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Biomedicines
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Advances in Chondrocyte Biology
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Advances in Chondrocyte Biology

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 10447

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bo Qiu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
Interests: osteoarthritis; chondrocyte; inflammation; MSC; signaling pathways
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chondrocytes are the cells responsible for cartilage formation and the only cell type in articular cartilage tissue. The differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes are regulated by many transcription factors and signaling pathways. In addition to the mechanical role of articular cartilage in the joints, cartilage is critical for bone development in endochondral ossification, chondrocyte hypertrophy, the inflammatory process, and chondrocyte apoptosis, and also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. This Special Issue, titled "Recent Advances in Chondrocyte Biology", focuses on the molecular mechanisms that regulate chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation, including signaling pathways and cellular processes, as well as the role of chondrocytes in human joint degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis and chondrocyte-based cartilage repair strategies. Authors are encouraged to submit review papers, methodological developments, as well as original research studies for this Special Issue.

Dr. Bo Qiu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • osteoarthritis
  • chondrocyte
  • differentiation
  • proliferation
  • signaling pathways
  • transcription factor
  • inflammation
  • cellular processes
  • cartilage repair

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3134 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Chondrogenic Markers by Exosomes Derived from Cultured Human Synovial Fluid-Derived Cells: A Comparative Analysis of 2D and 3D Conditions
by Bo Han, William Fang, Zhi Yang, Yuntao Wang, Shuqing Zhao, Ba Xuan Hoang and C. Thomas Vangsness, Jr.
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3145; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123145 - 25 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1522
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of exosomes derived from synovial fluid-derived cells (SFDCs) cultured under normoxic conditions in a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer or encapsulated within a three-dimensional (3D) matrix for chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and cartilage [...] Read more.
Objective: The goal of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of exosomes derived from synovial fluid-derived cells (SFDCs) cultured under normoxic conditions in a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer or encapsulated within a three-dimensional (3D) matrix for chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and cartilage defect repair in vivo. Design: Synovial fluid samples were obtained from three patients, and SFDCs were isolated and expanded either in a 2D monolayer culture or seeded within a transglutaminase cross-linked gelatin (Col-Tgel) to create a 3D gel culture. Exosomes derived from each environment were isolated and characterized. Then, their effects on cartilage-cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation were assessed using an in vitro organoid model, and their potential for enhancing cartilage repair was evaluated using a rat cartilage defect model. Results: SFDCs obtained from different donors reached a state of senescence after four passages in 2D culture. However, transferring these cells to a 3D culture environment mitigated the senescence and improved cell viability. The 3D-cultured exosomes exhibited enhanced potency in promoting chondrogenic differentiation, as evidenced by the increased expression of chondrogenic genes and greater deposition of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the 3D-cultured exosomes demonstrated superior effectiveness in enhancing cartilage repair and exhibited better healing properties compared to exosomes derived from a 2D culture. Conclusions: The optimized 3D culture provided a more favorable environment for the proliferation of human synovial cells and the secretion of exosomes compared to the 2D culture. The 3D-cultured exosomes exhibited greater potential for promoting chondrogenic gene expression in vitro and demonstrated improved healing properties in repairing cartilage defects compared to exosomes derived from the 2D culture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chondrocyte Biology)
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14 pages, 12668 KiB  
Article
Role of Syndecan-4 in the Inhibition of Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Osteoarthritis
by Yoshio Hattori, Masahiro Hasegawa, Takahiro Iino, Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida and Akihiro Sudo
Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2257; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082257 - 12 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1507
Abstract
Despite its widespread existence, there are relatively few drugs that can inhibit the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Syndecan-4 (SDC4) is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that modulates cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix. Upregulated SDC4 expression in articular cartilage chondrocytes correlates with OA [...] Read more.
Despite its widespread existence, there are relatively few drugs that can inhibit the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Syndecan-4 (SDC4) is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that modulates cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix. Upregulated SDC4 expression in articular cartilage chondrocytes correlates with OA progression. In the present study, we treated osteoarthritic cartilage with SDC4 to elucidate its role in the disease’s pathology. In this in vitro study, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the effects of SDC4 on anabolic and catabolic factors in cultured chondrocytes. In the in vivo study, we investigated the effect of intra-articular injection of SDC4 into the knee joints of an OA mouse model. In vitro, SDC4 upregulated the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 and downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 in chondrocytes. Injection of SDC4 into the knee joints of OA model mice prevented articular cartilage degeneration 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Immunohistochemical analysis 8 weeks after SDC4 injection into the knee joint revealed decreased ADAMTS-5 expression and increased TIMP-3 expression. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of osteoarthritic articular cartilage with SDC4 inhibits cartilage degeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chondrocyte Biology)
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Review

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27 pages, 3640 KiB  
Review
The Crosstalk Between Cartilage and Bone in Skeletal Growth
by Frank Hernández-García, Ángela Fernández-Iglesias, Julián Rodríguez Suárez, Helena Gil Peña, José M. López and Rocío Fuente Pérez
Biomedicines 2024, 12(12), 2662; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122662 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 457
Abstract
While the flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, most bones in the human body are first formed as cartilage templates. Cartilage is subsequently replaced by bone via [...] Read more.
While the flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, most bones in the human body are first formed as cartilage templates. Cartilage is subsequently replaced by bone via a very tightly regulated process termed endochondral ossification, which is led by chondrocytes of the growth plate (GP). This process requires continuous communication between chondrocytes and invading cell populations, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and vascular cells. A deeper understanding of these signaling pathways is crucial not only for normal skeletal growth and maturation but also for their potential relevance to pathophysiological processes in bones and joints. Due to limited information on the communication between chondrocytes and other cell types in developing bones, this review examines the current knowledge of how interactions between chondrocytes and bone-forming cells modulate bone growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chondrocyte Biology)
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15 pages, 1081 KiB  
Review
Latest Advances in Chondrocyte-Based Cartilage Repair
by Li Yue, Ryan Lim and Brett D. Owens
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1367; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061367 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 2398
Abstract
Chondrocyte-based cell therapy has been used for more than 30 years and is still considered to be a promising method of cartilage repair despite some limitations. This review introduces the latest developments of four generations of autologous chondrocyte implantation and current autologous chondrocyte [...] Read more.
Chondrocyte-based cell therapy has been used for more than 30 years and is still considered to be a promising method of cartilage repair despite some limitations. This review introduces the latest developments of four generations of autologous chondrocyte implantation and current autologous chondrocyte products. The regeneration of cartilage from adult chondrocytes is limited by culture-induced dedifferentiation and patient age. Cartibeads is an innovative three-step method to produce high-quality hyaline cartilage microtissues, and it is developed from adult dedifferentiated chondrocytes with a high number of cell passages. In addition, allogeneic chondrocyte therapies using the Quantum hollow-fiber bioreactor and several signaling pathways involved in chondrocyte-based cartilage repair are mentioned, such as WNT signaling, the BMP-2/WISP1 pathway, and the FGF19 pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chondrocyte Biology)
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21 pages, 2554 KiB  
Review
Evaluation and Application of Silk Fibroin Based Biomaterials to Promote Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritis Therapy
by Xudong Su, Li Wei, Zhenghao Xu, Leilei Qin, Jianye Yang, Yinshuang Zou, Chen Zhao, Li Chen and Ning Hu
Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2244; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082244 - 10 Aug 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2569
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by cartilage damage and degeneration. Traditional treatments such as NSAIDs and joint replacement surgery only relieve pain and do not achieve complete cartilage regeneration. Silk fibroin (SF) biomaterials are novel materials that have been widely [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by cartilage damage and degeneration. Traditional treatments such as NSAIDs and joint replacement surgery only relieve pain and do not achieve complete cartilage regeneration. Silk fibroin (SF) biomaterials are novel materials that have been widely studied and applied to cartilage regeneration. By mimicking the fibrous structure and biological activity of collagen, SF biomaterials can promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and contribute to the formation of new cartilage tissue. In addition, SF biomaterials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability and can be gradually absorbed and metabolized by the human body. Studies in recent years have shown that SF biomaterials have great potential in treating OA and show good clinical efficacy. Therefore, SF biomaterials are expected to be an effective treatment option for promoting cartilage regeneration and repair in patients with OA. This article provides an overview of the biological characteristics of SF, its role in bone and cartilage injuries, and its prospects in clinical applications to provide new perspectives and references for the field of bone and cartilage repair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chondrocyte Biology)
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Other

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12 pages, 6300 KiB  
Case Report
Ochronotic Chondropathy: A Case Report
by Jake Littman, John Pietro, Jon Olansen, Chanika Phornphutkul and Roy K. Aaron
Biomedicines 2023, 11(10), 2625; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102625 - 25 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1189
Abstract
Endogenous ochronosis, also known as alkaptonuria, is a rare disease known for its bluish-black discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and pinnae, as well as urine that turns black upon standing. Though rarely fatal, joint degradation is a common sequela, and many patients require [...] Read more.
Endogenous ochronosis, also known as alkaptonuria, is a rare disease known for its bluish-black discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and pinnae, as well as urine that turns black upon standing. Though rarely fatal, joint degradation is a common sequela, and many patients require multiple large joint arthroplasties throughout their lifetime. Though many aspects of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease have been described, questions remain, such as how the initiation of ochronotic pigmentation is prompted and the specific circumstances that make some tissues more resistant to pigmentation-related damage than others. In this report, we present the case of an 83-year-old female previously diagnosed with alkaptonuria including high-quality arthroscopic images displaying the fraying of articular cartilage. We also offer a summary of the latest literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, including cellular-level changes observed in ochronotic chondrocytes, biochemical and mechanical alterations to the cartilaginous extracellular matrix, and patterns of pigmentation and joint degradation observed in humans and mice models. With these, we present an overview of the mechanisms of ochronotic chondropathy and joint degradation as the processes are currently understood. While alkaptonuria itself is rare, it has been termed a “fundamental disease,” implying that its study and greater understanding have the potential to lead to insights in skeletal biology in general, as well as more common pathologies such as osteoarthritis and their potential treatment mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chondrocyte Biology)
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