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Atmosphere
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Atmospheric Pollution Caused by Solid Fuels Combustion
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Atmospheric Pollution Caused by Solid Fuels Combustion

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Pollution Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 2307

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kazimierz Gaj

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Engineering and Protection of Atmosphere, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Pl. Grunwaldzki 9 50-377 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: air protection; purifying of waste gases; modeling of air quality; renewable energy; greenhouse gases; biogas; siloxanes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Robert Oleniacz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Management and Protection, Faculty of Geo-Data Science, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: environmental engineering; energy from waste; open burning; formation of air pollutants in combustion, incineration, and industrial processes; flue gas treatment; air emission measurements; air emission inventory and management; air quality impact assessment; source appointment; air quality management and protection; air pollution monitoring and assessment; atmospheric dispersion modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Combustion of fossil fuels, despite causing undoubted threats to the climate and our health, continues to be the primary means of obtaining energy in the world. Fossil fuels constitute about 80% of primary energy carriers, and coal and crude oil dominate at approximately 30% each. Such a global structure of fuels is determined by the production of electricity, based in approximately 70% on fossil fuels, with a coal share of ~40%.

This Special Issue will be devoted to, inter alia, solid fuel combustion in Poland and its impact on air quality. Compared to the rest of the world, Poland is particularly unfavorable, where the share of fossil fuels in primary energy carriers reaches 90% (coal ~50%), and electricity production is based 70% on coal (3rd place in the world after South Africa and India). Additionally, in Poland, solid fuels are the primary source of heat in the residential sector (~45%). It is significant that about 70% of single-family houses in Poland are equipped with coal or biomass stoves, often out of class. Obviously, this results in excessive air pollution in Polish cities (some of them appear in statistics among the most polluted cities in the world), especially in terms of PM10, PM2.5, heavy metals, and benzo(a)pyrene—which undoubtedly affects the health and life expectancy of residents. According to the latest EEA report (2020), the annual number of deaths in Poland caused by combined exposure to PM2.5, NO2 and O3 exceeded 50,000, and the concentrations of the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene reached the highest values in Europe.

Since, for political and economic reasons, it will not be possible to quickly eliminate fossil fuels as energy carriers, it is necessary to continue research on reducing their nuisance, especially in the case of coal. That is how the idea of a Special Issue was born, which should cover the following research topics:

  • Low-emission industrial and energy technologies using solid fuels;
  • Low-emission techniques for burning solid fuels;
  • Innovative methods of flue gas cleaning;
  • Other prospective methods of reducing emissions from individual heating systems powered by solid fuels;
  • Air pollution changes resulting from the reduction of emissions from solid fueled heat and power systems;
  • New trends in air quality management in cities, legal and economic aspects.

The topics mentioned are only examples. Other topics in this field—in the form of original research or review papers—will also be welcomed. 

Prof. Dr. Kazimierz Gaj
Dr. Robert Oleniacz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • power engineering
  • energy conversion
  • coal and biomass combustion
  • low emission energy sources
  • gaseous and dust emission
  • smog
  • emission inventories
  • flue gas cleaning
  • exhaust gas dedusting
  • reducing emissions from low sources
  • low-emission heating systems
  • health exposure to volatile products of solid fuel combustion

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

9 pages, 826 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Atmospheric Loss of H2 by NO3 Radicals: A Theoretical Study
by Manolis N. Romanias and Thanh Lam Nguyen
Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1313; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081313 - 18 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1732
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is now considered among the most prominent substitute for fossil fuels. The environmental impacts of a hydrogen economy have received more attention in the last years, but still, the knowledge is relatively poor. In this work, the reaction [...] Read more.
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is now considered among the most prominent substitute for fossil fuels. The environmental impacts of a hydrogen economy have received more attention in the last years, but still, the knowledge is relatively poor. In this work, the reaction of H2 with NO3 radical (the dominant night-time detergent of the atmosphere) is studied for the first time using high-level composite G3B3 and modification of high accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry (mHEAT) methods in combination with statistical kinetics analysis using non-separable semi-classical transition state theory (SCTST). The reaction mechanism is characterized, and it is found to proceed as a direct H-abstraction process to yield HNO3 plus H atom. The reaction enthalpy is calculated to be 12.8 kJ mol−1, in excellent agreement with a benchmark active thermochemical tables (ATcT) value of 12.2 ± 0.3 kJ mol−1. The energy barrier of the title reaction was calculated to be 74.6 and 76.7 kJ mol−1 with G3B3 and mHEAT methods, respectively. The kinetics calculations with the non-separable SCTST theory give a modified-Arrhenius expression of k(T) = 10−15 × T0.7 × exp(−6120/T) (cm3 s−1) for T = 200–400 K and provide an upper limit value of 10−22 cm3 s−1 at 298 K for the reaction rate coefficient. Therefore, as compared to the main consumption pathway of H2 by OH radicals, the title reaction plays an unimportant role in H2 loss in the Earth’s atmosphere and is a negligible source of HNO3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Pollution Caused by Solid Fuels Combustion)
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