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Biomolecules
Special Issues
Diabetes: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies Strategies
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Diabetes: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies Strategies

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 29874

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Othmar Moser

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Interests: diabetes
Dr. Harald Sourij

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: diabetology; exercise; glucose metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this special issue is to transfer the knowledge obtained from molecular mechanisms to clinical trials and potential use in routine care, in both people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Over the last years, a large number of novel glucose lowering drugs emerged, of which we either do not fully understand the mechanisms of action or the future role in clinical treatment regimens. A close interplay between basic, translational and clinical research is necessary to advance the treatment options for people with diabetes. Taking this into account, we are seeking for submission in diabetes detailing:

  • Beta-cell function and treatment options to enhance it
  • Interplay of beta- and alpha cells
  • Treatment options to modulate peripheral or liver insulin sensitivity
  • Glucose transporter (GLUT) modulation
  • Novel mechanisms of action of glucose lowering drugs
  • Molecular mechanisms related to lifestyle interventions
  • Pathophysiologic role of gut microbiome and interventions to modulate the microbiome in metabolic diseases
  • Role of inflammation in the treatment of diabetes and associated complications
  • Novel molecules for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
  • Relationship of liver metabolism and diabetes

Prof. Dr. Othmar Moser
Dr. Harald Sourij
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Molecular mechanisms
  • Microbiome
  • Liver metabolism
  • Advanced therapy

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 658 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Two Different Glucagon Assays in Healthy Individuals and Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Patients
by Martina Brunner, Othmar Moser, Reingard Raml, Maximilian Haberlander, Beate Boulgaropoulos, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Eva Svehlikova, Thomas R. Pieber and Harald Sourij
Biomolecules 2022, 12(3), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12030466 - 18 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2699
Abstract
Methods for glucagon analysis suffered in the past from lack of specificity and a narrow sensitivity range, which has led to inaccurate results and to the suggestion that type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients have elevated fasting glucagon levels. [...] Read more.
Methods for glucagon analysis suffered in the past from lack of specificity and a narrow sensitivity range, which has led to inaccurate results and to the suggestion that type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients have elevated fasting glucagon levels. However, the availability of more specific and more sensitive methods to detect intact glucagon has shown that actual glucagon levels are lower than previously assumed. This study aimed to characterize fasting plasma glucagon levels in healthy individuals and T1D and T2D patients with two different glucagon assays. The study included 20 healthy individuals, 20 T1D and 20 T2D patients. Blood was collected under fasting conditions. A double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) were used. A significant difference in fasting glucagon levels between healthy individuals and T2D was observed by ELISA, but not by RIA. ELISA also yielded lower glucagon levels in healthy individuals than in T1D and T2D patients which RIA did not. RIA produced significantly (p = 0.0001) higher overall median glucagon values than ELISA in a pooled analysis. These results underline the notion that the choice of selective laboratory methods is highly relevant for mechanistic endocrine research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies Strategies)
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7 pages, 940 KiB  
Article
EndoBarrier™ Implantation Rapidly Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by Anna Obermayer, Norbert J. Tripolt, Faisal Aziz, Christoph Högenauer, Felix Aberer, Florian Schreiber, Andreas Eherer, Caren Sourij, Vanessa Stadlbauer, Eva Svehlikova, Martina Brunner, Nandu Goswami, Harald Kojzar, Peter N. Pferschy, Thomas R. Pieber and Harald Sourij
Biomolecules 2021, 11(4), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040574 - 14 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2528
Abstract
The EndoBarrier™ medical device is a duodenal-jejunal bypass liner designed to mimic the effects of gastric bypass surgery to induce weight loss and glycaemic improvement. In this study, 10 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a mean body mass index (BMI) of [...] Read more.
The EndoBarrier™ medical device is a duodenal-jejunal bypass liner designed to mimic the effects of gastric bypass surgery to induce weight loss and glycaemic improvement. In this study, 10 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a mean body mass index (BMI) of 43.3 ± 5.0 (kg/m2) and a mean glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 60.6 ± 8.6 mmol/mol were examined at baseline (before implantation of EndoBarrier™), 4 weeks after implantation, at 36 weeks (right before explantation) and 24 weeks after the removal of the device to explore the short and long-term effects on glucose metabolism. Besides a significant reduction in body weight and fat mass, EndoBarrier™ treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity during Botnia clamp investigations after four weeks of implantation. The beneficial effects decreased over time but remained significant 24 weeks after removal of the device. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies Strategies)
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Review

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19 pages, 1388 KiB  
Review
Eat, Train, Sleep—Retreat? Hormonal Interactions of Intermittent Fasting, Exercise and Circadian Rhythm
by Sandra Haupt, Max L. Eckstein, Alina Wolf, Rebecca T. Zimmer, Nadine B. Wachsmuth and Othmar Moser
Biomolecules 2021, 11(4), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040516 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 23121
Abstract
The circadian rhythmicity of endogenous metabolic and hormonal processes is controlled by a complex system of central and peripheral pacemakers, influenced by exogenous factors like light/dark-cycles, nutrition and exercise timing. There is evidence that alterations in this system may be involved in the [...] Read more.
The circadian rhythmicity of endogenous metabolic and hormonal processes is controlled by a complex system of central and peripheral pacemakers, influenced by exogenous factors like light/dark-cycles, nutrition and exercise timing. There is evidence that alterations in this system may be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. It has been shown that disruptions to normal diurnal rhythms lead to drastic changes in circadian processes, as often seen in modern society due to excessive exposure to unnatural light sources. Out of that, research has focused on time-restricted feeding and exercise, as both seem to be able to reset disruptions in circadian pacemakers. Based on these results and personal physical goals, optimal time periods for food intake and exercise have been identified. This review shows that appropriate nutrition and exercise timing are powerful tools to support, rather than not disturb, the circadian rhythm and potentially contribute to the prevention of metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, both lifestyle interventions are unable to address the real issue: the misalignment of our biological with our social time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies Strategies)
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