New Insight into the Molecular Genetics of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 3621

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Genetics Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
Interests: neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) and epilepsy; next-generation sequencing (NGS); medical genetics; molecular genetics; functional genomics

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Guest Editor
Institute of Medical Genetics, Academic Hospital "Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale", 33100 Udine, Italy
Interests: neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) and epilepsy; gene discovery; clinical genetics; dysmorphology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of rare diseases mainly of genetic origin, resulting from abnormal brain development and characterized by impaired cognition, communication, adaptive functioning deficits, and impaired psychomotor skills. NDDs which include rare genetic syndromes, intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy, have proven to be genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous raising unexpected difficulties to the phenotype-driven approach to diagnosis. The advances in genetic testing achieved through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) have shown an enormous improvement in discovering genes associated with NDDs. However, interpreting the pathogenetic role of variants of unknown significance requires rigorous evaluation of multiple lines of evidence, including the functional effect of the variants at the protein, cellular, or model organism levels. With a better understanding of the molecular pathomechanisms and phenotypic spectra, patient management can be improved and targeted therapeutics may become more available.

This Special Issue aims to provide updates on New Insight into the Molecular Genetics of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

We welcome Research Articles, Reviews, and Communications focused on the issue topic, including molecular, functional or animal studies modelling specific disorders and deep genotype-phenotype correlation. We look forward to your valuable contributions.

Dr. Luciana Musante
Dr. Flavio Faletra
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • neurodevelopmental disorders
  • next generation sequencing
  • pathomechanisms
  • phenotypic spectra
  • phenotype-genotype correlation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 1045 KiB  
Article
Risk and Resilience Variants in the Retinoic Acid Metabolic and Developmental Pathways Associated with Risk of FASD Outcomes
by Leo McKay, Berardino Petrelli, Molly Pind, James N. Reynolds, Richard F. Wintle, Albert E. Chudley, Britt Drögemöller, Abraham Fainsod, Stephen W. Scherer, Ana Hanlon-Dearman and Geoffrey G. Hicks
Biomolecules 2024, 14(5), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14050569 - 10 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1442
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an estimated 2–5% of North Americans. FASD is induced by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) during pregnancy and while there is a clear genetic contribution, few genetic factors are currently identified or [...] Read more.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an estimated 2–5% of North Americans. FASD is induced by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) during pregnancy and while there is a clear genetic contribution, few genetic factors are currently identified or understood. In this study, using a candidate gene approach, we performed a genetic variant analysis of retinoic acid (RA) metabolic and developmental signaling pathway genes on whole exome sequencing data of 23 FASD-diagnosed individuals. We found risk and resilience alleles in ADH and ALDH genes known to normally be involved in alcohol detoxification at the expense of RA production, causing RA deficiency, following PAE. Risk and resilience variants were also identified in RA-regulated developmental pathway genes, especially in SHH and WNT pathways. Notably, we also identified significant variants in the causative genes of rare neurodevelopmental disorders sharing comorbidities with FASD, including STRA6 (Matthew–Wood), SOX9 (Campomelic Dysplasia), FDG1 (Aarskog), and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (TBX1). Although this is a small exploratory study, the findings support PAE-induced RA deficiency as a major etiology underlying FASD and suggest risk and resilience variants may be suitable biomarkers to determine the risk of FASD outcomes following PAE. Full article
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18 pages, 336 KiB  
Review
Molecular Genetics of Acquired Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
by Anne-Marie Neumann and Stefan Britsch
Biomolecules 2024, 14(6), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14060669 - 7 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1336
Abstract
An epilepsy diagnosis reduces a patient’s quality of life tremendously, and it is a fate shared by over 50 million people worldwide. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is largely considered a nongenetic or acquired form of epilepsy that develops in consequence of neuronal trauma [...] Read more.
An epilepsy diagnosis reduces a patient’s quality of life tremendously, and it is a fate shared by over 50 million people worldwide. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is largely considered a nongenetic or acquired form of epilepsy that develops in consequence of neuronal trauma by injury, malformations, inflammation, or a prolonged (febrile) seizure. Although extensive research has been conducted to understand the process of epileptogenesis, a therapeutic approach to stop its manifestation or to reliably cure the disease has yet to be developed. In this review, we briefly summarize the current literature predominately based on data from excitotoxic rodent models on the cellular events proposed to drive epileptogenesis and thoroughly discuss the major molecular pathways involved, with a focus on neurogenesis-related processes and transcription factors. Furthermore, recent investigations emphasized the role of the genetic background for the acquisition of epilepsy, including variants of neurodevelopmental genes. Mutations in associated transcription factors may have the potential to innately increase the vulnerability of the hippocampus to develop epilepsy following an injury—an emerging perspective on the epileptogenic process in acquired forms of epilepsy. Full article

Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: FASD and more specifically on miRNA expression modifications (buccal cells and blood samples)
Authors: Laëtitia Sennsfelder
Affiliation: Laboratoire EPI (Etudes pharmaco-immunologiques), UFR Santé, Université de La Réunion, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France

Title: immune dysregulation in Roifman Syndrome
Authors: Chaim Roifman
Affiliation: Division of Immunology & Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Title: DEVELOPMENTAL EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHIES: PATHOGENESIS OF MENTAL RETARDATION BEYOND CHANELLOPATHIES
Authors: Victor Tarabykin
Affiliation: Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin

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