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Biomimetics
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Bioengineering of Biomimetic Microenvironments for Tissue Engineering
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Bioengineering of Biomimetic Microenvironments for Tissue Engineering

A special issue of Biomimetics (ISSN 2313-7673). This special issue belongs to the section "Development of Biomimetic Methodology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 7888

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiaoming Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering (BSME), Beihang University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
Interests: biomaterials; scanfolds; extracellular matrix; tissue engineering
Prof. Dr. Huiqi Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Professor-Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Interests: regeneration; mesenchymal stem cell; adult stem cells; tissue engineering; extracellular matrix materials; tissue regeneration and repair; organ repair and regeneration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tissue engineering is currently attracting more and more attention because it could hopefully resolve the big challenge in properly repairing tissue defects larger than the critical size. Biomimetic microenvironments have crucial effects on tissue regeneration. Therefore, over the last more than two decades, lots of studies have focused on the bioengineering of biomimetic microenvironments by appropriately controlling the components and structures of implanting scaffolds, mainly including the selection of original materials, design and construction of scaffolds, optimization and modification of scaffolds, loading of biological molecules, even culture of cells, etc. Meanwhile, many experiments both in vitro and in vivo have been launched to explore the effectiveness of the above strategies and reveal the related mechanisms. This is of relevance in materials science, engineering, chemistry, biological science, medicine, biofabrication, sensor technologies, and many more fields.

This Special Issue on “Bioengineering of Biomimetic Microenvironments for Tissue Engineering” calls for contributions from researchers and thinkers in all realms of the above related fields and welcomes theoretical, experimental, and review contributions from biomimeticians, biologists, material scientists, engineers, medical scientists, and therapists alike who are engaged and interested in this fast-growing field.

Prof. Dr. Xiaoming Li
Prof. Dr. Huiqi Xie
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomimetics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tissue engineering
  • tissue regeneration
  • biomimetic microenvironments
  • bioengineering
  • implanting scaffolds
  • tissue defect repair

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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15 pages, 4214 KiB  
Article
Substrate Stiffness of Bone Microenvironment Controls Functions of Pre-Osteoblasts and Fibroblasts In Vitro
by Shenghan Gao, Bo Chen, Min Gao, Yue Xu, Xueyi Yang, Chun Yang and Shaoxia Pan
Biomimetics 2023, 8(4), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8040344 - 4 Aug 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1680
Abstract
The formation of bone in a bone defect is accomplished by osteoblasts, while the over activation of fibroblasts promotes fibrosis. However, it is not clear how the extracellular matrix stiffness of the bone-regeneration microenvironment affects the function of osteoblasts and fibroblasts. This study [...] Read more.
The formation of bone in a bone defect is accomplished by osteoblasts, while the over activation of fibroblasts promotes fibrosis. However, it is not clear how the extracellular matrix stiffness of the bone-regeneration microenvironment affects the function of osteoblasts and fibroblasts. This study aim to investigate the effect of bone-regeneration microenvironment stiffness on cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, synthesizing matrix ability and its potential mechanisms in mechanotransduction, in pre-osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Polyacrylamide substrates mimicking the matrix stiffness of different stages of the bone-healing process (15 kPa, mimic granulation tissue; 35 kPa, mimic osteoid; 150 kPa, mimic calcified bone matrix) were prepared. Mouse pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 and mouse fibroblasts NIH3T3 were plated on three types of substrates, respectively. There were significant differences in the adhesion of pre-osteoblasts and fibroblasts on different polyacrylamide substrates. Runx2 expression increased with increasing substrate stiffness in pre-osteoblasts, while no statistical differences were found in the Acta2 expression in fibroblasts on three substrates. OPN expression in pre-osteoblasts, as well as Fn1 and Col1a1 expression in fibroblasts, decreased with increasing stiffness. The difference between the cell traction force generated by pre-osteoblasts and fibroblasts on substrates was also found. Our results indicated that substrate stiffness is a potent regulator of pre-osteoblasts and fibroblasts with the ability of promoting osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts, while having no effect on myofibroblast differentiation of fibroblasts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioengineering of Biomimetic Microenvironments for Tissue Engineering)
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17 pages, 35317 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Cell-Loaded Microbeads as Stable and Injectable Delivery Platforms for Tissue Engineering
by Mehmet Ali Karaca, Derya Dilek Kancagi, Ugur Ozbek, Ercument Ovali and Ozgul Gok
Biomimetics 2023, 8(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8020155 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2760
Abstract
Cell transplants in therapeutic studies do not preserve their long-term function inside the donor body. In mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplants, transplanted cells disperse through the body and are prone to degradation by immune cells after the transplant process. Various strategies, such as [...] Read more.
Cell transplants in therapeutic studies do not preserve their long-term function inside the donor body. In mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplants, transplanted cells disperse through the body and are prone to degradation by immune cells after the transplant process. Various strategies, such as usage of the immunosuppressive drugs to eliminate allograft rejection, are designed to increase the efficiency of cell therapy. Another strategy is the construction of biomimetic encapsulates using polymeric materials, which isolate stem cells and protect them from environmental effects. In this study, fibroblasts (L929) and MSCs were investigated for their improved viability and functionality once encapsulated inside the alginate microbeads under in vitro conditions for up to 12 days of incubation. Thus, uniform and injectable (<200 µm) cell-loaded microbeads were constructed by the electrostatically assisted spraying technique. Results showed that both L929 and MSCs cells continue their metabolic activity inside the microbeads during the incubation periods. Glucose consumption and lactic acid production levels of both cell lines were consistently observed. The released cell number on day 12 was found to be increased compared to day 0. Protein expression levels of both groups increased every day with the expected doubling rate. Hence, this strategy with a simple yet clever design to encapsulate either MSCs or L929 cells might outstand as a potential cell delivery platform for cell therapy-based tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioengineering of Biomimetic Microenvironments for Tissue Engineering)
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25 pages, 8875 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional FEA Analysis of the Stress Distribution on Titanium and Graphene Frameworks Supported by 3 or 6-Implant Models
by Shrikar R. Desai, Kiran Deepak Koulgikar, Nasser Raqe Alqhtani, Ali Robaian Alqahtani, Abdullah Saad Alqahtani, Adel Alenazi, Artak Heboyan, Gustavo V. O. Fernandes and Mohammed Mustafa
Biomimetics 2023, 8(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010015 - 1 Jan 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2862
Abstract
Titanium is the main component of dental implants. It is also routinely used as a framework material for implant-supported full-arch prostheses due to its low density, biocompatibility, and other mechanical properties. Remarkable mechanical properties such as lesser mass density and higher young’s modulus [...] Read more.
Titanium is the main component of dental implants. It is also routinely used as a framework material for implant-supported full-arch prostheses due to its low density, biocompatibility, and other mechanical properties. Remarkable mechanical properties such as lesser mass density and higher young’s modulus of graphene have gained popularity among scientists, improving the properties of biomedical implants. Thus, our study aimed to compare the outcome through the von Mises stresses generated on All-on-6 and All-on-3 implant models, as well as on the framework, and evaluate the effect of stress patterns on the crestal bone around implants in the mandible. FEA (Finite Element Analysis) study was carried out using edentulous mandible models. Four 3D FEA models with 3 and 6 implants were used (Model 1: Titanium bar-supported 6 straight implants; Model 2: Graphene bar-supported 6 straight implants; Model 3: Titanium bar-supported 3 implants with 30 degrees-tilted; Model 4: Graphene bar-supported 3 implants with 30 degrees-tilted) in order to simulate endosseous implant designs. The implant measuring 4.2 mm in diameter and 11.5 mm in length were used. The most distal implants in the 3-implant models were placed with angulation of 30 degrees; in 6 implants, they were vertically placed. All the models were analyzed for vertical and oblique axis with a single force magnitude of 100 N. In all four implant models and under loading conditions, the peak stress points were always on the neck of the most distal implant. von Mises stresses were within the normal stress range. In a conventional six-straight implant model supported by a titanium framework, the cortical stress in the region of implants was 25.27 MPa, whereas, in the graphene framework, it was 12.18 MPa. Under vertical load, there was a significant difference in the cortical stress around the tilted implants (30 degrees) in the 3-implant system of titanium and graphene frameworks, respectively, 70.31 MPa and 21.27 MPa. The graphene framework demonstrated better results than the titanium framework for the conventional six-implant system under vertical load, achieving stress of 30.09 MPa and 76.60 MPa, respectively. In the case of the 3-implant system, a significant difference in the bar stress was observed between graphene and titanium, respectively, 256.32 MPa and 180.1 MPa of bar stress. Within the limitation of this study, the peri-implant stresses were decreased using graphene framework models. Hence, it was possible to conclude that the best load-bearing capacity results were found in the graphene framework group compared to the titanium framework for All-on-6 and All-on-3 implant models, even though both materials are reliable options used as framework materials in implant-supported full-arch prostheses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioengineering of Biomimetic Microenvironments for Tissue Engineering)
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