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Biomimetics
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Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration
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Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration

A special issue of Biomimetics (ISSN 2313-7673). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomimetics of Materials and Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 18887

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mihai Valentin Predoi

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, BN 002, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: numerical simulation of ultrasound propagation; nondestructive ultrasonic technique for biomaterials; sound propagation simulation; nonlinear vibrations; plate vibrations; vibrations in aeronautical structures; finite elements analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Simona Liliana Iconaru

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania
Interests: biomaterials; biomedical applications; environmental applications; surface analysis; antimicrobial properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carmen Steluta Ciobanu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania
Interests: biomaterials; nanoparticles; hydroxyapatite; biomedical applications; physico-chemical properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A biomaterial is a material designed to interact with biological systems for either therapeutic or medical diagnostic purposes. Various biomaterials have been developed for use as synthetic bone graft substitutes, ranging from metals to polymers. However, bioceramics remain the most used material. Furthermore, calcium orthophosphates (CaP), due to their similarity to the mineral phase of bone, are the most widely used. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the only CaP that can be obtained both by precipitation in aqueous systems at low temperature and by reaction in the solid state. HAp represents approximately 65% of the weight of bone tissue, but the properties of bone are not only explained by its composition, but also by its complex structure.

In this Special Issue, we aim to bring together interdisciplinary studies focused on research on recent advances in the creation of innovative and functional nanostructured materials that could be used in bone generation.

Prof. Dr. Mihai Valentin Predoi
Dr. Simona Liliana Iconaru
Dr. Carmen Steluta Ciobanu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomimetics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydroxyapatite
  • calcium phosphate
  • biomaterials
  • bioceramics
  • bone regeneration

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

15 pages, 13143 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Iron Oxide Insertion on the In Vitro Bioactivity, and Antibacterial Properties of the 45S5 Bioactive Glass
by Imen Hammami, Suresh Kumar Jakka, Isabel Sá-Nogueira, João Paulo Borges and Manuel Pedro Fernandes Graça
Biomimetics 2024, 9(6), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9060325 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 969
Abstract
The aging population and increasing incidence of trauma among younger age groups have heightened the increasing demand for reliable implant materials. Effective implant materials must demonstrate rapid osseointegration and strong antibacterial properties to ensure optimal patient outcomes and decrease the chance of implant [...] Read more.
The aging population and increasing incidence of trauma among younger age groups have heightened the increasing demand for reliable implant materials. Effective implant materials must demonstrate rapid osseointegration and strong antibacterial properties to ensure optimal patient outcomes and decrease the chance of implant rejection. This study aims to enhance the bone–implant interface by utilizing 45S5 bioglass modified with various concentrations of Fe3O4 as a coating material. The effect of the insertion of Fe3O4 into the bioglass structure was studied using Raman spectroscopy which shows that with the increase in Fe3O4 concentration, new vibration bands associated with Fe-related structural units appeared within the sample. The bioactivity of the prepared glasses was evaluated using immersion tests in simulated body fluid, revealing the formation of a calcium phosphate-rich layer within 24 h on the samples, indicating their potential for enhanced tissue integration. However, the sample modified with 8 mol% of Fe3O4 showed low reactivity, developing a calcium phosphate-rich layer within 96 h. All the bioglasses showed antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The modified bioglass did not present significant antibacterial properties compared to the bioglass base. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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25 pages, 20360 KiB  
Article
Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Activity of Samarium-Doped Hydroxyapatite—Biomimetic Nanoceramics for Bone Regeneration Applications
by Mihaela Balas, Madalina Andreea Badea, Steluta Carmen Ciobanu, Florentina Piciu, Simona Liliana Iconaru, Anca Dinischiotu and Daniela Predoi
Biomimetics 2024, 9(6), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9060309 - 22 May 2024
Viewed by 1251
Abstract
In this study, we report on the development of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and samarium-doped hydroxyapatite (SmHAp) nanoparticles using a cost-effective method and their biological effects on a bone-derived cell line MC3T3-E1. The physicochemical and biological features of HAp and SmHAp nanoparticles are explored. The [...] Read more.
In this study, we report on the development of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and samarium-doped hydroxyapatite (SmHAp) nanoparticles using a cost-effective method and their biological effects on a bone-derived cell line MC3T3-E1. The physicochemical and biological features of HAp and SmHAp nanoparticles are explored. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that no additional peaks were observed after the integration of samarium (Sm) ions into the HAp structure. Valuable information regarding the molecular structure and morphological features of nanoparticles were obtained by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The elemental composition obtained by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of the HAp constituent elements, Ca, O, and P, as well as the presence and uniform distribution of Sm3+ ions. Both HAp and SmHAp nanoparticles demonstrated biocompatibility at concentrations below 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL, respectively, for up to 72 h of exposure. Cell membrane integrity was preserved following treatment with concentrations up to 100 μg/mL HAp and 400 μg/mL SmHAp, confirming the role of Sm3+ ions in enhancing the cytocompatibility of HAp. Furthermore, our findings reveal a positive, albeit limited, effect of SmHAp nanoparticles on the actin dynamics, osteogenesis, and cell migration compared to HAp nanoparticles. Importantly, the biological results highlight the potential role of Sm3+ ions in maintaining cellular balance by mitigating disruptions in Ca2+ homeostasis induced by HAp nanoparticles. Therefore, our study represents a significant contribution to the safety assessment of both HAp and SmHAp nanoparticles for biomedical applications focused on bone regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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Graphical abstract

18 pages, 6343 KiB  
Article
Combination of a Synthetic Bioceramic Associated with a Polydioxanone-Based Membrane as an Alternative to Autogenous Bone Grafting
by Paula Buzo Frigério, Juliana de Moura, Letícia Pitol-Palin, Naara Gabriela Monteiro, Carlos Fernando Mourão, Jamil Awad Shibli and Roberta Okamoto
Biomimetics 2024, 9(5), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9050284 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 1132
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repair process in rat calvaria filled with synthetic biphasic bioceramics (Plenum® Osshp-70:30, HA:βTCP) or autogenous bone, covered with a polydioxanone membrane (PDO). A total of 48 rats were divided into two groups ( [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repair process in rat calvaria filled with synthetic biphasic bioceramics (Plenum® Osshp-70:30, HA:βTCP) or autogenous bone, covered with a polydioxanone membrane (PDO). A total of 48 rats were divided into two groups (n = 24): particulate autogenous bone + Plenum® Guide (AUTOPT+PG) or Plenum® Osshp + Plenum® Guide (PO+PG). A defect was created in the calvaria, filled with the grafts, and covered with a PDO membrane, and euthanasia took place at 7, 30, and 60 days. Micro-CT showed no statistical difference between the groups, but there was an increase in bone volume (56.26%), the number of trabeculae (2.76 mm), and intersection surface (26.76 mm2) and a decrease in total porosity (43.79%) in the PO+PG group, as well as higher values for the daily mineral apposition rate (7.16 µm/day). Histometric analysis presented material replacement and increased bone formation at 30 days compared to 7 days in both groups. Immunostaining showed a similar pattern between the groups, with an increase in proteins related to bone remodeling and formation. In conclusion, Plenum® Osshp + Plenum® Guide showed similar and sometimes superior results when compared to autogenous bone, making it a competent option as a bone substitute. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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17 pages, 20940 KiB  
Article
Strontium and Copper Co-Doped Multifunctional Calcium Phosphates: Biomimetic and Antibacterial Materials for Bone Implants
by Vladimir N. Lebedev, Mariya I. Kharovskaya, Bogdan I. Lazoryak, Anastasiya O. Solovieva, Inna V. Fadeeva, Abdulkarim A. Amirov, Maksim A. Koliushenkov, Farid F. Orudzhev, Oksana V. Baryshnikova, Viktoriya G. Yankova, Julietta V. Rau and Dina V. Deyneko
Biomimetics 2024, 9(4), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9040252 - 20 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2017
Abstract
β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a promising material in regenerative traumatology for the creation of bone implants. Previously, it was established that doping the structure with certain cations can reduce the growth of bacterial activity. Recently, much attention has been paid to co-doped β-TCP, [...] Read more.
β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a promising material in regenerative traumatology for the creation of bone implants. Previously, it was established that doping the structure with certain cations can reduce the growth of bacterial activity. Recently, much attention has been paid to co-doped β-TCP, that is explained by their ability, on the one hand, to reduce cytotoxicity for cells of the human organism, on the other hand, to achieve a successful antibacterial effect. Sr, Cu-co-doped solid solutions of the composition Ca9.5–xSrxCu(PO4)7 was obtained by the method of solid-phase reactions. The Rietveld method of structural refinement revealed the presence of Sr2+ ions in four crystal sites: M1, M2, M3, and M4. The M5 site is completely occupied by Cu2+. Isomorphic substitution of Ca2+ → (Sr2+and Cu2+) expands the concentration limits of the existence of the solid solution with the β-TCP structure. No additional phases were formed up to x = 4.5 in Ca9.5–xSrxCu(PO4)7. Biocompatibility tests were performed on cell lines of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC), human fibroblasts (MRC-5) and osteoblasts (U-2OS). It was demonstrated that cytotoxicity exhibited a concentration dependence, along with an increase in osteogenesis and cell proliferation. Ca9.5–xSrxCu(PO4)7 powders showed significant inhibitory activity against pathogenic strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Piezoelectric properties of Ca9.5–xSrxCu(PO4)7 were investigated. Possible ways to achieve high piezoelectric response are discussed. The combination of bioactive properties of Ca9.5–xSrxCu(PO4)7 renders them multifunctional materials suitable for bone substitutes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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15 pages, 18476 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Copper Oxide Substitution on Structure, Morphology, Bioactivity, and Electrical Properties of 45S5 Bioglass®
by Imen Hammami, Manuel Pedro Fernandes Graça, Sílvia Rodrigues Gavinho, Suresh Kumar Jakka, João Paulo Borges, Jorge Carvalho Silva and Luís Cadillon Costa
Biomimetics 2024, 9(4), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9040213 - 2 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1653
Abstract
In recent decades, the requirements for implantable medical devices have increased, but the risks of implant rejection still exist. These issues are primarily associated with poor osseointegration, leading to biofilm formation on the implant surface. This study focuses on addressing these issues by [...] Read more.
In recent decades, the requirements for implantable medical devices have increased, but the risks of implant rejection still exist. These issues are primarily associated with poor osseointegration, leading to biofilm formation on the implant surface. This study focuses on addressing these issues by developing a biomaterial for implant coatings. 45S5 bioglass® has been widely used in tissue engineering due to its ability to form a hydroxyapatite layer, ensuring a strong bond between the hard tissue and the bioglass. In this context, 45S5 bioglasses®, modified by the incorporation of different amounts of copper oxide, from 0 to 8 mol%, were synthesized by the melt–quenching technique. The incorporation of Cu ions did not show a significant change in the glass structure. Since the bioglass exhibited the capacity for being polarized, thereby promoting the osseointegration effectiveness, the electrical properties of the prepared samples were studied using the impedance spectroscopy method, in the frequency range of 102–106 Hz and temperature range of 200–400 K. The effects of CuO on charge transport mobility were investigated. Additionally, the bioactivity of the modified bioglasses was evaluated through immersion tests in simulated body fluid. The results revealed the initiation of a Ca–P-rich layer formation on the surface within 24 h, indicating the potential of the bioglasses to enhance the bone regeneration process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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22 pages, 6382 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial and Cell-Friendly Properties of Cobalt and Nickel-Doped Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics
by Dina V. Deyneko, Vladimir N. Lebedev, Katia Barbaro, Vladimir V. Titkov, Bogdan I. Lazoryak, Inna V. Fadeeva, Alevtina N. Gosteva, Irina L. Udyanskaya, Sergey M. Aksenov and Julietta V. Rau
Biomimetics 2024, 9(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9010014 - 31 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1792
Abstract
β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is widely used as bone implant material. It has been observed that doping the β-TCP structure with certain cations can help in combating bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. Previous literature investigations have focused on tricalcium phosphate structures with silver, copper, zinc, [...] Read more.
β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is widely used as bone implant material. It has been observed that doping the β-TCP structure with certain cations can help in combating bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. Previous literature investigations have focused on tricalcium phosphate structures with silver, copper, zinc, and iron cations. However, there are limited studies available on the biological properties of β-TCP containing nickel and cobalt ions. In this work, Ca10.5−xNix(PO4)7 and Ca10.5−xCox(PO4)7 solid solutions with the β-Ca3(PO4)2 structure were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction. Structural studies revealed the β-TCP structure becomes saturated at 9.5 mol/% for Co2+ or Ni2+ ions. Beyond this saturation point, Ni2+ and Co2+ ions form impurity phases after complete occupying of the octahedral M5 site. The incorporation of these ions into the β-TCP crystal structure delays the phase transition to the α-TCP phase and stabilizes the structure as the temperature increases. Biocompatibility tests conducted on adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (aMSC) using the (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay showed that all prepared samples did not exhibit cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, there was no inhibition of cell differentiation into the osteogenic lineage. Antibacterial properties were studied on the C. albicans fungus and on E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa bacteria strains. The Ni- and Co-doped β-TCP series exhibited varying degrees of bacterial growth inhibition depending on the doping ion concentration and the specific bacteria strain or fungus. The combination of antibacterial activity and cell-friendly properties makes these phosphates promising candidates for anti-infection bone substitute materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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Review

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31 pages, 4794 KiB  
Review
Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration: A Narrative Review
by Baylee M. Brochu, Savanah R. Sturm, Joao Arthur Kawase De Queiroz Goncalves, Nicholas A. Mirsky, Adriana I. Sandino, Kayaan Zubin Panthaki, Karl Zubin Panthaki, Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak, Sylvia Daunert, Lukasz Witek and Paulo G. Coelho
Biomimetics 2024, 9(11), 690; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9110690 - 12 Nov 2024
Viewed by 800
Abstract
Large osseous defects resulting from trauma, tumor resection, or fracture render the inherent ability of the body to repair inadequate and necessitate the use of bone grafts to facilitate the recovery of both form and function of the bony defect sites. In the [...] Read more.
Large osseous defects resulting from trauma, tumor resection, or fracture render the inherent ability of the body to repair inadequate and necessitate the use of bone grafts to facilitate the recovery of both form and function of the bony defect sites. In the United States alone, a large number of bone graft procedures are performed yearly, making it an essential area of investigation and research. Synthetic grafts represent a potential alterative to autografts due to their patient-specific customizability, but currently lack widespread acceptance in the clinical space. Early in their development, non-autologous bone grafts composed of metals such as stainless steel and titanium alloys were favorable due to their biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, mechanical strength, and durability. However, since their inception, bioceramics have also evolved as viable alternatives. This review aims to present an overview of the fundamental prerequisites for tissue engineering devices using bioceramics as well as to provide a comprehensive account of their historical usage and significant advancements over time. This review includes a summary of commonly used manufacturing techniques and an evaluation of their use as drug carriers and bioactive coatings—for therapeutic ion/drug release, and potential avenues to further enhance hard tissue regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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12 pages, 2037 KiB  
Review
Clinical Application of Unidirectional Porous Hydroxyapatite to Bone Tumor Surgery and Other Orthopedic Surgery
by Toshiyuki Kunisada, Eiji Nakata, Tomohiro Fujiwara, Toshiaki Hata, Kohei Sato, Haruyoshi Katayama, Ayana Kondo and Toshifumi Ozaki
Biomimetics 2024, 9(5), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9050294 - 15 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1368
Abstract
Unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite (UDPHAp) was developed as a remarkable scaffold characterized by a distinct structure with unidirectional pores oriented in the horizontal direction and connected through interposes. We evaluated the radiographic changes, clinical outcomes, and complications following UDPHAp implantation for the treatment of [...] Read more.
Unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite (UDPHAp) was developed as a remarkable scaffold characterized by a distinct structure with unidirectional pores oriented in the horizontal direction and connected through interposes. We evaluated the radiographic changes, clinical outcomes, and complications following UDPHAp implantation for the treatment of bone tumors. Excellent bone formation within and around the implant was observed in all patients treated with intralesional resection and UDPHAp implantation for benign bone tumors. The absorption of UDPHAp and remodeling of the bone marrow space was observed in 45% of the patients at a mean of 17 months postoperatively and was significantly more common in younger patients. Preoperative cortical thinning was completely regenerated in 84% of patients at a mean of 10 months postoperatively. No complications related to the implanted UDPHAp were observed. In a pediatric patient with bone sarcoma, when the defect after fibular resection was filled with UDPHAp implants, radiography showed complete resorption of the implant and clear formation of cortex and marrow in the resected part of the fibula. The patient could walk well without crutches and participate in sports activities. UDPHAp is a useful bone graft substitute for the treatment of benign bone tumors, and the use of this material has a low complication rate. We also review and discuss the potential of UDPHAp as a bone graft substitute in the clinical setting of orthopedic surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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22 pages, 2937 KiB  
Review
The Role of Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration: History, Mechanisms, and Future Perspectives
by Md Amit Hasan Tanvir, Md Abdul Khaleque, Ga-Hyun Kim, Whang-Yong Yoo and Young-Yul Kim
Biomimetics 2024, 9(4), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9040230 - 12 Apr 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3151
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder marked by compromised bone integrity, predisposing individuals, particularly older adults and postmenopausal women, to fractures. The advent of bioceramics for bone regeneration has opened up auspicious pathways for addressing osteoporosis. Research indicates that bioceramics can help bones grow [...] Read more.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder marked by compromised bone integrity, predisposing individuals, particularly older adults and postmenopausal women, to fractures. The advent of bioceramics for bone regeneration has opened up auspicious pathways for addressing osteoporosis. Research indicates that bioceramics can help bones grow back by activating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin pathways in the body when combined with stem cells, drugs, and other supports. Still, bioceramics have some problems, such as not being flexible enough and prone to breaking, as well as difficulties in growing stem cells and discovering suitable supports for different bone types. While there have been improvements in making bioceramics better for healing bones, it is important to keep looking for new ideas from different areas of medicine to make them even better. By conducting a thorough scrutiny of the pivotal role bioceramics play in facilitating bone regeneration, this review aspires to propel forward the rapidly burgeoning domain of scientific exploration. In the end, this appreciation will contribute to the development of novel bioceramics that enhance bone regrowth and offer patients with bone disorders alternative treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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Other

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20 pages, 1529 KiB  
Systematic Review
Bone Regeneration Capabilities of Scaffolds Containing Chitosan and Nanometric Hydroxyapatite—Systematic Review Based on In Vivo Examinations
by Paweł J. Piszko, Aleksandra Piszko, Sylwia Kiryk, Jan Kiryk, Tomasz Horodniczy, Natalia Struzik, Kamila Wiśniewska, Jacek Matys and Maciej Dobrzyński
Biomimetics 2024, 9(8), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9080503 - 20 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1306
Abstract
In this systematic review, the authors aimed to investigate the state of knowledge on in vivo evaluations of chitosan and nanometric hydroxyapatite (nanohydroxyapatite, nHAp) scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration. In March 2024, an electronic search was systematically conducted across the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web [...] Read more.
In this systematic review, the authors aimed to investigate the state of knowledge on in vivo evaluations of chitosan and nanometric hydroxyapatite (nanohydroxyapatite, nHAp) scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration. In March 2024, an electronic search was systematically conducted across the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases using the keywords (hydroxyapatite) AND (chitosan) AND (scaffold) AND (biomimetic). Methodologically, the systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol to the letter. Initially, a total of 375 studies were screened, and 164 duplicates were removed. A further 188 articles were excluded because they did not correspond to the predefined topics, and an additional 3 articles were eliminated due to the inability to obtain the full text. The final compilation included 20 studies. All publications indicated a potential beneficial effect of the scaffolds in in vivo bone defect repair. A beneficial effect of hydroxyapatite as a scaffold component was observed in 16 studies, including greater mechanical resistance, cellular differentiation, and enhanced bone damage regeneration. The addition of chitosan and apatite ceramics, which combined the strengths of both materials, had the potential to become a useful bone-tissue engineering material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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17 pages, 1246 KiB  
Systematic Review
Influence of Immediate Dentin Sealing on Bond Strength of Resin-Based CAD/CAM Restoratives to Dentin: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies
by Iliana Antoniou, Petros Mourouzis, Dimitrios Dionysopoulos, Panagiotis Pandoleon and Kosmas Tolidis
Biomimetics 2024, 9(5), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9050267 - 28 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2124
Abstract
Immediate dentin sealing (IDS) is a method of improving the bond strength of indirect dental restorative materials to dentin and belongs to the biomimetic protocols of contemporary dentistry. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of IDS on the [...] Read more.
Immediate dentin sealing (IDS) is a method of improving the bond strength of indirect dental restorative materials to dentin and belongs to the biomimetic protocols of contemporary dentistry. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of IDS on the bond strength of resin-based CAD/CAM materials to dentin. PubMed and MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Web of Science were searched by two individual researchers, namely for studies that have been published in English between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2023 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The inclusion criteria encompassed articles related to in vitro studies, measuring the bond strength through microtensile bond strength (μ-TBS), micro-shear bond strength (μ-SBS), tensile bond strength (TBS) or shear bond strength (SBS) tests after the use of the IDS technique. The included restorative materials comprised resin-based CAD/CAM materials bonded to dentin. A total of 1821 studies were identified, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was not deemed appropriate due to the high level of diversity inthe publications and techniques. The use of IDS yielded higher bond strength outcomesin various experimental conditions and resin-based CAD/CAM materials. Overall, IDS in CAD/CAM restorations may contribute to better clinical outcomesand improved restoration longevity due to this property. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration)
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