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Biology
Special Issues
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress—Current State-of-the-Art
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Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress—Current State-of-the-Art

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 12972

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ankush Prasad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
Interests: non-invasive imaging method for oxidative stress; free radicals in biology and medicine; ultra-weak photon emission
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pavel Pospíšil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Interests: reactive oxygen species in photosystem II; free radicals in biology and biomedicine; EPR spin-trapping spectroscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, and oxidative burst are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cells. A biological system under biotic and abiotic stress conditions is constantly linked with the formation of ROS such as but not limited to superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, etc. These species possess a massive impact prompting cellular function and are well known to be involved in the regulation of cell signaling cascades. Additionally, they are associated with several biological dysfunctions and diseases in plants and humans. This Special Issue aims to focus on the recent development and discoveries in ROS characterization in the living system, including design and application of novel biomarkers, probes, and detection techniques.           

The Special issue welcomes articles in the form of original research, short communications, and review manuscripts. Papers accepted for publication in this Special Issue, titled “Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress—Current State-of-the-Art” by experienced researchers in the field of study are expected to help toward an insight into and realistic overview of this exciting and interdisciplinary field of free radical research.

Dr. Ankush Prasad
Dr. Pavel Pospíšil
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • reactive oxygen species
  • free radicals
  • biomarkers
  • sensors
  • oxidative radical reaction
  • protein oxidation
  • lipid peroxidation
  • biotic and abiotic stress

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 1861 KiB  
Article
Cannabinoids Accumulation in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Plants under LED Light Spectra and Their Discrete Role as a Stress Marker
by Md. Jahirul Islam, Byeong Ryeol Ryu, Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad, Md. Hafizur Rahman, Eun Ju Cheong, Jung-Dae Lim and Young-Seok Lim
Biology 2021, 10(8), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10080710 - 24 Jul 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6807
Abstract
Hemp adaptability through physiological and biochemical changes was studied under 10 LED light spectra and natural light in a controlled aeroponic system. Light treatments were imposed on 25 days aged seedlings for 16 h daily (300 µmol m−2 s−1) for [...] Read more.
Hemp adaptability through physiological and biochemical changes was studied under 10 LED light spectra and natural light in a controlled aeroponic system. Light treatments were imposed on 25 days aged seedlings for 16 h daily (300 µmol m−2 s−1) for 20 days. Plant accumulated highest Cannabidiol (CBD) in R7:B2:G1 light treatment, with relatively higher photosynthetic rate and lower reactive oxygen species, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) also accumulated at a higher level in white, R8:B2, and R7:B2:G1 light with less evidence of stress-modulated substances. These results indicated that CBD and THC have no or little relation with light-mediated abiotic stress in hemp plants. On the contrary, Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) was accumulated higher in R6:B2:G1:FR1 and R5:B2:W2:FR1 light treatment along with lower photosynthetic rate and higher reactive oxygen species, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities. However, Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) was accumulated higher in R6:B2:G1:FR1 light treatment with higher stress-modulated substances and lower physiological traits. CBDA was also accumulated higher in R8:B2 and R7:B2:G1 light treatments with less evidence of stress-modulated substances. Besides, Greenlight influenced CBD and CBDA synthesis where FR and UV-A (along with green) play a positive and negative role in this process. Overall, the results indicated that the treatment R7:B2:G1 enhanced the medicinal cannabinoids most, and the role of THCA as a stress marker is more decisive in the hemp plant than in other cannabinoids under attributed light-mediated stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress—Current State-of-the-Art)
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16 pages, 7421 KiB  
Article
Nociceptin Increases Antioxidant Expression in the Kidney, Liver and Brain of Diabetic Rats
by Ernest Adeghate, Crystal M. D’Souza, Zulqarnain Saeed, Saeeda Al Jaberi, Saeed Tariq, Huba Kalász, Kornélia Tekes and Ernest A. Adeghate
Biology 2021, 10(7), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070621 - 3 Jul 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2874
Abstract
Nociceptin (NC) consists of 17 amino acids (aa) and takes part in the processing of learning and memory. The role of NC in the induction of endogenous antioxidants in still unclear. We examined the effect of NC on the expression of endogenous antioxidants [...] Read more.
Nociceptin (NC) consists of 17 amino acids (aa) and takes part in the processing of learning and memory. The role of NC in the induction of endogenous antioxidants in still unclear. We examined the effect of NC on the expression of endogenous antioxidants in kidney, liver, cerebral cortex (CC), and hippocampus after the onset of diabetes mellitus, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Exogenous NC (aa chain 1–17; 10 µg/kg body weight) was given intraperitoneally to normal and diabetic rats for 5 days. Our results showed that catalase (CAT) is present in the proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules of kidney, hepatocytes, and neurons of CC and hippocampus. The expression of CAT was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the kidney of normal and diabetic rats after treatment with NC. However, NC markedly (p < 0.001) increased the expression CAT in the liver and neurons of CC of diabetic rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is widely distributed in the PCT and DCT of kidney, hepatocytes, and neurons of CC and hippocampus. NC significantly (p < 0.001) increased the expression of SOD in hepatocytes and neurons of CC and the hippocampus but not in the kidney. Glutathione reductase (GRED) was observed in kidney tubules, hepatocytes and neurons of the brain. NC markedly increased (p < 0.001) the expression of GRED in PCT and DCT cells of the kidney and hepatocytes of liver and neurons of CC. In conclusion, NC is a strong inducer of CAT, SOD, and GRED expression in the kidney, liver and brain of diabetic rats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress—Current State-of-the-Art)
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13 pages, 2937 KiB  
Article
Construction of a Nanosensor for Non-Invasive Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide Levels in Living Cells
by Amreen, Hayssam M. Ali, Mohammad Ahmad, Mohamed Z. M. Salem and Altaf Ahmad
Biology 2020, 9(12), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9120430 - 29 Nov 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2644
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serves fundamental regulatory functions in metabolism beyond the role as damage signal. During stress conditions, the level of H2O2 increases in the cells and causes oxidative stress, which interferes with normal cell growth [...] Read more.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serves fundamental regulatory functions in metabolism beyond the role as damage signal. During stress conditions, the level of H2O2 increases in the cells and causes oxidative stress, which interferes with normal cell growth in plants and animals. The H2O2 also acts as a central signaling molecule and regulates numerous pathways in living cells. To better understand the generation of H2O2 in environmental responses and its role in cellular signaling, there is a need to study the flux of H2O2 at high spatio–temporal resolution in a real-time fashion. Herein, we developed a genetically encoded Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based nanosensor (FLIP-H2O2) by sandwiching the regulatory domain (RD) of OxyR between two fluorescent moieties, namely ECFP and mVenus. This nanosensor was pH stable, highly selective to H2O2, and showed insensitivity to other oxidants like superoxide anions, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite. The FLIP-H2O2 demonstrated a broad dynamic range and having a binding affinity (Kd) of 247 µM. Expression of sensor protein in living bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells showed the localization of the sensor in the cytosol. The flux of H2O2 was measured in these live cells using the FLIP-H2O2 under stress conditions or by externally providing the ligand. Time-dependent FRET-ratio changes were recorded, which correspond to the presence of H2O2. Using this sensor, real-time information of the H2O2 level can be obtained non-invasively. Thus, this nanosensor would help to understand the adverse effect of H2O2 on cell physiology and its role in redox signaling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress—Current State-of-the-Art)
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