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Insights into the Role of Nanomaterials on Anatomical and Physiological...
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Insights into the Role of Nanomaterials on Anatomical and Physiological and Molecular Indices of Plants under Stress Conditions

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 26036

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vishnu D. Rajput

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave. 194/1, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Interests: soil pollution; biochar; carbon; plant physiology; cellular-subcellular changes; DNA damages, nanoparticles; microorganisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Tatiana Minkina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Head of Department of Soil Science, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave. 194/1, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Interests: soil science; biogeochemistry of trace elements; environmental soil chemistry; soil monitoring; assessment; modeling and remediation using physicochemical treatment methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Svetlana N. Sushkova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Professor, Department of Soil Science, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don-344041, Russia
Interests: bioremediation of soil; environmental impact assessment; sustainable agriculture; biogeotechnics; soil–plant–atmospheric interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The application of nanoparticles has gained widespread popularity in agriculture and allied sectors. It is believed that by the end of the year 2024, the market value of nano-enabled products may reach up to USD 125 billion. However, nanoparticles still require more scientific attention to understand their behavior in various indices of plants under stress conditions, especially drought, salinity, heat, and environmental contaminants. The stresses may raise a lot of issues that can alter plant growth and developments by affecting anatomical, morphological, biochemical, physiological, molecular, and genetic processes, causing significant loss in productivity. Many strategies may be considered to support plant growth under stresses, including the use of nanomaterials or nano-enabled products, especially in the agri- and allied sectors. The present Special Issue aims to present a comprehensive overview of field application of nanomaterials under various stress conditions and provide insights and information to cope with the challenges of plants in stress conditions.

Dr. Vishnu D. Rajput
Prof. Dr. Tatiana Minkina
Dr. Svetlana N. Sushkova
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • agriculture
  • nanomaterials
  • field applications
  • stresses
  • environmental contaminants
  • crops

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 2086 KiB  
Article
Small-Sized Nanophosphorus Has a Positive Impact on the Performance of Fenugreek Plants under Soil-Water Deficit Stress: A Case Study under Field Conditions
by Alaa I. B. Abou-Sreea, Marwa Kamal, Dalia M. El Sowfy, Mostafa M. Rady, Gamal F. Mohamed, Sami A. Al-Dhumri, Mohammad S. AL-Harbi and Nasr M. Abdou
Biology 2022, 11(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11010115 - 12 Jan 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2462
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient necessary for plant growth, development, and reproduction. Two field experiments were carried out in 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 on P-deficient soil to evaluate the impact of foliar fertilization with nanophosphorus (nP) on growth, yield, and physio-biochemical indices, as [...] Read more.
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient necessary for plant growth, development, and reproduction. Two field experiments were carried out in 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 on P-deficient soil to evaluate the impact of foliar fertilization with nanophosphorus (nP) on growth, yield, and physio-biochemical indices, as well as trigonelline content of fenugreek plants under deficient irrigation (dI) stress (a deficit of 20 and 40% of crop evapotranspiration; dI-20 and dI-40). The growth and yield traits, leaf integrity (relative water content and membrane stability index), photosynthetic pigment contents, leaf and seed P contents, and stem and leaf anatomical features significantly decreased under dI-20, with greater reductions recorded under dI-40. In contrast, water-use efficiency, osmoprotective compounds, including free amino acids, soluble sugars, proline, and trigonelline, along with antioxidant contents (ascorbate, glutathione, phenolics, and flavonoids) and their activity increased significantly under both dI-20 and dI-40. However, foliar feeding with nano-P considerably increased plant growth and yield traits, leaf integrity, photosynthetic pigments contents, leaf and seed P contents, and anatomical features. Besides, water-use efficiency, osmoprotectant contents, and antioxidant content and activity were further increased under both dI-20 and dI-40. The positive effects were more pronounced with the smaller nP (25 nm) than the larger nP (50 nm). The results of this study backed up the idea of using foliar nourishment with nP, which can be effective in modulating fenugreek plant growth and seed production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into the Role of Nanomaterials on Anatomical and Physiological and Molecular Indices of Plants under Stress Conditions)
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14 pages, 27994 KiB  
Article
Effect of Foliar Fertigation of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Cadmium Accumulation and Toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum
by Mohammad Faizan, Vishnu D. Rajput, Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Khuraif, Mohammed Arshad, Tatiana Minkina, Svetlana Sushkova and Fangyuan Yu
Biology 2021, 10(7), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070666 - 14 Jul 2021
Cited by 53 | Viewed by 4832
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress is increasing at a high pace and is polluting the agricultural land. As a result, it affects animals and the human population via entering into the food chain. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of amelioration [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) stress is increasing at a high pace and is polluting the agricultural land. As a result, it affects animals and the human population via entering into the food chain. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of amelioration of Cd stress through chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-NPs). After 15 days of sowing (DAS), Solanum lycopersicum seedlings were transplanted into maintained pots (20 in number). Cadmium (0.8 mM) was providing in the soil as CdCl2·2.5H2O at the time of transplanting; however, CTS-NPs (100 µg/mL) were given through foliar spray at 25 DAS. Data procured from the present experiment suggests that Cd toxicity considerably reduces the plant morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence, in addition to photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity and protein content. However, foliar application of CTS-NPs was effective in increasing the shoot dry weight (38%), net photosynthetic rate (45%) and SPAD index (40%), while a decrease in malondialdehyde (24%) and hydrogen peroxide (20%) was observed at the 30 DAS stage as compared to control plants. On behalf of the current results, it is demonstrated that foliar treatment of CTS-NPs might be an efficient approach to ameliorate the toxic effects of Cd. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into the Role of Nanomaterials on Anatomical and Physiological and Molecular Indices of Plants under Stress Conditions)
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Review

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19 pages, 1589 KiB  
Review
Insight into the Prospects for Nanotechnology in Wheat Biofortification
by Mohd. Kamran Khan, Anamika Pandey, Mehmet Hamurcu, Sait Gezgin, Tabinda Athar, Vishnu D. Rajput, Om Prakash Gupta and Tatiana Minkina
Biology 2021, 10(11), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111123 - 2 Nov 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5467
Abstract
The deficiency of nutrients in food crops is a major issue affecting the health of human beings, mainly in underdeveloped areas. Despite the development in the methods of food fortification, several barriers such as lack of proper regulations and smaller public-private partnerships hinder [...] Read more.
The deficiency of nutrients in food crops is a major issue affecting the health of human beings, mainly in underdeveloped areas. Despite the development in the methods of food fortification, several barriers such as lack of proper regulations and smaller public-private partnerships hinder its successful implementation in society. Consequently, genetic and agronomic biofortification has been suggested as the potential techniques for fortifying the nutrients in diets. However, the time-consuming nature and restricted available diversity in the targeted crop gene pool limit the benefits of genetic biofortification. In agronomic biofortification, organic fertilizers face the problem of prolonged duration of nutrients release and lesser content of minerals; while in inorganic fertilizers, the large-sized fertilizers (greater than 100 nm) suffer from volatilization and leaching losses. The application of nanotechnology in agriculture holds enormous potential to cope with these challenges. The utility of nanomaterials for wheat biofortification gains its importance by supplying the appropriate dose of fertilizer at the appropriate time diminishing the environmental concerns and smoothening the process of nutrient uptake and absorption. Wheat is a major crop whose nano-biofortification can largely handle the issue of malnutrition and nutrients deficiency in human beings. Though several research experiments have been conducted at small levels to see the effects of nano-biofortification on wheat plants, a review article providing an overview of such studies and summarizing the benefits and outcomes of wheat nano-biofortification is still lacking. Although a number of review articles are available on the role of nanotechnology in wheat crop, these are mostly focused on the role of nanoparticles in alleviating biotic and abiotic stress conditions in wheat. None of them focused on the prospects of nanotechnology for wheat biofortification. Hence, in this review for the first time, the current advancement in the employment of different nanotechnology-based approaches for wheat biofortification has been outlined. Different strategies including the supply of nano-based macro- and micronutrients that have shown promising results for wheat improvement have been discussed in detail. Understanding several aspects related to the safe usage of nanomaterials and their future perspectives may enhance their successful utilization in terms of economy and fulfillment of nutritional requirements following wheat nano-biofortification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into the Role of Nanomaterials on Anatomical and Physiological and Molecular Indices of Plants under Stress Conditions)
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20 pages, 2172 KiB  
Review
Effects of Silicon and Silicon-Based Nanoparticles on Rhizosphere Microbiome, Plant Stress and Growth
by Vishnu D. Rajput, Tatiana Minkina, Morteza Feizi, Arpna Kumari, Masudulla Khan, Saglara Mandzhieva, Svetlana Sushkova, Hassan El-Ramady, Krishan K. Verma, Abhishek Singh, Eric D. van Hullebusch, Rupesh Kumar Singh, Hanuman Singh Jatav and Ravish Choudhary
Biology 2021, 10(8), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10080791 - 17 Aug 2021
Cited by 121 | Viewed by 11382
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is considered a non-essential element similar to cadmium, arsenic, lead, etc., for plants, yet Si is beneficial to plant growth, so it is also referred to as a quasi-essential element (similar to aluminum, cobalt, sodium and selenium). An element is considered [...] Read more.
Silicon (Si) is considered a non-essential element similar to cadmium, arsenic, lead, etc., for plants, yet Si is beneficial to plant growth, so it is also referred to as a quasi-essential element (similar to aluminum, cobalt, sodium and selenium). An element is considered quasi-essential if it is not required by plants but its absence results in significant negative consequences or anomalies in plant growth, reproduction and development. Si is reported to reduce the negative impacts of different stresses in plants. The significant accumulation of Si on the plant tissue surface is primarily responsible for these positive influences in plants, such as increasing antioxidant activity while reducing soil pollutant absorption. Because of these advantageous properties, the application of Si-based nanoparticles (Si-NPs) in agricultural and food production has received a great deal of interest. Furthermore, conventional Si fertilizers are reported to have low bioavailability; therefore, the development and implementation of nano-Si fertilizers with high bioavailability could be crucial for viable agricultural production. Thus, in this context, the objectives of this review are to summarize the effects of both Si and Si-NPs on soil microbes, soil properties, plant growth and various plant pathogens and diseases. Si-NPs and Si are reported to change the microbial colonies and biomass, could influence rhizospheric microbes and biomass content and are able to improve soil fertility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into the Role of Nanomaterials on Anatomical and Physiological and Molecular Indices of Plants under Stress Conditions)
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