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12 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Polysomnographical Meaning of Changed Sleep Quality—A Study of Treatment with Reduced Time in Bed

by Paolo d’Onofrio, Susanna Jernelöv, Ann Rosén, Kerstin Blom, Viktor Kaldo, Johanna Schwarz and Torbjörn Åkerstedt

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(10), 1426; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101426 - 7 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1133

Abstract

Background: Reports of poor sleep are widespread, but their link with objective sleep (polysomnography—PSG) is weak in cross-sectional studies. In contrast, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between changes in subjective and objective sleep variables using data from a [...] Read more.

Background: Reports of poor sleep are widespread, but their link with objective sleep (polysomnography—PSG) is weak in cross-sectional studies. In contrast, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between changes in subjective and objective sleep variables using data from a study of the reduction in time in bed (TIB). Methods: One sleep recording was carried out at baseline and one at treatment week 5 (end of treatment) (N = 34). Results: The Karolinska Sleep Quality Index improved and was correlated with improvement in sleep efficiency (r = 0.41, p < 0.05) and reduction in TIB (r = −0.47, p < 0.01) and sleep latency (r = 0.36, p < 0.05). The restorative sleep index showed similar results. Improvements in the insomnia severity index (ISI) essentially lacked correlations with changes in the PSG variables. It was suggested that the latter may be due to the ISI representing a week of subjective sleep experience, of which a single PSG night may not be representative. Conclusions: It was concluded that changes in the subjective ratings of sleep are relatively well associated with changes in the PSG-based sleep continuity variables when both describe the same sleep. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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20 pages, 2813 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Performance during a Change Signal Task with Adaptive Dynamics

by Kimberly A. Honn, Megan B. Morris, Melinda L. Jackson, Hans P. A. Van Dongen and Glenn Gunzelmann

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(7), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071062 - 12 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1661

Abstract

Augmented cognition, which refers to real-time modifications to a human–system interface to improve performance and includes dynamic task environments with automated adaptations, can serve to protect against performance impairment under challenging work conditions. However, the effectiveness of augmented cognition as a countermeasure for [...] Read more.

Augmented cognition, which refers to real-time modifications to a human–system interface to improve performance and includes dynamic task environments with automated adaptations, can serve to protect against performance impairment under challenging work conditions. However, the effectiveness of augmented cognition as a countermeasure for performance impairment due to sleep loss is unknown. Here, in a controlled laboratory study, an adaptive version of a Change Signal task was administered repeatedly to healthy adults randomized to 62 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD) or a rested control condition. In the computerized task, a left- or right-facing arrow was presented to start each trial. In a subset of trials, a second arrow facing the opposite direction was presented after a delay. Subjects were to respond within 1000 ms of the trial start by pressing the arrow key corresponding to the single arrow (Go trials) or to the second arrow when present (Change trials). The Change Signal Delay (CSD)—i.e., the delay between the appearance of the first and second arrows—was shortened following incorrect responses and lengthened following correct responses so that subsequent Change trials became easier or harder, respectively. The task featured two distinct CSD dynamics, which produced relatively stable low and high error rates when subjects were rested (Low and High Error Likelihood trials, respectively). During TSD, the High Error Likelihood trials produced the same, relatively high error rate, but the Low Error Likelihood trials produced a higher error rate than in the rested condition. Thus, sleep loss altered the effectiveness of the adaptive dynamics in the Change Signal task. A principal component analysis revealed that while subjects varied in their performance of the task along a single dominant dimension when rested, a second inter-individual differences dimension emerged during TSD. These findings suggest a need for further investigation of the interaction between augmented cognition approaches and sleep deprivation in order to determine whether and how augmented cognition can be relied upon as a countermeasure to performance impairment in operational settings with sleep loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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16 pages, 1840 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Test-Retest Reliability of Resting Brain Small-World Network Properties across Different Data Processing and Modeling Strategies

by Qianying Wu, Hui Lei, Tianxin Mao, Yao Deng, Xiaocui Zhang, Yali Jiang, Xue Zhong, John A. Detre, Jianghong Liu and Hengyi Rao

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(5), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050825 - 19 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1923

Abstract

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with graph theoretical modeling has been increasingly applied for assessing whole brain network topological organization, yet its reproducibility remains controversial. In this study, we acquired three repeated resting-state fMRI scans from 16 healthy controls during a strictly [...] Read more.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with graph theoretical modeling has been increasingly applied for assessing whole brain network topological organization, yet its reproducibility remains controversial. In this study, we acquired three repeated resting-state fMRI scans from 16 healthy controls during a strictly controlled in-laboratory study and examined the test-retest reliability of seven global and three nodal brain network metrics using different data processing and modeling strategies. Among the global network metrics, the characteristic path length exhibited the highest reliability, whereas the network small-worldness performed the poorest. Nodal efficiency was the most reliable nodal metric, whereas betweenness centrality showed the lowest reliability. Weighted global network metrics provided better reliability than binary metrics, and reliability from the AAL90 atlas outweighed those from the Power264 parcellation. Although global signal regression had no consistent effects on the reliability of global network metrics, it slightly impaired the reliability of nodal metrics. These findings provide important implications for the future utility of graph theoretical modeling in brain network analyses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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14 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sleep Architecture and EEG Power Spectrum Following Cumulative Sleep Restriction: A Comparison between Typically Developing Children and Children with ADHD

by Tamara Speth, Benjamin Rusak, Tara Perrot, Kimberly Cote and Penny Corkum

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(5), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050772 - 8 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1778

Abstract

No studies have looked at the effects of cumulative sleep restriction (CSR) on sleep architecture or the power spectrum of sleep EEG (electroencephalogram) in school-age children, as recorded by PSG (polysomnography). This is true for both typically developing (TD) children and children with [...] Read more.

No studies have looked at the effects of cumulative sleep restriction (CSR) on sleep architecture or the power spectrum of sleep EEG (electroencephalogram) in school-age children, as recorded by PSG (polysomnography). This is true for both typically developing (TD) children and children with ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), who are known to have more sleep difficulties. Participants were children (ages 6–12 years), including 18 TD and 18 ADHD, who were age- and sex-matched. The CSR protocol included a two-week baseline and two randomized conditions: Typical (six nights of sleep based on baseline sleep schedules) and Restricted (one-hour reduction of baseline time in bed). This resulted in an average of 28 min per night difference in sleep. Based on ANOVAs (analysis of variance), children with ADHD took longer to reach N3 (non-rapid eye movement), had more WASO (wake after sleep onset) (within the first 5.1 h of the night), and had more REM (rapid eye movement) sleep than TD children regardless of condition. During CSR, ADHD participants had less REM and a trend toward longer durations of N1 and N2 compared to the TD group. No significant differences in the power spectrum were found between groups or conditions. In conclusion, this CSR protocol impacted some physiological aspects of sleep but may not be sufficient to cause changes in the power spectrum of sleep EEG. Although preliminary, group-by-condition interactions suggest that the homeostatic processes in children with ADHD may be impaired during CSR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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12 pages, 627 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender and Nightshift Work: A Cross Sectional Study on Sleep Quality and Daytime Somnolence

by Rosamaria Lecca, Michela Figorilli, Elisa Casaglia, Carla Cucca, Federico Meloni, Roberto Loscerbo, Sara De Matteis, Pierluigi Cocco and Monica Puligheddu

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(4), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13040607 - 3 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2779

Abstract

A few studies suggested that female nightshift workers suffer more frequently from sleep deprivation and insomnia. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in two different occupational settings to address gender-related differences in nightshift work adaptation. We used the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh [...] Read more.

A few studies suggested that female nightshift workers suffer more frequently from sleep deprivation and insomnia. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in two different occupational settings to address gender-related differences in nightshift work adaptation. We used the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires to quantify daytime sleepiness and sleep quality among 156 workers, 91 from a ceramic tile factory and 65 healthcare workers, including hospital doctors, nurses, and nurse assistants. Seventy-three percent of participants (40 women and 74 men) were engaged in nightshift work. We used logistic regression analysis to predict daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality as a function of personal and lifestyle variables and nightshift work. The female gender showed a strong association with both daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality. Results were also suggestive of an increase in the risk of daytime sleepiness associated with nightshift work and being married. Our results confirm that women are especially vulnerable to sleep disruption. Promoting adaptation to nightshift work requires special attention towards gender issues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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14 pages, 2350 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Altered Postcentral Connectivity after Sleep Deprivation Correlates to Impaired Risk Perception: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

by Jie Chen, Xinxin Gong, Letong Wang, Mengmeng Xu, Xiao Zhong, Ziyi Peng, Tao Song, Lin Xu, Jie Lian, Yongcong Shao and Xiechuan Weng

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(3), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13030514 - 20 Mar 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2371

Abstract

Background: Previous studies revealed that sleep deprivation (SD) impairs risk perception and leads to poor decision-making efficiency. However, how risk perception is related to brain regions’ communication after SD has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the neuropsychological mechanisms of SD-impaired [...] Read more.

Background: Previous studies revealed that sleep deprivation (SD) impairs risk perception and leads to poor decision-making efficiency. However, how risk perception is related to brain regions’ communication after SD has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the neuropsychological mechanisms of SD-impaired risk perception. Methods: Nineteen healthy male adults were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging during a state of rested wakefulness and after nearly 36 h of total SD. They then completed the balloon analog risk task, which was used to measure the risk perception ability of risky decision-making. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and voxel-wise functional connectivity were used to investigate neurobiological changes caused by SD. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between changes in ReHo, function, and risk perception. Results: At the behavioral level, risk perception decreased after 36 h of SD. At the neural level, SD induced a significant increase in ReHo in the right postcentral gyrus and was positively correlated with risk perception changes. The functional connectivity between the right postcentral gyrus, left medial temporal gyrus, and right inferior temporal gyrus was enhanced. Critically, increased right postcentral gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus connectivity positively correlated with changes in risk perception. Conclusions: SD impairs the risk perception associated with altered postcentral connectivity. The brain requires more energy to process and integrate sensory and perceptual information after SD, which may be one possible reason for decreased risk perception ability after SD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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12 pages, 1727 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of One Night of Sleep on Mnemonic Discrimination of Emotional Information

by Nicola Cellini

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(3), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13030434 - 2 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1771

Abstract

Mnemonic discrimination is the process of separating similar but distinct experiences and memories in the brain. This process seems to be differently modulated by retention periods that included sleep or only wakefulness. The current study was designed to explore whether a night of [...] Read more.

Mnemonic discrimination is the process of separating similar but distinct experiences and memories in the brain. This process seems to be differently modulated by retention periods that included sleep or only wakefulness. The current study was designed to explore whether a night of sleep may modulate emotional mnemonic discrimination. Thirty-eight participants performed the encoding phase of an emotional mnemonic similarity task composed of 48 negative, 48 neutral, and 48 positive pictures at 9 am (Wake group) or 9 pm (Sleep group). The encoding was followed by an immediate test (T1) in which participants were exposed to 36 targets (old), 36 foils (new), and 36 lures (similar) pictures, and they had to decide whether the pictures were old, new, or similar. Twelve hours later, they performed a delayed test (T2), similar to T1 but with different stimuli. Overall, performances decreased from T1 to T2. There were no differences between groups for recognition memories, whereas the reduction in mnemonic discrimination was more pronounced in the Wake group. Moreover, negative pictures were better discriminated that the neutral and positive ones. In conclusion, the current study showed that a night of sleep can stabilize mnemonic discrimination, regardless of the valence of the encoded stimuli, suggesting that sleep may not preferentially process emotional information. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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12 pages, 474 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Mental Fatigue Is Associated with Subjective Cognitive Decline among Older Adults

by Qianqian Zhang, McKenna Angela Sun, Qiuzi Sun, Hua Mei, Hengyi Rao and Jianghong Liu

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(3), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13030376 - 21 Feb 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3267

Abstract

Both Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and mental fatigue are becoming increasingly prevalent as global demographics shifts indicate our aging populations. SCD is a reversible precursor for Alzheimer’s disease, and early identification is important for effective intervention strategies. We aim to investigate the association [...] Read more.

Both Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and mental fatigue are becoming increasingly prevalent as global demographics shifts indicate our aging populations. SCD is a reversible precursor for Alzheimer’s disease, and early identification is important for effective intervention strategies. We aim to investigate the association between mental fatigue—as well as other factors—and SCD. A total of 707 old adults (aged from 60 to 99) from Shanghai, China, participated in this study and completed self-reported instruments covering their cognitive and mental status as well as demographic information. Mental fatigue status was assessed by using four items derived from the functional impairment syndrome of the Old Adult Self Report (OASR). SCD was assessed by using the Memory/Cognition syndrome of OASR. A total of 681 old adults were included in the current study. The means of SCD significantly differed between each group of factors (age, gender, and mental fatigue). The general linear regression models showed that SCD increased with age, females scored higher than males, and SCD was positively associated with mental fatigue factors including difficulty getting things done, poor task performance, sleeping more, and a lack of energy among old adults. The study also found that SCD is negatively associated with the high-income group among young-old (aged from 60 to 75) males and associated with good marital/living status with the companion of spouses/partners among young-old females. These results suggest that gender, income level, marital/living status, and mental fatigue are crucial factors in preventing SCD among old adults and are pivotal in developing early intervention strategies to preserve the mental health of an increasingly aging population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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11 pages, 832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnias: Long-Term Outcomes and Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown

by Matthias Laroche, Nazanin Biabani, Panagis Drakatos, Hugh Selsick, Guy Leschziner, Joerg Steier, Allan H. Young, Sofia Eriksson, Alexander Nesbitt, Veena Kumari, Ivana Rosenzweig and David O’Regan

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(2), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020347 - 17 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2891

Abstract

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, we demonstrated the efficacy of a novel Cognitive Behavioural Therapy programme for the treatment of Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnias (CBT-NREMP) in reducing NREM parasomnia events, insomnia and associated mood severities. Given the increased prevalence and worsening of sleep [...] Read more.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, we demonstrated the efficacy of a novel Cognitive Behavioural Therapy programme for the treatment of Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnias (CBT-NREMP) in reducing NREM parasomnia events, insomnia and associated mood severities. Given the increased prevalence and worsening of sleep and affective disorders during the pandemic, we examined the sustainability of CBT-NREMP following the U.K.’s longest COVID-19 lockdown (6 January 2021–19 July 2021) by repeating the investigations via a mail survey in the same 46 patient cohort, of which 12 responded. The survey included validated clinical questionnaires relating to NREM parasomnia (Paris Arousal Disorder Severity Scale), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Patients also completed a targeted questionnaire (i.e., Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Questionnaire, ICLQ) to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on NREM parasomnia severity, mental health, general well-being and lifestyle. Clinical measures of NREM parasomnia, insomnia, anxiety and depression remained stable, with no significant changes demonstrated in questionnaire scores by comparison to the previous investigatory period prior to the COVID-19 pandemic: p (ISI) = 1.0; p (HADS) = 0.816; p (PADSS) = 0.194. These findings support the longitudinal effectiveness of CBT-NREMP for up to three years following the clinical intervention, and despite of the COVID-19 pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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12 pages, 589 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Objective and Subjective Sleep Measures Are Related to Suicidal Ideation and Are Transdiagnostic Features of Major Depressive Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder

by Heide Klumpp, Fini Chang, Brian W. Bauer and Helen J. Burgess

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(2), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020288 - 8 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2169

Abstract

Suicide is a major public health problem and previous studies in major depression and anxiety show problematic sleep is a risk factor for suicidal ideation (SI). However, less is known about sleep and SI in social anxiety disorder (SAD), despite the pervasiveness of [...] Read more.

Suicide is a major public health problem and previous studies in major depression and anxiety show problematic sleep is a risk factor for suicidal ideation (SI). However, less is known about sleep and SI in social anxiety disorder (SAD), despite the pervasiveness of SAD. Therefore, the current study comprised participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) (without comorbid SAD) (n = 26) and participants with SAD (without comorbid MDD) (n = 41). Wrist actigraphy was used to estimate sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency; sleep quality was evaluated with self-report. Self-report was also used to examine SI. These measures were submitted to independent t-tests and multiple regression analysis. t-test results revealed sleep and SI did not differ between MDD and SAD groups. Multiple regression results showed shorter sleep duration and worse sleep quality related to greater SI when taking symptom severity and age into account. Post-hoc partial correlational analysis showed these sleep–SI relationships remained significant after controlling for symptom severity and age. Preliminary findings indicate sleep and SI may be transdiagnostic features of MDD and SAD. Evidence of distinct sleep–SI relationships are consistent with previous reports showing that sleep difficulties contribute to SI. Altogether, improving sleep duration and sleep quality may reduce the risk of SI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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9 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between Sleep Patterns, Educational Identity, and School Performance in Adolescents

by Valeria Bacaro, Alice Andreose, Martina Grimaldi, Vincenzo Natale, Lorenzo Tonetti and Elisabetta Crocetti

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(2), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020178 - 20 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5634

Abstract

Adolescents’ school experience can be developmentally related to adolescents’ sleep. This study aimed to understand how sleep patterns (i.e., sleep duration and sleep-schedule) and weekend sleep-recovery strategies (i.e., social jetlag and weekend catch-up sleep) are associated with adolescents’ school experience (i.e., educational identity [...] Read more.

Adolescents’ school experience can be developmentally related to adolescents’ sleep. This study aimed to understand how sleep patterns (i.e., sleep duration and sleep-schedule) and weekend sleep-recovery strategies (i.e., social jetlag and weekend catch-up sleep) are associated with adolescents’ school experience (i.e., educational identity and school performance). Moreover, the differences in the school experiences between adolescents with different numbers of weekend-sleep-recovery strategies were assessed. For this purpose, 542 Italian adolescents (55.2% females, mean age 15.6 years) wore an actigraph for one week. After the actigraphic assessment, questionnaires on educational identity and school performance were administered. Results showed that short sleep-duration, later bedtime during weekdays and weekends, and a higher amount of social jetlag were negatively associated with school performance. Furthermore, adolescents who did not use any sleep-recovery strategy during the weekend presented lower levels of educational in-depth exploration compared to adolescents with higher levels of catch-up sleep but not social jetlag. These data pointed out a potentially detrimental role of social jetlag on school performance and differences in identity processes between adolescents who used and those who did not use sleep-recovery strategies, which could affect adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

9 pages, 407 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Actigraphic Wake after Sleep Onset and Symptom Severity Correspond with Rumination in Trauma-Exposed Individuals

by Fini Chang, Erin C. Berenz, Olusola Ajilore, Scott A. Langenecker, Helen J. Burgess, K. Luan Phan and Heide Klumpp

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010139 - 13 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2260

Abstract

Rumination and worry are forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) commonly associated with internalizing psychopathologies, although less is known about RNT in trauma-exposed individuals with internalizing psychopathologies. Separate lines of research show RNT also plays a role in problematic sleep, which is frequently [...] Read more.

Rumination and worry are forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) commonly associated with internalizing psychopathologies, although less is known about RNT in trauma-exposed individuals with internalizing psychopathologies. Separate lines of research show RNT also plays a role in problematic sleep, which is frequently experienced after trauma exposure. To address gaps in the literature, the current study examines the impact of sleep and symptoms on RNT in trauma-exposed participants. A transdiagnostic sample of 46 unmedicated treatment-seeking trauma-exposed participants completed standard measures of rumination and worry, as well as clinical measures that assessed posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety severity. Actigraphic sleep variables were sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency. Sleep and clinical measures were submitted to multiple regression analyses with rumination and worry as dependent variables. The regression results showed that rumination was significantly explained by WASO and posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity, and the omnibus test was significant. Depression, anxiety, and other estimates of sleep were not significant. No significant results emerged for worry. Preliminary findings suggest that PTSS and WASO, an index of fragmented sleep, may contribute to rumination, but not worry, in trauma-exposed individuals. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine potential causal relationships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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14 pages, 2909 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sleep Deprivation-Induced Changes in Baseline Brain Activity and Vigilant Attention Performance

by Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi, Tommaso Banfi, Marco Di Galante, Gastone Ciuti and Ugo Faraguna

Brain Sci. 2022, 12(12), 1690; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121690 - 9 Dec 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2212

Abstract

Sleep deprivation (SD) negatively affects several aspects of cognitive performance, and one of the most widely-used tools to evaluate these effects is the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). The present study investigated the possibility of predicting changes induced by SD in vigilant attention performance [...] Read more.

Sleep deprivation (SD) negatively affects several aspects of cognitive performance, and one of the most widely-used tools to evaluate these effects is the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). The present study investigated the possibility of predicting changes induced by SD in vigilant attention performance by evaluating the baseline electroencephalographic (EEG) activity immediately preceding the PVT stimuli onset. All participants (n = 10) underwent EEG recordings during 10 min of PVT before and after a night of SD. For each participant, the root mean square (RMS) of the baseline EEG signal was evaluated for each 1 s time window, and the respective average value was computed. After SD, participants showed slower (and less accurate) performance in the PVT task. Moreover, a close relationship between the changes in the baseline activity with those in cognitive performance was identified at several electrodes (Fp2, F7, F8, P3, T6, O1, Oz, O2), with the highest predictive power at the occipital derivations. These results indicate that vigilant attention impairments induced by SD can be predicted by the pre-stimulus baseline activity changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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12 pages, 1177 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Sleep Deprivation Results in Diminished Perceptual Stability Independently of Psychosis Proneness

by Leonie J. T. Balter, Granville J. Matheson, Tina Sundelin, Philipp Sterzer, Predrag Petrovic and John Axelsson

Brain Sci. 2022, 12(10), 1338; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101338 - 3 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2319

Abstract

Psychotic disorders as well as psychosis proneness in the general population have been associated with perceptual instability, suggesting weakened predictive processing. Sleep disturbances play a prominent role in psychosis and schizophrenia, but it is unclear whether perceptual stability diminishes with sleep deprivation, and [...] Read more.

Psychotic disorders as well as psychosis proneness in the general population have been associated with perceptual instability, suggesting weakened predictive processing. Sleep disturbances play a prominent role in psychosis and schizophrenia, but it is unclear whether perceptual stability diminishes with sleep deprivation, and whether the effects of sleep deprivation differ as a function of psychosis proneness. In the current study, we aimed to clarify this matter. In this preregistered study, 146 participants successfully completed an intermittent version of the random dot kinematogram (RDK) task and the 21-item Peters Delusion Inventory (PDI-21) to assess perceptual stability and psychosis proneness, respectively. Participants were randomized to sleep either as normal (8 to 9 h in bed) (n = 72; M_age = 24.7, SD = 6.2, 41 women) or to stay awake through the night (n = 74; M_age = 24.8, SD = 5.1, 44 women). Sleep deprivation resulted in diminished perceptual stability, as well as in decreases in perceptual stability over the course of the task. However, we did not observe any association between perceptual stability and PDI-21 scores, nor a tendency for individuals with higher PDI-21 scores to be more vulnerable to sleep-deprivation-induced decreases in perceptual stability. The present study suggests a compromised predictive processing system in the brain after sleep deprivation, but variation in psychosis trait is not related to greater vulnerability to sleep deprivation in our dataset. Further studies in risk groups and patients with psychosis are needed to evaluate whether sleep loss plays a role in the occurrence of objectively measured perceptual-related clinical symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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Review

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22 pages, 912 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Sleep Deprivation and Insomnia in Adolescence: Implications for Mental Health

by Sara Uccella, Ramona Cordani, Federico Salfi, Maurizio Gorgoni, Serena Scarpelli, Angelo Gemignani, Pierre Alexis Geoffroy, Luigi De Gennaro, Laura Palagini, Michele Ferrara and Lino Nobili

Brain Sci. 2023, 13(4), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13040569 - 28 Mar 2023

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 18488

Abstract

Sleep changes significantly throughout the human lifespan. Physiological modifications in sleep regulation, in common with many mammals (especially in the circadian rhythms), predispose adolescents to sleep loss until early adulthood. Adolescents are one-sixth of all human beings and are at high risk for [...] Read more.

Sleep changes significantly throughout the human lifespan. Physiological modifications in sleep regulation, in common with many mammals (especially in the circadian rhythms), predispose adolescents to sleep loss until early adulthood. Adolescents are one-sixth of all human beings and are at high risk for mental diseases (particularly mood disorders) and self-injury. This has been attributed to the incredible number of changes occurring in a limited time window that encompasses rapid biological and psychosocial modifications, which predispose teens to at-risk behaviors. Adolescents’ sleep patterns have been investigated as a biunivocal cause for potential damaging conditions, in which insufficient sleep may be both a cause and a consequence of mental health problems. The recent COVID-19 pandemic in particular has made a detrimental contribution to many adolescents’ mental health and sleep quality. In this review, we aim to summarize the knowledge in the field and to explore implications for adolescents’ (and future adults’) mental and physical health, as well as to outline potential strategies of prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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37 pages, 950 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Impact of Sleep on Face Recognition Memory: A Scoping Review

by Isabel M. Santos, André Silva, Pedro Bem-Haja, Catarina Rosa, Luíza Cerri, Diâner F. Queiroz, Talles Barroso, Miguel F. Alves and Carlos F. Silva

Brain Sci. 2022, 12(10), 1385; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101385 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3090

Abstract

Sleep has a major impact on a variety of human biological and cognitive functions. In particular, its impact on memory has attracted extensive research and has been amply demonstrated. However, it is still unclear whether sleep, or lack thereof, affects the ability to [...] Read more.

Sleep has a major impact on a variety of human biological and cognitive functions. In particular, its impact on memory has attracted extensive research and has been amply demonstrated. However, it is still unclear whether sleep, or lack thereof, affects the ability to recognize faces. To clarify this, we conducted a scoping review on studies that included a face recognition memory task and any kind of sleep manipulation in adults without any sleep pathology. A systematic search and synthesis of peer-reviewed journal articles identified through the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and PubMed was performed. A final sample of 18 articles, corresponding to 19 studies, met the eligibility criteria. The results of 13 articles suggested that sleep benefited face recognition ability, whereas two articles indicated a detrimental effect of sleep on performance, and four articles found no significant effects. This review highlights the high methodological variability between studies, in terms of sleep manipulation, retention interval, tasks used to probe face recognition, and other variables. In sum, although around one third of the studies show a beneficial effect of sleep on memory for faces, we suggest that future research should invest in replicating these findings with a stricter control of potentially confounding variables to allow stronger conclusions to be drawn. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior)

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Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior

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