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Research on Clay Minerals
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Research on Clay Minerals

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical and Molecular Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 7434

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Takaaki Wajima

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Interests: chemical engineering; mineral processing; recycling; hydrothermal reaction; pyrolysis; adsorption; ion exchange; MO simulation; solid analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Clays are environmentally-friendly raw materials available in large quantities. Clay minerals, as the main components of clays, have specific structural properties and are therefore widely used for numerous applications in diverse industrial and environmental fields due to their low cost, natural availability, and ecofriendly character.

This Special Issue will include research papers about clays, clay minerals and related materials, natural or synthetic. Aspects covered include: Earth Processes (soil science and geology/mineralogy) including genesis/synthesis, phase transformations, stability, weathering, soil-organic interactions, ion-exchange, basin analysis, clay petrology; Solid State Chemistry/Materials Science including synthesis, structure and dynamics, reactivity, crystal chemistry, mechanical, thermal, electrical properties, micro and nanophase materials; Environmental Science including analytical methods, elemental distribution, waste containment, health issues, environmental impact assessment, conservation of cultural heritage; Colloid/Surface Science including adsorption, colloid stability, surface chemistry, reactivity; Applied Science and Technology including industrial uses and technical applications, mining and processing of clay, zeolite (and other) deposits. Papers dealing with applications in ceramics, paper, paint, polymer, ion-exchange, sorption, catalysis etc., are also invited.

Prof. Dr. Takaaki Wajima
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4452 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Zeolitic Material with High Cation Exchange Capacity from Paper Sludge Ash Using EDTA
by Takaaki Wajima
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11231; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311231 - 26 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1555
Abstract
Paper sludge ash (PSA) typically has a low Si abundance and significant Ca content because of the presence of calcite fillers, which interfere with the zeolitic conversion of PSA. Ca-masking with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used to reduce Ca interference during zeolite synthesis [...] Read more.
Paper sludge ash (PSA) typically has a low Si abundance and significant Ca content because of the presence of calcite fillers, which interfere with the zeolitic conversion of PSA. Ca-masking with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used to reduce Ca interference during zeolite synthesis so that a zeolitic product with a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) could be synthesized. Hydroxysodalite, zeolite-P, hydroxycancrinite, tobermorite, and zeolite-A can be synthesized from PSA by an alkali reaction with EDTA. With the addition of EDTA, calcium ions in the solution were trapped by chelation, and the number of zeolitic crystals with low Si/Al (Si/Al = 1), zeolite-A, increased owing to the promotion of the synthesis reaction. A product with a high CEC that has a high zeolite-A content was obtained. The chelating agent can inhibit Ca interference for zeolite synthesis by Ca-masking, and a product with a high zeolite-A content can be obtained from PSA using EDTA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Clay Minerals)
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15 pages, 2362 KiB  
Article
Change in Sediment Provenance on the Inner Slope of the Chukchi Rise and Their Paleoenvironmental Implications
by Hyo-Jin Koo, Young-Keun Jin and Hyen-Goo Cho
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(14), 6491; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146491 - 14 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2188
Abstract
The Arctic Ocean is one of the world’s most remarkable regions with respect to global climate change. The core ARA09C-St03 was analyzed for mineral composition and Nd isotope to determine the sediment provenance and reconstruct the paleoenvironment in the inner slope of the [...] Read more.
The Arctic Ocean is one of the world’s most remarkable regions with respect to global climate change. The core ARA09C-St03 was analyzed for mineral composition and Nd isotope to determine the sediment provenance and reconstruct the paleoenvironment in the inner slope of the Chukchi Rise. Core ARA09C-St03 represents overall cycles of brown and gray color with three distinct dark brown layers and two pinkish-white layers and is divided into eight sedimentary units based on the lithological feature. The core has a continuous record of the late marine isotope stage (MIS) 5 to the Holocene and in particular provides a particularly high-resolution record from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Sediment is derived mainly from the adjacent East Siberian Sea and the North American region, and changes in sediment provenance are controlled by climate-dependent particle size. During the glacial/stadial periods, sediments in Units 3, 5, and 8 were supplied by the East Siberian Sea via meltwater-derived suspension. The major ice-rafted debris (IRD) events in Units 2, 4, and 7, characterized by abundant dolomite and K/C ratio, were sourced from North America. The North America-derived materials reflect the initiation and disintegration of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and icebergs transported them across the open Arctic Ocean. The differences in provenance within these periods may be related to the scale of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Interglacial sediments, including those from Units 1 and 6, are of mixed origin from Eurasia and the Canadian Archipelago and may have been transported by oceanic current and seasonal sea ice. These periods are likely associated with the negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) intensifying the Beaufort Gyre. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Clay Minerals)
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21 pages, 3242 KiB  
Article
Surrogate Model for Multi-Component Diffusion of Uranium through Opalinus Clay on the Host Rock Scale
by Theresa Hennig and Michael Kühn
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020786 - 15 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2794
Abstract
Multi-component (MC) diffusion simulations enable a process based and more precise approach to calculate transport and sorption compared to the commonly used single-component (SC) models following Fick’s law. The MC approach takes into account the interaction of chemical species in the porewater with [...] Read more.
Multi-component (MC) diffusion simulations enable a process based and more precise approach to calculate transport and sorption compared to the commonly used single-component (SC) models following Fick’s law. The MC approach takes into account the interaction of chemical species in the porewater with the diffuse double layer (DDL) adhering clay mineral surfaces. We studied the shaly, sandy and carbonate-rich facies of the Opalinus Clay. High clay contents dominate diffusion and sorption of uranium. The MC simulations show shorter diffusion lengths than the SC models due to anion exclusion from the DDL. This hampers diffusion of the predominant species CaUO2(CO3)32−. On the one side, species concentrations and ionic strengths of the porewater and on the other side surface charge of the clay minerals control the composition and behaviour of the DDL. For some instances, it amplifies the diffusion of uranium. We developed a workflow to transfer computationally intensive MC simulations to SC models via calibrated effective diffusion and distribution coefficients. Simulations for one million years depict maximum uranium diffusion lengths between 10 m and 35 m. With respect to the minimum requirement of a thickness of 100 m, the Opalinus Clay seems to be a suitable host rock for nuclear waste repositories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Clay Minerals)
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