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Atmosphere
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Lightning Physics
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Lightning Physics

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 September 2022) | Viewed by 5552

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dongshuai Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU Space), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Interests: atmospheric electricity; atmospheric physics; atmosphere remote sensing science and technology; lightning physics and protection; electromagnetic; computational electromagnetics (CEM)
Dr. María Passas Varo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Atmospheric Electricity Group, Solar System Department, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
Interests: atmospheric electricity; atmospheric physics; atmosphere remote sensing science and technology; lightning physics and protection; spectroscopy; instrumentation; software developing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite researchers to contribute original research and review articles related to lightning physics. Lightning emits significant electromagnetic energy covering a wide frequency range from a few Hz to hundreds of MHz, X-rays, and gamma-rays. Lightning and its related phenomena intersect with many areas of physics, such as plasma physics, atmosphere physics and quantum electrodynamics. State-of-the-art laboratory experiments and the development of advanced space and ground-based observation instruments are now providing new fundamental insights into the physics of lightning.

The aim of this Special Issue is to report recent findings and summaries related to the physics of lightning. Studies investigating any combination of theory, observation techniques, experiments, and modeling in connection with lightning physics are welcome.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

  • Atmospheric electricity;
  • Lightning electromagnetics;
  • Lightning detection and protection;
  • Lightning laboratory experiments and techniques;
  • Meteorology and climatology of lightning;
  • Physics of streamers and leaders;
  • Narrow bipolar events (NBEs)/compact intra-cloud discharges (CID);
  • Preliminary Breakdown (PB) and Fast Breakdown (FB);
  • High-energy radiation from lightning, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), terrestrial electron beams (TEBs) and positron and neutron production;
  • Transient luminous events (TLEs).

Dr. Dongshuai Li
Dr. María Passas Varo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lightning physics
  • atmospheric electricity
  • lightning protection
  • lightning electromagnetics
  • remote sensing science and technology of lightning discharge

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 651 KiB  
Article
Exact Expressions for Lightning Electromagnetic Fields: Application to the Rusck Field-to-Transmission Line Coupling Model
by Vernon Cooray, Gerald Cooray, Marcos Rubinstein and Farhad Rachidi
Atmosphere 2023, 14(2), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020350 - 9 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1754
Abstract
An exact analytical expression for the electric field of the return stroke as excited by a propagating step current source is derived in this paper. This expression could be advantageously used to evaluate the disturbances caused by lightning on overhead lines. There are [...] Read more.
An exact analytical expression for the electric field of the return stroke as excited by a propagating step current source is derived in this paper. This expression could be advantageously used to evaluate the disturbances caused by lightning on overhead lines. There are three equivalent procedures to evaluate the voltages induced by lightning on power lines, namely, the Agrawal–Price–Gurbaxani model, the Taylor–Satterwhite–Harrison model, and the Rachidi model. In the case of a vertical return stroke channel, the coupling model developed by Rusck becomes identical to these three coupling models. Due to its simplicity, the Rusck model is frequently used by engineers to study the effects of lightning on power distribution and transmission lines. In order to reduce the time involved in the electromagnetic field calculation, the Rusck model is incorporated with an analytical expression for the electromagnetic fields of the return stroke excited by a propagating step current pulse. Our research work shows that the Rusck expression can be used to calculate the peak values of lightning induced voltages to an accuracy of about 10%. However, the use of this analytical expression to calculate the time derivatives of lightning induced voltages may result in errors as large as 50%. The derived expression in this paper can be used to correct for this inaccuracy. We also provide an exact expression for the electric field at any given point in space when the propagating current is an impulse function. This expression can be combined with the convolution integral to obtain the electric field corresponding to waveforms similar to measured return stroke currents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lightning Physics)
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10 pages, 2134 KiB  
Article
The Geometry and Charge of the Streamer Bursts Generated by Lightning Rods under the Influence of High Electric Fields
by Vernon Cooray, Hasupama Jayasinghe, Marcos Rubinstein and Farhad Rachidi
Atmosphere 2022, 13(12), 2028; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122028 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1420
Abstract
The streamer bursts generated during the initiation and propagation of leaders play an important role in the creation and maintenance of hot discharge channels in air. The most important parameters related to streamer bursts in this respect are the length of the streamer [...] Read more.
The streamer bursts generated during the initiation and propagation of leaders play an important role in the creation and maintenance of hot discharge channels in air. The most important parameters related to streamer bursts in this respect are the length of the streamer bursts, their lateral extent and the charge associated with them. The lateral extent of the streamer bursts may play a significant role in deciding the path and the tortuosity of the discharge channels of laboratory discharges and lightning. The charges associated with the streamer bursts are needed in understanding the physical processes associated with the streamer-to-leader transition. In this paper, the length, the lateral extension and the charge of the streamer regions generated by grounded conductors when exposed to external electric fields are estimated. This estimation is based on two assumptions: (i) once a streamer is incepted, the streamer head follows the direction of maximum background electric field at the location of the streamer head and (ii) the streamer continues to extend along this direction until the potential drop along the streamer channel matches the potential drop caused by the background electric field between the initial and end points of the streamer channel. The same technique could be used to estimate the streamer bursts generated in laboratory discharges and lightning stepped leaders. It is shown that in estimating the geometry of the streamer region, it is necessary to include the spread of streamers caused by branching. Moreover, the charge associated with the streamer region increases as the frequency of branching increases. The results obtained confirm that the charge in the streamer region can significantly change the potential ahead of the streamer region from the background potential and this has to be taken into account in any study that simulates the initiation and propagation of lightning leaders. Since the streamer bursts of leaders control the direction and speed of the leaders, the technique we have used here could be implemented in lightning leader progression models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lightning Physics)
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15 pages, 1771 KiB  
Article
The Physical Experimental Modelling of the Formation Processes of Upward Discharges from Grounded Objects in the Artificial Thunderstorm Cell’s Electric Field
by Nikolay Lysov, Alexander Temnikov, Leonid Chernensky, Alexander Orlov, Olga Belova, Tatiana Kivshar, Dmitry Kovalev, Garry Mirzabekyan, Natalia Lebedeva and Vadim Voevodin
Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081339 - 22 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1656
Abstract
The results of the physical modelling of the formation processes of upward discharges from grounded objects in the artificial thunderstorm cell’s electric field are presented. We established the considerable influence of the electrode tip’s radius on the pulse streamer corona stem’s parameters and, [...] Read more.
The results of the physical modelling of the formation processes of upward discharges from grounded objects in the artificial thunderstorm cell’s electric field are presented. We established the considerable influence of the electrode tip’s radius on the pulse streamer corona stem’s parameters and, subsequently, on the probability of the transformation of the impulse streamer corona first flash’s stem into a first stage of upward leader. We determined the diapason of the optimal tip radii for a lightning rod or lightning conductor, which allows for the most probable formation of the first impulse streamer corona, with the parameters providing the best conditions for the upward leader’s start, the purpose of which is the lowering of the probability of lightning striking the object under protection. A considerable difference between the electrical characteristics of the first impulse corona flash with and without the streamer–leader transition was established. It was shown that the amplitude of the streamer corona flash current impulse is considerable, but not the main defining factor of the streamer–leader transition. It is established that the charge value of the streamer corona first flash is not a threshold requirement for the formation of the upward leader from a ground object, but only defines the probability of the successful upward leader formation. Based on the analysis of the experimental data received, we suggest that there is a dependency between the probability of upward positive leader formation from the grounded objects and the charge value of the first pulse streamer corona flash for the rod (centered) and rope (elongated) lightning conductors and objects in the electric field of the thundercloud and downward lightning leader. The obtained results can be used for mathematical modelling of the formation processes of upward discharges from grounded objects in the artificial thunderstorm’s electric field, as in a natural thunderstorm situation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lightning Physics)
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