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Atmosphere
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Gas Emissions in Agriculture
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Gas Emissions in Agriculture

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Pollution Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 September 2024) | Viewed by 3652

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Petr Bartoš

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Technics and Cybernetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
2. Department of Applied Physics and Technology, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, Jeronymova 10, 37115 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Interests: intelligent systems in agriculture; smart agriculture; Agriculture 4.0; optimization of technology processes by computer simulations; agricultural automatization and mechanization; best available technologies in agriculture
Dr. Radim Kunes

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Technology and Cybernetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Interests: Agriculture 4.0; gas emissions; livestock farming; CFD models; best available technique; IPPC

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Demand for food production is increasing because of the increasing population and quality of life. One of the main factors enabling the increasing demands on the volume and quality of production to be met is intensive agriculture, which has been gradually introduced since the second half of the 20th century. However, the intensification of agriculture brings more intensive production of waste and other pollutants, negatively affecting the environment and reducing the quality of life in the vicinity of agricultural holdings. Using so-called end-of-pipe technologies, which try in various ways to limit the discharge of already generated waste substances into the environment, does not lead to a successful goal. Therefore, efforts are being made to use technologies and technological practices in intensive livestock farming to prevent such substances' formation. This effort is formulated as integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC).

Intensive livestock farming is a source of gaseous emissions, which have a negative impact on the welfare of breeding animals, human health, and the environment. These influences of modern intensive agriculture have led to numerous protocols, national regulations, and directives that monitor individual farms, publishing tools for estimating gaseous emissions and issuing technical measures to reduce them. The underlying assumption is that preventive measures will reduce pollution. To enable any effective implementation in this area, it is essential to understand the risk, production, and monitoring of gaseous emissions.

This Special Issue is open to submissions on strategies and approaches to monitoring or predicting gas emissions from the whole process of agricultural production. Contributions to determining gas emissions from animal housing, manure storage, landspreading management, crop production, composting, biogas production, product processing, etc., are welcome. From a precision agriculture perspective, estimating gas emissions using computer models or intelligent systems, as well as their impact on animal welfare, and managing microclimatic conditions on the farm are topics of interest.

Dr. Petr Bartoš
Dr. Radim Kunes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air quality
  • intensive agriculture
  • CFD models
  • emission inventory
  • best available technology
  • integrated pollution prevention and control
  • greenhouse gases
  • harmful emissions
  • monitoring and prediction air pollutions

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 1446 KiB  
Article
Combining the Eddy Covariance Method and Dry Matter Intake Measurements for Enteric Methane Emission Estimation from Grazing Dairy Cows
by Marie-Sophie R. Eismann, Hendrik P. J. Smit, Arne Poyda, Ralf Loges, Christof Kluß and Friedhelm Taube
Atmosphere 2024, 15(11), 1269; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111269 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 599
Abstract
Effective greenhouse gas mitigation strategies in the agricultural sector are crucial for reducing emissions. Methane (CH4) emissions associated with agriculture are predominantly the result of enteric fermentation from ruminant production systems. Accurate measurement of these emissions is essential for assessing environmental [...] Read more.
Effective greenhouse gas mitigation strategies in the agricultural sector are crucial for reducing emissions. Methane (CH4) emissions associated with agriculture are predominantly the result of enteric fermentation from ruminant production systems. Accurate measurement of these emissions is essential for assessing environmental impacts and developing effective mitigation strategies. The eddy covariance (EC) method is widely used to measure trace gas and energy fluxes and has since also been adapted to measure enteric CH4 emissions from grazing ruminants effectively. This study combined EC measurements of CH4 emissions from pasture-based Jersey cows with milk production, feed intake data and CH4 prediction equations during four measurement campaigns between September and November 2022 in northern Germany. Cows’ distance relative to the EC station was controlled by a specialized fencing system and its effect on the measured CH4 fluxes was adjusted by means of footprint (FP) flux allocation based on a two-dimensional FP model. The EC method presented very low daily emissions of 205 g CH4 cow−1 day−1, below the estimations based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 default values and other equations based on feed intake and feed quality parameters. The results of this study indicated that the EC method, in combination with a specialized fencing design, is an appropriate method to measure enteric CH4 emissions of dairy cows in pasture-based systems. Moreover, this study showed that a comprehensive dataset of animal-related data is a practical tool to contextualize the results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions in Agriculture)
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12 pages, 1241 KiB  
Article
Influence of Acetylene Concentration on N2O and N2 Emissions from an Intensive Vegetable Soil under Anoxic and Oxic Conditions
by Wenchao Cao, Runzhi Zhang, Yanqing Li, Haoqin Pan, Fei Zhao, Cuicui Wang, Shuo Xin, Dong Li, Ziyu Gao and Yajing Wang
Atmosphere 2024, 15(10), 1206; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101206 - 9 Oct 2024
Viewed by 544
Abstract
Acetylene (C2H2) is often employed to assess soil total denitrification (N2O + N2) due to its ease of implementation. However, this technique underestimates soil denitrification in soils with low nutrient contents, particularly those supporting grain [...] Read more.
Acetylene (C2H2) is often employed to assess soil total denitrification (N2O + N2) due to its ease of implementation. However, this technique underestimates soil denitrification in soils with low nutrient contents, particularly those supporting grain yields. To our knowledge, there are limited studies that have specifically investigated the impact of C2H2 on nutrient-rich vegetable soils, especially concerning the emissions of N2 and N2O and the nitrogenous gas product ratio (i.e., N2O/(N2O + N2)). In this study, we conducted both anoxic and oxic incubations at various C2H2 concentrations (0%, 0.01%, and 10%, v/v) and utilized a robotized sampling and analysis system to quantify soil N2, N2O, and CO2 emissions. Our findings revealed that the cumulative N2O production in soil treated with 10%C2H2 was significantly lower than that in soil treated with 0.01%C2H2 and soil without C2H2. Contrarily, high concentrations of C2H2 (10%, v/v) led to increased N2 production. Similar trends were observed under oxic conditions, where 10%C2H2 concentration did not enhance N2O production but markedly increased N2 and CO2 emissions. Moreover, the N2O/(N2O + N2) product ratio was notably higher in soils treated with 0%C2H2 compared to the 10%C2H2 treatment under anoxic conditions. These findings indicate that high concentrations of acetylene could facilitate the reduction of N2O to N2 and lead to underestimated soil total denitrification in vegetable soil, regardless of anoxic or oxic conditions. This discovery underscores the drawbacks when employing high concentrations of acetylene to evaluate actual total denitrification in intensive greenhouse vegetable soils, highlighting the necessity for further investigation into alternative methodologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions in Agriculture)
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12 pages, 2579 KiB  
Article
Effects of Biochar Amendment on N2O Emissions from Soils with Different pH Levels
by Feng Lin, Hong Wang, Hiba Shaghaleh, Amar Ali Adam Hamad, Yaojun Zhang, Bairen Yang and Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
Atmosphere 2024, 15(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010068 - 5 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1895
Abstract
Biochar application has the potential for mitigating N2O emissions from agricultural soils and has been suggested as a management practice to ameliorate soil fertility and increase crop productivity. Nevertheless, the influence of biochar addition on N2O emissions from soils [...] Read more.
Biochar application has the potential for mitigating N2O emissions from agricultural soils and has been suggested as a management practice to ameliorate soil fertility and increase crop productivity. Nevertheless, the influence of biochar addition on N2O emissions from soils with different pH levels is not yet clear, which results in a poor understanding of the mechanisms regarding biochar application to soil N2O mitigation. A 40-day incubation experiment was carried out in the present study to investigate the impact of biochar on N2O emissions from soils with different natural pH. Four treatments (control, nitrogen fertilizer application, biochar amendment, and N plus biochar amendment) were set up separately in soils with three different natural pH levels (acidic vegetable soil, neutral rice soil, and alkaline soil). Our results showed that adding biochar significantly decreased N2O emissions by 20.8% and 47.6% in acidic vegetable soil for both N and no N addition treatments, respectively. For neutral and alkaline soils, the reduction of N2O emissions by biochar amendment was only significant for N addition treatments in alkaline soil. Soil pH and NO3−-N concentration were significantly affected by biochar amendment (soil pH increased by 1.43–1.56, 0.57–0.70, and 0.29–0.37 units for acidic vegetable soil, neutral rice soil, and alkaline soil, respectively). Thus, biochar amendment could be used as an effective management practice for mitigating N2O emissions from acidic and alkaline soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions in Agriculture)
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