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Bioengineering
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Recent Advance in Biomaterials, Clinical Dentistry and Dental Diseases 2.0
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Recent Advance in Biomaterials, Clinical Dentistry and Dental Diseases 2.0

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Regenerative Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 20481

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Naji Kharouf

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
Interests: biomaterials; endodontics; bioactive dental materials; bioceramics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Davide Mancino

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France
2. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
3. Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
Interests: endodontics; root canal treatment; 3D printing; pulp regeneration; tooth anatomy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Salvatore Sauro

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Guest Editor
Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departmento de Odontologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad, CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
Interests: enamel-dentin adhesion; dentine permeability, remineralisation; minimally invasive cariology and restorative dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Louis Hardan

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Guest Editor
Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
Interests: dental adhesive; antibacterial activity; restoration; endodontically treated tooth; dental biomaterials; resin cement; digital dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the second edition of the previous release, "Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease" (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/bioengineering/special_issues/biomaterials_root).

For this Special Issue, we welcome submissions of original research and review manuscripts, covering all aspects of the development, modification, and use of biomaterials and novel dental devices in clinical and laboratory dentistry. The aim of dental biomaterials is to restore tooth infected tissues, including caries or dental anomalies/diseases. These biomaterials could be used in coronal or radicular parts, including their broad range of applications associated with endodontic treatment, restorative dentistry, pediatric dentistry, orthodontics, implantology, prosthodontics, surgical procedures, and periodontics. Moreover, the next dental care revolution will apply biological activities using bioactive materials which are modified with different bioactive molecules. This Special Issue of Bioengineering on Recent advance in Biomaterials, Clinical dentistry and Dental Disease addresses the role of dental biomaterials in dentistry.

Dr. Naji Kharouf
Dr. Davide Mancino
Prof. Dr. Salvatore Sauro
Prof. Dr. Louis Hardan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 5712 KiB  
Article
Deep Learning for Dental Diagnosis: A Novel Approach to Furcation Involvement Detection on Periapical Radiographs
by Yi-Cheng Mao, Yen-Cheng Huang, Tsung-Yi Chen, Kuo-Chen Li, Yuan-Jin Lin, Yu-Lin Liu, Hong-Rong Yan, Yu-Jie Yang, Chiung-An Chen, Shih-Lun Chen, Chun-Wei Li, Mei-Ling Chan, Yueh Chuo and Patricia Angela R. Abu
Bioengineering 2023, 10(7), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10070802 - 4 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3071
Abstract
Furcation defects pose a significant challenge in the diagnosis and treatment planning of periodontal diseases. The accurate detection of furcation involvements (FI) on periapical radiographs (PAs) is crucial for the success of periodontal therapy. This research proposes a deep learning-based approach to furcation [...] Read more.
Furcation defects pose a significant challenge in the diagnosis and treatment planning of periodontal diseases. The accurate detection of furcation involvements (FI) on periapical radiographs (PAs) is crucial for the success of periodontal therapy. This research proposes a deep learning-based approach to furcation defect detection using convolutional neural networks (CNN) with an accuracy rate of 95%. This research has undergone a rigorous review by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and has received accreditation under number 202002030B0C505. A dataset of 300 periapical radiographs of teeth with and without FI were collected and preprocessed to enhance the quality of the images. The efficient and innovative image masking technique used in this research better enhances the contrast between FI symptoms and other areas. Moreover, this technology highlights the region of interest (ROI) for the subsequent CNN models training with a combination of transfer learning and fine-tuning techniques. The proposed segmentation algorithm demonstrates exceptional performance with an overall accuracy up to 94.97%, surpassing other conventional methods. Moreover, in comparison with existing CNN technology for identifying dental problems, this research proposes an improved adaptive threshold preprocessing technique that produces clearer distinctions between teeth and interdental molars. The proposed model achieves impressive results in detecting FI with identification rates ranging from 92.96% to a remarkable 94.97%. These findings suggest that our deep learning approach holds significant potential for improving the accuracy and efficiency of dental diagnosis. Such AI-assisted dental diagnosis has the potential to improve periodontal diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient outcomes. This research demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using deep learning algorithms for furcation defect detection on periapical radiographs and highlights the potential for AI-assisted dental diagnosis. With the improvement of dental abnormality detection, earlier intervention could be enabled and could ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Biomaterials, Clinical Dentistry and Dental Diseases 2.0)
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19 pages, 6005 KiB  
Article
Improving Dental Implant Outcomes: CNN-Based System Accurately Measures Degree of Peri-Implantitis Damage on Periapical Film
by Yi-Chieh Chen, Ming-Yi Chen, Tsung-Yi Chen, Mei-Ling Chan, Ya-Yun Huang, Yu-Lin Liu, Pei-Ting Lee, Guan-Jhih Lin, Tai-Feng Li, Chiung-An Chen, Shih-Lun Chen, Kuo-Chen Li and Patricia Angela R. Abu
Bioengineering 2023, 10(6), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10060640 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3862
Abstract
As the popularity of dental implants continues to grow at a rate of about 14% per year, so do the risks associated with the procedure. Complications such as sinusitis and nerve damage are not uncommon, and inadequate cleaning can lead to peri-implantitis around [...] Read more.
As the popularity of dental implants continues to grow at a rate of about 14% per year, so do the risks associated with the procedure. Complications such as sinusitis and nerve damage are not uncommon, and inadequate cleaning can lead to peri-implantitis around the implant, jeopardizing its stability and potentially necessitating retreatment. To address this issue, this research proposes a new system for evaluating the degree of periodontal damage around implants using Periapical film (PA). The system utilizes two Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models to accurately detect the location of the implant and assess the extent of damage caused by peri-implantitis. One of the CNN models is designed to determine the location of the implant in the PA with an accuracy of up to 89.31%, while the other model is responsible for assessing the degree of Peri-implantitis damage around the implant, achieving an accuracy of 90.45%. The system combines image cropping based on position information obtained from the first CNN with image enhancement techniques such as Histogram Equalization and Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) to improve the visibility of the implant and gums. The result is a more accurate assessment of whether peri-implantitis has eroded to the first thread, a critical indicator of implant stability. To ensure the ethical and regulatory standards of our research, this proposal has been certified by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) under number 202102023B0C503. With no existing technology to evaluate Peri-implantitis damage around dental implants, this CNN-based system has the potential to revolutionize implant dentistry and improve patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Biomaterials, Clinical Dentistry and Dental Diseases 2.0)
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12 pages, 791 KiB  
Article
Porcelain Veneers in Vital vs. Non-Vital Teeth: A Retrospective Clinical Evaluation
by Maciej Zarow, Louis Hardan, Katarzyna Szczeklik, Rim Bourgi, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Natalia Jakubowicz, Marco Nicastro, Walter Devoto, Marzena Dominiak, Jolanta Pytko-Polończyk, Wioletta Bereziewicz and Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
Bioengineering 2023, 10(2), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020168 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4780
Abstract
Nowadays, the ceramic veneer approach can be considered more predictable than direct composite veneer. To date, there is a lack of studies comparing the clinical performance of anterior veneers cemented on vital teeth (VT) and non-vital teeth (NVT). This longitudinal clinical study investigated [...] Read more.
Nowadays, the ceramic veneer approach can be considered more predictable than direct composite veneer. To date, there is a lack of studies comparing the clinical performance of anterior veneers cemented on vital teeth (VT) and non-vital teeth (NVT). This longitudinal clinical study investigated the performance of ceramic veneers in VT or anterior NVT. A total of 55 patients were evaluated in the study. Two groups were defined based on the vitality status of the teeth (93 teeth—vital and 61 teeth—non-vital). The United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria were used to assess the clinical status. The data were evaluated statistically with the Mann–Whitney U test. All restorations were considered acceptable, and only one veneer in VT failed for the criteria of secondary caries. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the criteria evaluated (p ≤ 0.671). The ceramic veneers evaluated showed a satisfactory clinical performance both in VT and NVT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Biomaterials, Clinical Dentistry and Dental Diseases 2.0)
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11 pages, 3319 KiB  
Article
Surface Accumulation of Cerium, Self-Assembling Peptide, and Fluoride on Sound Bovine Enamel
by Konstantin Johannes Scholz, Karl-Anton Hiller, Helga Ebensberger, Gerlinde Ferstl, Florian Pielnhofer, Tobias T. Tauböck, Klaus Becker and Wolfgang Buchalla
Bioengineering 2022, 9(12), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9120760 - 3 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2198
Abstract
The accumulation of caries-preventive compounds on sound enamel is crucial in order to improve the inhibition of carious lesion initiation. The aim of this research was to investigate the initial accumulation of cerium, oligopeptide p11-4, and fluoride from NaF or amine fluoride (AmF) [...] Read more.
The accumulation of caries-preventive compounds on sound enamel is crucial in order to improve the inhibition of carious lesion initiation. The aim of this research was to investigate the initial accumulation of cerium, oligopeptide p11-4, and fluoride from NaF or amine fluoride (AmF) on sound enamel in vitro by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Polished bovine enamel specimens (n = 120 from 60 teeth) were fabricated. Out of these, 12 specimens each were treated with CeCl3 (cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate 25%), oligopeptide p11-4 (Curodont Repair, Credentis), NaF (10,000 ppm F−), AmF (amine fluoride, Elmex Fluid, CP-GABA GmbH, 10,000 ppm F−), or Aqua demin (control). After rinsing with water, the surface elemental composition (Ce, N, F, Ca, P, O, Na, Mg) was measured (EDX; EDAX Octane Elect detector, APEX v2.0), expressed in atomic percent (At%) and analyzed (non-parametric statistics, α = 0.05, error rates method). Another 12 specimens per treatment group were fabricated and used for analyzing accumulation in cross-sections with EDX linescans and two-dimensional EDX-mappings. The surface median atomic percent of cerium (At%Ce) was 0.8 for CeCl3, but no Ce was found for any other group. N, specifically for oligopeptide p11-4, could not be detected. Fluorine could only be detected on fluoridated surfaces. The median atomic percent of fluorine (At%F) was 15.2 for NaF and 17.0 for AmF. The Ca/P ratio increased significantly compared to the control following the application of NaF and AmF (p < 0.001), but decreased significantly for CeCl3 (p < 0.001). In cross-sectioned specimens of the CeCl3-group, 12.5% of the linescans revealed cerium at the enamel surface, whereas 83.3% of the NaF linescans and 95.8% of the AmF linescans revealed fluorine at the enamel surface. Following the application of oligopeptide p11-4, no traces of N were detectable. In the depth of the samples, no signal was detected for any of the corresponding elements exceeding the background noise. Cerium and fluorine (from both NaF and AmF), but not the oligopeptide p11-4, precipitated on sound enamel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Biomaterials, Clinical Dentistry and Dental Diseases 2.0)
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10 pages, 3098 KiB  
Article
Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Bioactive Retrograde Filling Materials
by Tarek Ashi, Davide Mancino, Louis Hardan, Rim Bourgi, Jihed Zghal, Valentina Macaluso, Sharif Al-Ashkar, Sleman Alkhouri, Youssef Haikel and Naji Kharouf
Bioengineering 2022, 9(11), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9110624 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2575
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of three calcium silicate cements. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA Biorep “BR”), Biodentine (BD) and Well-Root PT (WR) materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 24, 72 [...] Read more.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of three calcium silicate cements. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA Biorep “BR”), Biodentine (BD) and Well-Root PT (WR) materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 24, 72 and 168 h of immersion in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), the solubility, roughness, pH changes and water contact angle were also analyzed. All results were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance test. Statistically significant lower pH was detected for BD than WR and BR (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was found among the three materials for the efficacy of kill against E. faecalis (p > 0.05). Good antibacterial activity was observed (kill 50% of bacteria) after 24 h of contact. The wettability and the roughness of BR were higher than for the other cements (p < 0.05). BD was more soluble than WR and BR (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of bioceramic cements as retrograde materials may play an important role in controlling bacterial growth and in the development of calcium phosphate surface layer to support healing. Moreover, the premixed cement was easier to use than powder–liquid cement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Biomaterials, Clinical Dentistry and Dental Diseases 2.0)
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Review

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18 pages, 1610 KiB  
Review
The Effectiveness of Calcium Phosphates in the Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review
by Mélanie Maillard, Octave Nadile Bandiaky, Suzanne Maunoury, Charles Alliot, Brigitte Alliot-Licht, Samuel Serisier and Emmanuelle Renard
Bioengineering 2023, 10(4), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10040447 - 6 Apr 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2601
Abstract
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) pain is a persistent clinical problem, which is a common condition known to affect patients’ quality of life (QoL), but no treatment has ever been agreed upon. Calcium phosphates, available in different forms, have properties that allow sealing the dentinal [...] Read more.
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) pain is a persistent clinical problem, which is a common condition known to affect patients’ quality of life (QoL), but no treatment has ever been agreed upon. Calcium phosphates, available in different forms, have properties that allow sealing the dentinal tubules, which may relieve dentin hypersensitivity. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the ability of different formulations of calcium phosphate to reduce dentin hypersensitivity pain level in clinical studies. The inclusion criterion was as follows: clinical randomized controlled studies using calcium phosphates in treating dentin hypersensitivity. In December 2022, three electronic databases (Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase) were searched. The search strategy was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The bias assessment risks results were carried out using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A total of 20 articles were included and analyzed in this systematic review. The results show that calcium phosphates have properties that reduce DH-associated pain. Data compilation showed a statistically significant difference in DH pain level between T0 and 4 weeks. This VAS level reduction is estimated at about −2.5 compared to the initial level. The biomimetic and non-toxic characteristics of these materials make them a major asset in treating dentin hypersensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Biomaterials, Clinical Dentistry and Dental Diseases 2.0)
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