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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 24824

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Pingjuan Niu

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Guest Editor

School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
Interests: new semiconductor optoelectronic devices and integration; power power electronic device technology; smart sensors and system integration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Li Pei

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Guest Editor

Institute of Lightwave Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: special optical fibers, optoelectronic devices and optical fiber sensing; information security all-optical network based on optical path exchange; information processing and artificial intelligence; electromagnetic field and microwave technology; communication engineering

Prof. Dr. Yunhui Mei

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
Interests: power electronic devices

Prof. Dr. Hua Bai

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Guest Editor

School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
Interests: optoelectronic detections; biophotonics

Dr. Jia Shi

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Guest Editor

Associate Professor, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
Interests: microwave and terahertz photonics; optical fiber sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to announce a new Special Issue of Applied Sciences devoted to optoelectronic materials, devices, and applications. It will cover both the theoretical and experimental advances of optoelectronic materials and devices especially about semiconductor, integrated photonics, fiber optics, power electronic devices, microwave, and terahertz technology. Particularly welcome will be works focused on applications in sensors, detections, and imaging. Taking into account that a validation of a supposition is usually realized via a cross-check, the use of combined approaches is also welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Pingjuan Niu
Prof. Dr. Li Pei
Prof. Dr. Yunhui Mei
Prof. Dr. Hua Bai
Dr. Jia Shi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

semiconductor
integrated photonics
fiber optics and photonics
power electronic devices
microwave and terahertz
bio-optoelectronics
optoelectronic detection and imaging

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Related Special Issues

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Next-Generation Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices and Materials in Applied Sciences (1 article)

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 171 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications

by Pingjuan Niu, Li Pei, Yunhui Mei, Hua Bai and Jia Shi

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7514; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137514 - 25 Jun 2023

Viewed by 2125

Abstract

This Special Issue entitled “Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications” is devoted to gathering a broad array of research papers on the latest advances in the development of optoelectronic materials and devices of semiconductors, fiber optics, power electronics, microwaves, and terahertz [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

Research

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10 pages, 2206 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Analysis and Verification of the Influence on the Elastic Recovery Coefficient of Wheat

by Jizhong Wang, Weipeng Zhang, Fengzhu Wang, Yangchun Liu, Bo Zhao and Xianfa Fang

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5481; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095481 - 28 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1200

Abstract

To establish a collision model of wheat grains impacting a force plate with a piezoelectric sensor, and to investigate the influence of the elastic recovery coefficient on the sensor’s detection accuracy during the collision process, this study employed object kinematic principles to construct a wheat elastic recovery coefficient measurement device. This device ascertains the elastic properties of wheat during collisions and determines the elastic recovery coefficient of the wheat collision model. The wheat variety Jinan No. 17 was selected for testing, and the effects of the contact material, grain drop height, material thickness, and grain moisture content on the collision recovery coefficient during the collision process were analyzed through single-factor and multi-factor experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the collision recovery coefficient of wheat grains increases with the stiffness of the collision materials for different materials. The grain recovery coefficient of wheat exhibits a downward trend with increasing falling height and moisture content, while it tends to rise as the material thickness increases. Data analysis and comparison reveal that, given the determination of the collision material, the moisture content of wheat exerts the most significant effect on the elastic recovery coefficient, followed by material thickness, while the influence of falling height is less pronounced. The findings of this study can provide data support for simulation testing and product design of wheat combine harvester cleaning screen body mechanisms and wheat seeders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

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13 pages, 3592 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photothermal Determination of the Surface Treatment of Cd_1-xBe_xTe Mixed Crystals

by Jacek Zakrzewski, Karol Strzałkowski, Mohammed Boumhamdi, Agnieszka Marasek, Ali Abouais and Daniel M. Kamiński

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2113; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042113 - 7 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1465

Abstract

Cd_1−xBe_xTe, a new material with potential for X-ray and γ-ray detectors, was analyzed by photothermal piezoelectric spectroscopy. The samples were tested depending on beryllium content and surface preparation. The main aim of the measurements was to extract the energy gap values, which were found for x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1. It was shown that mechanical (polishing) and chemical (etching) treatment strongly influenced the amplitude and phase spectra of CdBeTe crystals. Piezoelectric spectroscopy allowed for comparing the quality of preparation of both surfaces for a single sample. The sub-surface damaged layer that was created as a result of surface processing had different thermal parameters than the bulk part of the sample. It was responsible for the additional peaks in the amplitude spectrum and changes in the phase spectrum of the photothermal signal. Two different methods of sample etching were analyzed. One completely quenched the signal, and the other did not eliminate the defects present on the surface after the cutting process. The article presents the preliminary interpretation of experimental data using the modified Blonskij model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

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8 pages, 2172 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Adhesive Force Measurement between Single μLED and Substrate Based on Atomic Force Microscope

by Jie Bai, Pingjuan Niu, Shinan Cao and Qiang Liu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9480; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199480 - 21 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2020

Abstract

Compared with traditional liquid crystal and organic light emitting diode (OLED), micro light emitting diode (μLED) has advantages in brightness, power consumption, and response speed. It has important applications in microelectronics, micro-electro-mechanical systems, biomedicine, and sensor systems. μLED massive transfer method plays an important role in these applications. However, the existing μLED massive transfer method is faced with the problem of low yield. To better transfer the μLED, the force value detached from the substrate needs to be measured. Atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to measure the force of a single μLED when it detached from the substrate. The μLED was glued to the front of the cantilever. When a single μLED was in contact with or detached from the Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the maximum pull-off force can be obtained. The force at different peel speeds and preload was measured, and the experimental results show that the separation force between a single μLED and PDMS substrate is not only related to the peel speeds, but also related to the preload. The force values under different peel speeds and preload were measured to lay a theoretical foundation for better design of μLED massive transfer system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

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9 pages, 1814 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low-Frequency Terahertz Photonic Crystal Waveguide with a Lilac-Shaped Defect Based on Stereolithography 3D Printing

by Jia Shi, Yiyun Ding, Longhuang Tang, Xiuyan Li, Hua Bai, Xianguo Li, Wei Fan, Pingjuan Niu, Weiling Fu, Xiang Yang and Jianquan Yao

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8333; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168333 - 20 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1915

Abstract

Terahertz (THz) photonic crystal (PC) waveguides show promise as an efficient and versatile waveguiding platform for communication, sensing, and imaging. However, low-frequency THz PC waveguides with a low-cost and easy fabrication remain challenging. To address this issue, a THz PC waveguide with a lilac-shaped defect has been designed and fabricated by 3D printing based on stereolithography (SLA). The reflection and transmission characteristics of the proposed waveguide have been analyzed using the finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) method. The waveguide spectral response is further optimized by changing the distance of the lilac-shaped resonant cavities. Consistent with the results of numerical modeling, the measured results show that the waveguide performs a resonant reflection in the region of 0.2 to 0.3 THz and low-pass transmission in the 6G mobile communication window. Furthermore, in order to characterize the performance of the proposed waveguide, parameters have been analyzed, including the Q factor, resonant frequency, and bandwidth. This work supplies a novel pathway for the design and fabrication of a low-frequency THz PC waveguide with potential applications in communication, sensing, and imaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

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11 pages, 2910 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strain Relaxation Effect on the Peak Wavelength of Blue InGaN/GaN Multi-Quantum Well Micro-LEDs

by Chaoqiang Zhang, Ke Gao, Fei Wang, Zhiming Chen, Philip Shields, Sean Lee, Yanqin Wang, Dongyan Zhang, Hongwei Liu and Pingjuan Niu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7431; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157431 - 24 Jul 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2784

Abstract

In this paper, the edge strain relaxation of InGaN/GaN MQW micro-pillars is studied. Micro-pillar arrays with a diameter of 3–20 μm were prepared on a blue GaN LED wafer by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching. The peak wavelength shift caused by edge strain relaxation was tested using micro-LED pillar array room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum measurements. The results show that there is a nearly 3 nm peak wavelength shift between the micro-pillar arrays, caused by a high range of the strain relaxation region in the small size LED pillar. Furthermore, a 19 μm micro-LED pillar’s Raman spectrum was employed to observe the pillar strain relaxation. It was found that the Raman E₂^H mode at the edge of the micro-LED pillar moved to high frequency, which verified an edge strain relaxation of = 0.1%. Then, the exact strain and peak wavelength distribution of the InGaN quantum wells were simulated by the finite element method, which provides effective verification of our PL and Raman strain relaxation analysis. The results and methods in this paper provide good references for the design and analysis of small-size micro-LED devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

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9 pages, 2746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High Repetition Rate, Tunable Mid-Infrared BaGa₄Se₇ Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped by a 1 μm Nd:YAG Laser

by Yixin He, Chao Yan, Kai Chen, Degang Xu, Jining Li, Kai Zhong, Yuye Wang, Rui Yao, Jiyong Yao and Jianquan Yao

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7197; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147197 - 17 Jul 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2040

Abstract

A tunable and compact mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on BaGa₄Se₇ (BGSe) crystal with a repetition rate up to 250 Hz was demonstrated. A high energy and more approachable side-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was employed as the pump for the BGSe OPO. Due to the pump double-pass single-resonant oscillator (DP-SRO) configuration, the maximum average power of 250 mW and the maximum pulse energy of 1.28 mJ at 4.06 μm was achieved with the repetition rate of 250 Hz and 100 Hz, respectively. The tunable mid-infrared output from 3.42–4.73 μm was obtained. The influence of repetition rate and cavity length was studied and the thermal effect was analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

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10 pages, 3440 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Reliable Way to Improve Electrochemical Migration (ECM) Resistance of Nanosilver Paste as a Bonding Material

by Zikun Ding, Zhichao Wang, Bowen Zhang, Guo-Quan Lu and Yun-Hui Mei

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4748; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094748 - 9 May 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2910

Abstract

Electrochemical migration (ECM) of sintered nano-Ag could be a serious reliability concern for power devices with high-density packaging. An anti-ECM nano-Ag-SiO_x paste was proposed by doping 0.1wt% SiO_x nanoparticles rather than previously used expensive noble metals, e.g., palladium. The ECM lifetime of the sintered nano-Ag-SiO_x was 1.5 to 3 times longer than that of the sintered nano-Ag, due to the fact that the SiO_x could protect the Ag from oxidation. The thermo-mechanical reliability of the sintered nano-Ag-SiO_x was also improved by sintering under 5 MPa assisted pressure. The lesser porosity and smaller grain boundaries of the sintered nano-Ag-SiO_x could also be beneficial to retard the silver ECM. In the end, a double-sided semiconductor device was demonstrated to validate the better resistance to the ECM using the sintered nano-Ag-SiO_x. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

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9 pages, 1086 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sparse Weighting for Pyramid Pooling-Based SAR Image Target Recognition

by Shaona Wang, Yang Liu and Linlin Li

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3588; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073588 - 1 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1367

Abstract

In this study, a novel feature learning method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image automatic target recognition is presented. It is based on spatial pyramid matching (SPM), which represents an image by concatenating the pooling feature vectors that are obtained from different resolution sub-regions. This method exploits the dependability of obtaining the weighted pooling features generated from SPM sub-regions. The dependability is determined by the residuals obtained from sparse representation. This method aims at enhancing the weights of the pooling features generated in the sub-regions located in the target and suppressing the weights of the background. The feature representation for SAR image target recognition is discriminative and robust to speckle noise and background clutter. Experiments performed on the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition public dataset prove the advantageous performance of the presented algorithm over several state-of-the-art methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

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19 pages, 4977 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Characteristics of Copper Foil Three-Electrode Planar Spark Gap High Voltage Switch Integrated with EFI

by Kehua Han, Wanjun Zhao, Peng Deng, Enyi Chu and Qingjie Jiao

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 1989; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041989 - 14 Feb 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2826

Abstract

In view of the low-energy explosion foil detonation system’s requirements for the integration technology of high-voltage switches and technical overload resistance technology, a magnetron sputtering coater is used to sputter copper film on the surface of the substrate. The thickness is 4.0 μm, the radius of the main electrode is 4 mm, the trigger electrode is 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm, and the main gaps are 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm mm, 1.8 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.2 mm, and 2.6 mm. Copper foil three-electrode planar spark gap high voltage switches are designed and manufactured; and the static self-breakdown characteristics, dynamic operating characteristics, and discharge life characteristics of the three-electrode planar spark gap high voltage switch based on copper foil are studied in this paper. The test results show that with the increase of the main electrode gap from 0.8 mm to 2.6 mm, the self-breakdown voltage of the planar spark gap switch increases, and the working voltage also increases. When the main electrode gap is a maximum of 2.6 mm, the self-breakdown voltage of the switch can reach 3480 V, which indicates that the maximum operating voltage of the switch is 3480 V. When the charging voltage is 2.0 kV, with the increase of the main electrode gap from 0.8 mm to 2.6 mm, the minimum trigger voltage value of the planar spark gap switch increases from 677 V to 1783 V (a = 0.6 mm), and from 685 V to 1766 V (a = 0.8 mm), the switch on time is 16 ns, 22 ns, 28 ns, 48 ns, 64 ns, 77 ns, 93 ns (a = 0.6 mm), and 26 ns, 34 ns, 51 ns, 67 ns, 81 ns, 102 ns (a = 0.6 mm). With the increase of the gap between the two main electrodes of the switch, the maximum static working voltage of the three-electrode plane spark gap high-voltage switch increases, the minimum trigger voltage value also increases, and the on-time of the switch gradually becomes longer. The peak current of the discharge circuit decreases and the dynamic impedance and inductive reactance of the switch also increase; as the width of the trigger electrode increases, the minimum trigger voltage decreases, the dynamic impedance and inductance decrease, and the switch operating voltage with the same parameters is higher. The easier the switch is to turn on, the lower the minimum trigger voltage. The electrode thickness of the three-electrode plane spark gap switch has a certain influence on the field strength and the service life of the switch. The results of this study provide useful references for promoting the research and development of LEEFIs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

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Review

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17 pages, 2106 KiB

Open AccessReview

Quantitative Assessment Methods of Early Enamel Caries with Optical Coherence Tomography: A Review

by Boya Shi, Jiaxin Niu, Xinyue Zhou and Xiaoyang Dong

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8780; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178780 - 31 Aug 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2506

Abstract

Early detection of caries is an urgent problem in the dental clinic. Current caries detection methods do not detect early enamel caries accurately, and do not show microstructural changes in the teeth. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide imaging of tiny, demineralized regions of teeth in real time and noninvasively detect dynamic changes in lesions with high resolution and high sensitivity. Over the last 20 years, researchers have investigated different methods for quantitative assessment of early caries using OCT. This review provides an overview of the principles of enamel caries detection with OCT, the methods of characterizing caries lesion severity, and correlations between OCT results and measurements from multiple histological detection techniques. Studies have shown the feasibility of OCT in quantitative assessment of early enamel lesions but they vary widely in approaches. Only integrated reflectivity and refractive index measured by OCT have proven to have strong correlations with mineral loss calculated by digital microradiography or transverse microradiography. OCT has great potential to be a standard inspection method for enamel lesions, but a consensus on quantitative methods and indicators is an important prerequisite. Our review provides a basis for future discussions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Materials, Devices, and Applications)

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