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Biomolecules
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Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicology of Small-Molecule Drugs and Nanomedicine
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Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicology of Small-Molecule Drugs and Nanomedicine

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 11108

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jonghan Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
Interests: metal transport; metal disorders; chelation; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics; drug safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue on “Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicology of Small-Molecule Drugs and Nanomedicine”, we will address the main aspects of the physicochemical, physiological, and genetic factors that determine and alter the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and toxicity of various substances, including chemicals, drugs, and nanomaterials. This Special Issue will cover current advances in small-molecule and nanoparticle therapies in the fields of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, or toxicology. These efforts provide researchers and clinicians with an improved understanding and prediction of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of drugs and nanomedicine. The topics of this Special Issue include novel mechanisms, approaches, and models, in addition to their applications. Both original research articles and review articles are welcomed.

Dr. Jonghan Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pharmacokinetics
  • pharmacodynamics
  • pharmacogenomics
  • absorption
  • metabolism
  • toxicity
  • drug safety
  • nanomedicine
  • nanoparticle
  • physiologically-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK)
  • pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modeling

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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7 pages, 453 KiB  
Communication
Considerations for Applying Route-to-Route Extrapolation to Assess the Safety of Oral Exposure to Substances
by Shruti V. Kabadi, Jeffrey Fisher, Benjamin Hung and Jason Aungst
Biomolecules 2023, 13(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13010005 - 20 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1666
Abstract
The safety evaluation of oral exposure to substances, such as food ingredients, additives, and their constituents, relies primarily on a careful evaluation and analysis of data from oral toxicity studies. When relevant oral toxicity studies are unavailable or may have significant data gaps [...] Read more.
The safety evaluation of oral exposure to substances, such as food ingredients, additives, and their constituents, relies primarily on a careful evaluation and analysis of data from oral toxicity studies. When relevant oral toxicity studies are unavailable or may have significant data gaps that make them inadequate for use in safety evaluations, data from non-oral toxicity studies in animals, such as studies on inhalation, dermal exposure, etc., might be used in support of or in place of oral toxicity studies through route-to-route (R-t-R) extrapolation. R-t-R extrapolation is applied on a case-by-case basis as it requires attention to and comparison of substance-specific toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) data for oral and non-oral exposure routes. This article provides a commentary on the utility of R-t-R extrapolation to assess the safety of oral exposure to substances, with an emphasis on the relevance of TK and systemic toxicity data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicology of Small-Molecule Drugs and Nanomedicine)
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24 pages, 9223 KiB  
Article
Toxicity Assessment of an Anti-Cancer Drug of p-Toluene Sulfonamide in Zebrafish Larvae Based on Cardiovascular and Locomotion Activities
by Andrew Yau Wah Young, Gilbert Audira, Ferry Saputra, Honeymae C. Alos, Charlaine A. Aventurado, Yu-Heng Lai, Ross D. Vasquez, Chung-Der Hsiao and Chih-Hsin Hung
Biomolecules 2022, 12(8), 1103; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12081103 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3113
Abstract
p-Toluene sulfonamide (p-TSA), a small molecular drug with antineoplastic activity is widely gaining interest from researchers because of its pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored the potential cardio and neural toxicity of p-TSA in sublethal concentrations by using zebrafish as an in [...] Read more.
p-Toluene sulfonamide (p-TSA), a small molecular drug with antineoplastic activity is widely gaining interest from researchers because of its pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored the potential cardio and neural toxicity of p-TSA in sublethal concentrations by using zebrafish as an in vivo animal model. Based on the acute toxicity assay, the 96hr LC50 was estimated as 204.3 ppm, suggesting the overall toxicity of p-TSA is relatively low in zebrafish larvae. For the cardiotoxicity test, we found that p-TSA caused only a minor alteration in treated larvae after no overall significant alterations were observed in cardiac rhythm and cardiac physiology parameters, as supported by the results from expression level measurements of several cardiac development marker genes. On the other hand, we found that acute p-TSA exposure significantly increased the larval locomotion activity during the photomotor test while prolonged exposure (4 days) reduced the locomotor startle reflex activities in zebrafish. In addition, a higher respiratory rate and blood flow velocity was also observed in the acutely treated fish groups compared to the untreated group. Finally, by molecular docking, we found that p-TSA has a moderate binding affinity to skeletal muscle myosin II subfragment 1 (S1), ATPase activity, actin- and Ca2+-stimulated myosin S1 ATPase, and v-type proton ATPase. These binding interactions between p-TSA and proteins offer insights into the potential molecular mechanism of action of p-TSA on observed altered responses toward photo and vibration stimuli and minor altered vascular performance in the zebrafish larvae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicology of Small-Molecule Drugs and Nanomedicine)
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Review

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16 pages, 3480 KiB  
Review
Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting FEN1 for Cancer Therapy
by Fan Yang, Zhigang Hu and Zhigang Guo
Biomolecules 2022, 12(7), 1007; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12071007 - 20 Jul 2022
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5452
Abstract
DNA damage repair plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability and integrity. Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a core protein in the base excision repair (BER) pathway and participates in Okazaki fragment maturation during DNA replication. Several studies have implicated FEN1 in [...] Read more.
DNA damage repair plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability and integrity. Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a core protein in the base excision repair (BER) pathway and participates in Okazaki fragment maturation during DNA replication. Several studies have implicated FEN1 in the regulation of other DNA repair pathways, including homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Abnormal expression or mutation of FEN1 in cells can cause a series of pathological responses, leading to various diseases, including cancers. Moreover, overexpression of FEN1 contributes to drug resistance in several types of cancers. All this supports the hypothesis that FEN1 could be a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Targeting FEN1 has been verified as an effective strategy in mono or combined treatment of cancer. Small-molecule compounds targeting FEN1 have also been developed and detected in cancer regression. In this review, we summarize the recent development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FEN1 in recent years, thereby expanding their therapeutic potential and application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicology of Small-Molecule Drugs and Nanomedicine)
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