobenzoate (EEA4NB), for carbon steel, utilizing experimental and theoretical methods. The interactions between metal and inhibitor, focusing on adsorption behavior in saline solutions, will be thoroughly investigated. Analysis of [...] Read more.

This study explores the potential corrosion inhibition mechanisms of alkanolammonium salts, exemplified by ethylethanolammonium 4-nitrobenzoate (EEA4NB), for carbon steel, utilizing experimental and theoretical methods. The interactions between metal and inhibitor, focusing on adsorption behavior in saline solutions, will be thoroughly investigated. Analysis of potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that the inhibition efficiency (IE) increases with the rising concentration of EEA4NB, reaching 96% at 5 × 10⁻³ M. Negative adsorption free energy and a high adsorption equilibrium constant suggest the spontaneous formation of a protective inhibitor layer on the metal surface, effectively blocking reaction sites and reducing the corrosion rate, according to the Langmuir isotherms model. As confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, physical and chemical interactions contribute to the adsorption mechanisms. Quantum chemical calculations explore the relationship between EEA4NB molecular configuration and inhibition efficiencies. The study emphasizes the potential efficacy of alkanolammonium salts, exemplified by EEA4NB, as effective corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in aggressive environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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14 pages, 3378 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Main Blown Film Extrusion Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of a High-Density Polyethylene Hexene Copolymer and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Butene Copolymer Blend Used for Plastic Bags

by Francisco Cuesta, Ana María Camacho and Eva María Rubio

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(22), 12164; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212164 - 9 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2704

Abstract

Polyethylene plastic bags manufactured via blown film extrusion have different quality specifications depending on their intended use. It is known that the mechanical properties of a film depend on the process parameters established, but little is known concerning how they affect one another, [...] Read more.

Polyethylene plastic bags manufactured via blown film extrusion have different quality specifications depending on their intended use. It is known that the mechanical properties of a film depend on the process parameters established, but little is known concerning how they affect one another, even more so due to the variety of polyethylene materials and processing techniques. This study focuses on establishing a proper correspondence of important mechanical properties like the dart impact, tensile strength at break, and elongation at break with commonly used process parameters like the blow-up ratio, take-up ratio, thickness reduction, and neck height, for a high-density polyethylene hexene copolymer and a linear low-density polyethylene butene copolymer blend film. Because this polyethylene mixture is an anisotropic material, interesting R² values equal to or higher than 0.90 were found: a BUR with elongation at break and tensile strength at break in the MD and TD, a TUR with elongation at break in the MD and tensile strength at break in the MD and TD, and a TR with elongation at break and tensile strength at break in the MD. Also, a relationship between the dart impact and both the neck height and thickness were found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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11 pages, 2503 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Solvent-Dispersible Nanostructured MIMI: An Experimental and Computational Study

by Angela Candreva, Giuseppe Di Maio, Giovanna Palermo, Alexa Guglielmelli, Giuseppe Strangi and Massimo La Deda

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 2982; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13052982 - 25 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1481

Abstract

A MIMI (metal–insulator-metal–insulator) nanoparticle was conceived and synthesized. It consists of a core of gold nanoparticles of different shapes, covered by a silica shell in turn covered by a layer of gold and finally by another silica shell. This hybrid nano-matryoshka, completely dispersed [...] Read more.

A MIMI (metal–insulator-metal–insulator) nanoparticle was conceived and synthesized. It consists of a core of gold nanoparticles of different shapes, covered by a silica shell in turn covered by a layer of gold and finally by another silica shell. This hybrid nano-matryoshka, completely dispersed in water, was characterized by UV–Vis and TEM spectroscopy, comparing the architecture and photophysical properties of each synthetic step. Through a numerical simulation, it was possible to study in depth the absorption and extinction cross sections, determining the role of the various layers. This is an example of architecture used in the construction of metamaterials, the first in the form of a water-dispersed nanoparticles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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13 pages, 4261 KiB

Open AccessArticle

β-Phosphonated Glycine Pendant Groups Grafted on Styrene-6.7% Divinylbenzene Copolymers: Synthesis and Their Application as Photocatalysts

by Adriana Popa, Laura Cocheci, Lavinia Lupa, Aniela Pop and Aurelia Visa

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 2025; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13032025 - 3 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1830

Abstract

Environmental pollution from organic contaminants caused by textile dyeing is a real danger. Wastewater from the textile industry has high organic loads, as well as dyes and chemical compounds used in their preparation. Among the azo dyes, Congo red (CR) dye is widely [...] Read more.

Environmental pollution from organic contaminants caused by textile dyeing is a real danger. Wastewater from the textile industry has high organic loads, as well as dyes and chemical compounds used in their preparation. Among the azo dyes, Congo red (CR) dye is widely used as a model in the experimental studies of textile wastewater treatment. Heterogeneous photocatalysis consists of UV or VIS light irradiation of various types of organic compounds in water in the presence of a solid catalyst; it is considered an important technique for the purification and reuse of aqueous effluents. In the present study, two novel compounds of β-phosphonate-type glycine pendant groups grafted on S-DVB copolymer were used for the decontamination of Congo red dye polluted water. They were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, EDX spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and UV-VIS spectroscopy. By using 25 mg/L initial concentration of Congo red dye and a catalyst concentration of 1 g/L and 240 min of irradiation, a photocatalysis efficiency of 98.6% in the case of [(diethyl)(phosphono)methylene]glycine pendant groups grafted on styrene-6.7% divinylbenzene copolymer (EthylAmAcid material), and of 83.1% in the case of [(dibenzyl)(phosphono)methylene]glycine pendant groups grafted on styrene-6.7% divinylbenzene copolymer (BenzylAmAcid material), respectively, was achieved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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14 pages, 3110 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pentacoordinated Liquid Crystalline Zn(II) Complex Organized in Smectic Mesophase: Synthesis, Structural and Electrochemical Properties

by Adelina A. Andelescu, Sorina Ilies (b. Motoc), Carmen Cretu, Evelyn Popa, Sorin Marinescu, Benoît Heinrich, Florica Manea, Sorina Negrea, Bertrand Donnio and Elisabeta I. Szerb

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8306; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168306 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1692

Abstract

The synthesis and structural characterization of a new liquid crystalline coordination complex based on pentacoordinated Zn(II) metal centre with the coordination fulfilled by the tridentate chelating N^N^N 2,2′;6′,2″-terpyridine ligand and two monoanionic gallates decorated with several long alkyl chains is described. The mesomorphic [...] Read more.

The synthesis and structural characterization of a new liquid crystalline coordination complex based on pentacoordinated Zn(II) metal centre with the coordination fulfilled by the tridentate chelating N^N^N 2,2′;6′,2″-terpyridine ligand and two monoanionic gallates decorated with several long alkyl chains is described. The mesomorphic properties were accurately investigated by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies. Despite the bulky coordination around the metal centre, the complex self-organizes into a smectic phase and, based on the structural and geometrical parameters, a model for the supramolecular organization in the liquid crystalline phase is proposed. Electrochemical investigations showed the importance of the molecular structure of the coordination complex in enhancing its aqueous sensing capacities: the bulky organic ligands form an organic shell separating the metal centres and favouring the redox system through their reduction followed by stripping. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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17 pages, 3452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Operating Parameters on Photocatalytic Oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorofenol in Aqueous Solution by TiO₂/Stainless Steel Photocatalytic Membrane

by Liliana Bobirică, Constantin Bobirică, Giovanina Iuliana Lupu and Cristina Orbeci

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11664; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411664 - 9 Dec 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1919

Abstract

The influence of some operating parameters of an UV photocatalytic reactor with TiO₂/stainless steel photocatalytic membrane on the photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solutions was studied in this paper. It was shown that the pH of the working solution substantially [...] Read more.

The influence of some operating parameters of an UV photocatalytic reactor with TiO₂/stainless steel photocatalytic membrane on the photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solutions was studied in this paper. It was shown that the pH of the working solution substantially influences the photocatalytic degradation of the organic substrate, with the degradation efficiency increasing with decreasing the pH of the working solution by a maximum corresponding to pH 3. The rate constant of the photocatalytic oxidation process is about twice as high at pH 3 comparative with pH 7 for the same initial concentration of the organic substrate. The molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide/organic substrate also influences the photocatalytic oxidation process of the organic substrate. The results obtained in this paper highlight the fact that a stoichiometric molar ratio is favorable for the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol. It has also been shown that the initial concentration of the organic substrate influences the rate of photocatalytic degradation. It appears that the rate of photocatalytic degradation decreases with the increasing of initial concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenol. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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10 pages, 1839 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

A Luminescent, Water-Soluble Ir(III) Complex as a Potential Photosensitizer for Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy

by Elisabeta I. Szerb, Sharmistha Chatterjee, Massimo La Deda, Giovanna Palermo, Lucie Sancey, Giuseppe Strangi and Loredana Ricciardi

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11596; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411596 - 7 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1982

Abstract

This work reports the study of two-photon induced properties of a highly luminescent cyclometalated Ir(III) complex, [Ir(ppy)₂(en)] OOCCH₃ (1), ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, en = ethylenediamine. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements were performed by exciting 1 at the biologically [...] Read more.

This work reports the study of two-photon induced properties of a highly luminescent cyclometalated Ir(III) complex, [Ir(ppy)₂(en)] OOCCH₃ (1), ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, en = ethylenediamine. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements were performed by exciting 1 at the biologically relevant wavelength of 800 nm, whereas, the generation of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was evaluated using 9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABDA) as a detection probe. Preliminary in vitro experiments with U87-MG cells were performed, showing the potential of this compound as a two-photon photodynamic therapy (2P-PDT) agent at NIR wavelengths. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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20 pages, 5245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adsorption of Anionic Dyes from Wastewater onto Magnetic Nanocomposite Powders Synthesized by Combustion Method

by Maria-Andreea Nistor, Simona Gabriela Muntean, Robert Ianoș, Roxana Racoviceanu, Cătălin Ianași and Liliana Cseh

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 9236; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199236 - 4 Oct 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2650

Abstract

In the present study, new magnetic nanocomposites were successfully prepared by combustion method, characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, N₂ adsorption–desorption thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, and tested as adsorbents for the removal of anionic dyes (Acid [...] Read more.

In the present study, new magnetic nanocomposites were successfully prepared by combustion method, characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, N₂ adsorption–desorption thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, and tested as adsorbents for the removal of anionic dyes (Acid Yellow 42 and Acid Red 213) from aqueous solutions. The influence of process variables solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration and temperature on the adsorption was evaluated. The best kinetic model that fitted with experimental data was a pseudo-second order model, and the equilibrium data were correlated by Langmuir isotherm model for the investigated dyes. Maximum removal efficiencies of 98.54% and 97.58% was obtained for Acid Yellow 42 and Acid Red 213, respectively, indicating the superior adsorption capacity of the new synthesized magnetic nanocomposites. The thermodynamic parameters indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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13 pages, 5687 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Innovative Biotechnology for Generation of Cardiac Tissue

by Greta Ionela Barbulescu, Florina Maria Bojin, Valentin Laurentiu Ordodi, Iacob Daniel Goje, Taddeus Paul Buica, Oana Isabella Gavriliuc, Flavia Baderca, Teodora Hoinoiu and Virgil Paunescu

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5603; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125603 - 17 Jun 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2756

Abstract

Heart transplantation remains the only curative treatment for end-stage heart failure. This life-saving option continues to be limited by the low number of organ donors, graft rejection and adverse effects of immunosuppressants. Engineering bioartificial hearts from acellular native-derived scaffolds and stem cells has [...] Read more.

Heart transplantation remains the only curative treatment for end-stage heart failure. This life-saving option continues to be limited by the low number of organ donors, graft rejection and adverse effects of immunosuppressants. Engineering bioartificial hearts from acellular native-derived scaffolds and stem cells has gained attention because of its potential to overcome these limitations. In this study, rat hearts (n = 20) were decellularized by means of coronary perfusion with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in a modified Langendorff device. The electrical field behavior of the SDS molecule was studied and it was assumed that when applying an alternating current, the exposure time of the tissue to the detergent might decrease. To repopulate the decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM), human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were used, induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs) with 5-azacytidine (5-aza). The results showed no cellular debris and an intact ECM following decellularization. Decellularization in the presence of an electric field proved to be faster, decreasing the potential risk of ECM damage due to the detergent. After cell seeding and culturing of eight scaffolds with hMSCs, the recellularization process was analyzed using optic microscopy (OM), which showed cells suggestive for CMs. This study presents a novel and efficient decellularization protocol using an electric field and suggests that hMSCs can be useful in the generation of a bioartificial heart. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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8 pages, 937 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Short-Term Outcomes of Multiwave Locked System (MLS) Laser Therapy versus a Combination of Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation and Ultrasound Treatment for Subacromial Pain Syndrome

by Elena Sirbu, Roxana Ramona Onofrei, Teodora Hoinoiu and Radu Petroman

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(5), 2273; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052273 - 4 Mar 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4302

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes of the Multiwave Locked System (MLS) laser therapy versus the combined Transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) and ultrasound therapy in the treatment of the subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Forty-seven patients with SAPS were [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes of the Multiwave Locked System (MLS) laser therapy versus the combined Transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) and ultrasound therapy in the treatment of the subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Forty-seven patients with SAPS were included in the study. Two different rehabilitation protocols were tested: Group 1 (n = 22)–MLS laser therapy and physical exercises and Group 2 (n = 25)–TENS, ultrasound and physical exercises. The analyzed outcomes were levels of pain, functionality and disability, assessed with visual analog scale (VAS), Constant Shoulder Score (CSS) and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The post-treatment evaluations showed significantly better scores in Group 1 patients for VAS score (p = 0.03) and SPADI (p = 0.04). Significant improvement was seen in both groups for all scores. Both treatment regimens showed to be efficient in the treatment of SAPS, improving functionality and reducing pain and disability in the short term. Multiwave Locked System laser therapy in conjunction with physical exercise therapy exercises may have advantages over TENS, ultrasound and physical exercise therapy in the treatment of subacromial pain syndrome. Future studies assessing both short- and long-term outcomes in patients with SAPS treated with different electrotherapy procedures added to the physical therapy are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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16 pages, 4899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Internal Structure of the Sorbents on Diazepam Sorption from Simulated Intestinal Fluid

by Mircea Stefan, Ioana Stefan, Ioana-Alexandra Negoita, Viorel Ordeanu and Daniela Simina Stefan

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1158; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031158 - 27 Jan 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1876

Abstract

The capacity of natural Na-montmorillonite and activated charcoal for sorption of diazepam from simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was studied. The main characteristics of the sorbents were determined. In order to characterize the sorption process of diazepam the influence of the pH, contact time [...] Read more.

The capacity of natural Na-montmorillonite and activated charcoal for sorption of diazepam from simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was studied. The main characteristics of the sorbents were determined. In order to characterize the sorption process of diazepam the influence of the pH, contact time and ethanol presence in SIF was analyzed. Adsorption isotherms for the diazepam-activated charcoal and diazepam-natural Na-montmorillonite systems were determined. The Langmuir isotherm model provided a very good description of diazepam sorption. Furthermore, the pH-drift method was used to determine the specific pH at zero point of charge (pHzpc) of the sorbents. The obtained results show that the internal structure of the sorbents and pH of the SIF solutions are very important for diazepam sorption. Both the surface of the activated charcoal and natural Na-montmorillonite are positively charged below the pHzpc so the sorption of diazepam is higher below this point and occur by van der Waals forces. The presence of ethanol in simulated intestinal fluid lowers the adsorption of diazepam on both sorbents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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8 pages, 248 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Psychostimulant and Non-Psychostimulant Drug Therapy in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

by Adriana Cojocaru, Lavinia Maria Hogea, Vladimir Poroch, Mihaela Adriana Simu, Virgil Radu Enatescu, Roxana Jeleriu, Nicoleta Ioana Andreescu, Maria Puiu, Bogdan Gheorghe Hogea, Mirela Grigoras, Roxana Folescu, Carmen Lăcrămioara Zamfir, Ileana Enatescu and Laura Alexandra Nussbaum

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020502 - 6 Jan 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3770

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological behavioral disorder of the child, adolescent, and adult characterized by problems of concentration, hyperactivity, and impulsivity caused by an imbalance of chemical neurotransmitters in the brain—dopamine and noradrenaline. ADHD first-line drugs are divided in psychostimulant, [...] Read more.

Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological behavioral disorder of the child, adolescent, and adult characterized by problems of concentration, hyperactivity, and impulsivity caused by an imbalance of chemical neurotransmitters in the brain—dopamine and noradrenaline. ADHD first-line drugs are divided in psychostimulant, as Methylphenidate and Amphetamines and non-psychostimulant medications-Atomoxetine (the only representative non-psychostimulant medication approved in our country in children and adolescents). The purpose of our research was to assess the clinical evolution of patients with ADHD based on the drug treatment that is administered: psychostimulant or non-psychostimulant. Both psychostimulant—Methylphenidate, and non-psychostimulant therapy—Atomoxetine, proved to significantly improve the symptoms of attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder. There was a significant reduction in the severity of ADHD symptoms at six months and at one year from the start of treatment in the case of the psychostimulant group, whereas in the non-psychostimulant group, the significant reduction in severity of symptomatology occurs only at six months after the start of treatment. We can conclude that both types of drugs are effective in reducing the severity of symptoms and in improving the clinical condition of patients with ADHD, but the comparative analysis of the two groups demonstrated that significantly better results are obtained with psychostimulant treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

8 pages, 236 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors and Anticoagulants Delay Surgery for Hip Fractures

by Oana Suciu, Bogdan Deleanu, Horia Haragus, Teodora Hoinoiu, Cristina Tudoran, Adrian Todor, Andrei Ghiorghitoiu, Nevena Velimirovici and Roxana Ramona Onofrei

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8617; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238617 - 2 Dec 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2046

Abstract

Background: we aimed to analyze the influence of antithrombotic medication in delaying surgery for fragility hip fractures; Method: a total of 312 consecutive hip fracture cases over 55 years who underwent surgery in our Orthopedic Clinic; Results: of these, 90 patients received chronic [...] Read more.

Background: we aimed to analyze the influence of antithrombotic medication in delaying surgery for fragility hip fractures; Method: a total of 312 consecutive hip fracture cases over 55 years who underwent surgery in our Orthopedic Clinic; Results: of these, 90 patients received chronic antithrombotic medication. There were no differences between the medicated group and controls (n = 222) regarding age, gender, type of fracture and haemoglobin at admittance. However, median time to surgery was significantly longer in the medicated group: 4(3–6) days compared to 2(1–4) (p < 0.0001). By type of medication, time to surgery was: 3(1–4) days for acetylsalicylic acid (n = 44), 6(5.25–7.75) days for clopidogrel (n = 15), 4.5(4–7) days for acenocoumarin (n = 18) and 5(4–7.25) days for novel direct oral anticoagulants (n = 13). The Charlson comorbidity index was significantly higher in the medicated group: 5 [4–5] versus 4 [3–5]. There were no differences in transfusions except for fresh frozen plasma, which was administered more in the medicated patients; Conclusions: the prevalence of platelet aggregation inhibitors and anticoagulant use among fragility hip fracture patients is high, with almost a third using some form of antithrombotic medication. This may significantly lengthen time to surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

15 pages, 5194 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Water in the Presence of a Pd-Containing Exhausted Adsorbent

by Lavinia Lupa, Laura Cocheci, Bogdan Trica, Adina Coroaba and Adriana Popa

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8440; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238440 - 26 Nov 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2411

Abstract

A closed-cycle technology regarding the use of an exhausted Pd-based adsorbent as a photocatalyst in the degradation process of phenol is presented. Pd (II) represents a precious metal of great economic importance. Its obtained from natural sources become more difficult to achieve. Therefore, [...] Read more.

A closed-cycle technology regarding the use of an exhausted Pd-based adsorbent as a photocatalyst in the degradation process of phenol is presented. Pd (II) represents a precious metal of great economic importance. Its obtained from natural sources become more difficult to achieve. Therefore, also considering the regulations of the “circular economy,” its recovery from secondary sources turn out to be a stringent issue in the last years. Pd(II) ions are removed from aqueous solution through adsorption onto Florisil (an inorganic solid support—magnesium silicate) impregnated with Cyphos IL 101 (trihexyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride). It was observed that the presence of the ionic liquid (IL) in the adsorbent structure doubles the adsorption efficiency of the studied materials. The newly obtained Pd-based photocatalyst was exhaustively characterized and was used in the degradation process of phenol from aqueous solutions. The phenol degradation process was studied in terms of the nature of the photocatalyst used, time of photodegradation and solid: liquid ratio. It was observed that both the presence of IL and Pd lead to an increase in the efficiency of the phenol degradation process. The new Pd-based photocatalyst could be efficiently used in more cycles of phenol photodegradation processes. When is used as a photocatalyst the Florisil impregnated with IL and loaded with 2 mg/g of Pd, a degree of mineralization of 93.75% is obtained after 180 min of irradiation of a phenol solution having a concentration of 20 mg/L and using a solid:liquid ratio = 1:1. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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14 pages, 2922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Highly Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Detection of Glucose at MWCNT-CuBTC Composite Electrode

by Adriana Remes, Florica Manea, Sorina Motoc (m. Ilies), Anamaria Baciu, Elisabeta I. Szerb, Jorge Gascon and Georgiana Gug

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8419; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238419 - 26 Nov 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2860

Abstract

A novel electrochemical glucose sensor was developed, based on a multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (CuBTC)-epoxy composite electrode, named MWCNT-CuBTC. The electrode nanocomposite was prepared by a two-roll mill procedure and characterized morphostructurally by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CuBTC formed defined crystals [...] Read more.

A novel electrochemical glucose sensor was developed, based on a multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (CuBTC)-epoxy composite electrode, named MWCNT-CuBTC. The electrode nanocomposite was prepared by a two-roll mill procedure and characterized morphostructurally by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CuBTC formed defined crystals with a wide size distribution, which were well dispersed and embedded in the MWCNTs. Its electrical conductivity was determined by four-point probe contact (DC) conductivity measurements. The electroactive surface area, determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), was found to be 6.9 times higher than the geometrical one. The results of the electrochemical measurements using CV, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry (CA) and multiple pulse amperometry (MPA) showed that the MWCNT-CuBTC composite electrode displayed high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of glucose and, as a consequence, very high sensitivity. The best sensitivity of 14,949 µAmM⁻¹cm⁻¹ was reached using MPA at the potential value of 0.6 V/SCE, which was much higher in comparison with other copper-based electrodes reported in the literature. The good analytical performance, low cost and simple preparation method make this novel electrode material promising for the development of an effective glucose sensor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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8 pages, 530 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio with Patient Reported Outcomes in Knee Osteoarthritis

by Marius Ioniţescu, Dinu Vermeşan, Horia Haraguș, Oana Suciu, Adrian Todor, Cristian V. Dumitrașcu, Romeo Negrea, Teodora Hoinoiu, Daniela Radu and Dan Fruja

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8173; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228173 - 18 Nov 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2103

Abstract

Background: Determining the association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and clinical disease severity in patients with mild and advanced stage knee osteoarthritis (OA).Method: We analyzed clinical scores and routine hematology panels of 111 subjects with symptomatic knee degeneration: mild OA (66) who [...] Read more.

Background: Determining the association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and clinical disease severity in patients with mild and advanced stage knee osteoarthritis (OA).Method: We analyzed clinical scores and routine hematology panels of 111 subjects with symptomatic knee degeneration: mild OA (66) who underwent knee arthroscopy and advanced OA (45) who had total replacement. Results: Compared to the advanced OA group, the mild OA group was younger (54/67), had fewer females (1.75/5.43), and better scores: Euroqol EQ5D Index (0.50/0.25), VAS (visual analog scale) (65/44); International knee documentation committee subjective knee evaluation form—IKDC (31.6/20.24); Knee disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement—KOOSJR (15.5/18.3); and better Kellgren–Lawrence stage (1.3/3.8). Patients with advanced disease had higher NLRs compared to mild OA group and controls: 2.82 versus 1.99 (p = 0.004) and 1.98 (p = 0.002). In the multiple regression model, NLR was only influenced by age (p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, for the early OA cases, NLR was significantly dependent to VAS (p = 0.006), IKDC (p = 0.001) and KOOSJR (p < 0.001). Conclusion: NLR was not associated with symptomatic knee OA, as determined by commonly used patient reported outcomes. However, for patients with mild degenerative modifications, EQ5D, VAS, and IKDC were independent predictors of NLR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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Review

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20 pages, 5013 KiB

Open AccessReview

Chiral Chromonics Confined in Spherical Geometries

by Maria Penelope De Santo, Lorenza Spina and Federica Ciuchi

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4507; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074507 - 2 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1513

Abstract

Chromonic liquid crystals have recently received a lot of attention due to their spontaneous self-assembly in supramolecular columnar structures that, depending on their concentration in water, align to form a nematic liquid crystalline phase. The chirality may be induced in chromonics by adding [...] Read more.

Chromonic liquid crystals have recently received a lot of attention due to their spontaneous self-assembly in supramolecular columnar structures that, depending on their concentration in water, align to form a nematic liquid crystalline phase. The chirality may be induced in chromonics by adding chiral moieties to the nematic phase or enhanced by confining them in curved geometrical constraints. This review summarizes the recent research developments on chiral chromonic liquid crystals confined in spherical geometry, relating the results to what was observed for thermotropic liquid crystals in the same conditions. The review focuses on the studies carried out on commercially available nematic chromonics, investigating the effects on their topologies in different anchoring conditions and different chiral dopants and suggesting an application in the sensor field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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Open AccessCase Report

Skin-Reducing Mastectomy and Immediate Reconstruction for a Large Recurrent Borderline Phyllodes Tumor

by Daciana Grujic, Horia Cristian, Teodora Hoinoiu, Codruta Diana Miclauș, Simona Cerbu, Ljubisa Grujic and Cristina Oprean

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031224 - 29 Jan 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2554

Abstract

Background: Large recurrent phyllodes breast tumors are often malignant. Therefore, when taking the surgical decision, a simple mastectomy and immediate reconstruction must be considered. Case presentation: The patient, aged 40 years, with a benign phyllodes tumor in the left breast, having a recurrence [...] Read more.

Background: Large recurrent phyllodes breast tumors are often malignant. Therefore, when taking the surgical decision, a simple mastectomy and immediate reconstruction must be considered. Case presentation: The patient, aged 40 years, with a benign phyllodes tumor in the left breast, having a recurrence 2 years after, with 4–7 cm conglomerate tumor masses, was subjected to skin-reducing mastectomy, breast reconstruction with a silicone mammary implant in the left breast, and symmetrization of the right breast. Discussion and conclusions: In the case of patients with breast hypertrophy and gigantomastia (cup size D–F), skin-reducing mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with an implant can be the option. It is important for the resection specimen to include the skin tissue above the tumor. After 14 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence of the lesions on a clinical examination, ultrasonography, or MRI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Functional and Multifunctional Advanced Materials)

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