Flexible Interaction between Buildings and Power Grid

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 1805

Special Issue Editors

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: building energy system optimization; building demand response; building flexibility; uncertainty quantification in buildings; quantification of extreme events in buildings; rural energy system

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Guest Editor
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
Interests: building load prediction; data mining; building energy simulation; operation optimization

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Guest Editor
School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
Interests: solar energ; building energy saving; indoor environment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today's power system, with significant use of renewable energies, is confronted with a lack of flexible control options. It is necessary to utilize flexible resources on the energy source, grid, and load sides to support the stable operation of the power system. As the electrification of buildings progresses, the connections and interactions between buildings and power grids are becoming closer and more frequent. At the same time, buildings contain many flexible resources such as air conditioning systems, cooling/heating storage, and electric vehicles. However, the difficulties involved in building modeling, integration, optimization, and interaction with the power grid limit the efficient and flexible operation of building energy systems, as well as flexible interactions between buildings and power grids. In this vein, this Special Issue focuses on the topic of flexible interactions between buildings and power grids and explores the methods of flexible interaction between buildings and power grids

Research papers, experimental tests, and review papers are all welcome in this Special Issue. The research topics covered in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Definition of building flexibility;
  • Quantification of building flexibility potential;
  • Interaction mechanism between buildings and power grids;
  • Modeling and calibration of building energy systems;
  • Optimal scheduling of building multi-energy systems;
  • Control methods of building energy systems;
  • Optimal design of flexible building energy systems;
  • V2H, V2B, B2V and other technologies;
  • Prediction of building cooling, heating and electrical load;
  • Active and passive building envelope;
  • Methods for integrating renewable energy within buildings.

Dr. Jide Niu
Dr. Yakai Lu
Dr. Chuyao Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • building–grid interaction
  • building flexibility definition
  • flexibility potential modeling and quantification
  • flexible operation and control method of building
  • building demand response mechanism
  • flexible building system design
  • renewable energy
  • building efficiency and indoor environment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 7214 KiB  
Article
Direct Load Control Strategy of Centralized Chiller Plants for Emergency Demand Response: A Field Experiment
by Jie Zhu, Zhe Tian, Jide Niu, Yakai Lu, Haizhu Zhou and Yitong Li
Buildings 2025, 15(3), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030462 - 2 Feb 2025
Viewed by 239
Abstract
As the penetration rate of renewable energy in the power grid increases, the imbalance between power supply and demand has become one of the key issues. Buildings and their heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are considered excellent flexible demand response (DR) [...] Read more.
As the penetration rate of renewable energy in the power grid increases, the imbalance between power supply and demand has become one of the key issues. Buildings and their heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are considered excellent flexible demand response (DR) resources that can reduce peak loads to alleviate operational pressures on the power grid. Centralized chiller plants are regarded as flexible resources with large capacity and rapid adjustability. The direct load control of chiller plants can respond to the power grid within minutes, making them highly suitable for participation in emergency DR. However, existing studies are generally based on simulations and lack experimental research in actual large-scale buildings to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method and provide related lessons learned. This study conducted field experiments on a centralized chiller plant within an industrial building in Guangdong, China. The results indicate that the strategy of shutting down chiller plants is an effective DR measure. It can complete the load reduction process within 15 min, rapidly decreasing the system power by 380~459 kW, with a maximum duration of up to 50 min, without significantly affecting the thermal comfort of indoor occupants. Additionally, the impact of existing control logic on the participation of chiller plants in the DR process is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Interaction between Buildings and Power Grid)
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23 pages, 10928 KiB  
Article
Energy Flexibility Strategies for Buildings in Hot Climates: A Case Study for Dubai
by Ali Saberi-Derakhtenjani, Juan David Barbosa and Edwin Rodriguez-Ubinas
Buildings 2024, 14(9), 3008; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14093008 - 22 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1198
Abstract
This paper presents a case study of energy flexibility strategies for a building located in the hot climate of Dubai, a type of climate in which energy flexibility has been under-researched. Energy flexibility is changing the routine-consumption profile and deviating from the normal [...] Read more.
This paper presents a case study of energy flexibility strategies for a building located in the hot climate of Dubai, a type of climate in which energy flexibility has been under-researched. Energy flexibility is changing the routine-consumption profile and deviating from the normal operation of the building by the users to manage the variability in the load profile and cost of electricity. The three flexibility strategies being considered are based on the modulation of the indoor air temperature setpoint profile while considering different marginal costs for electricity. The main objective is to quantify the energy storage flexibility of each strategy and evaluate its impact on the system ramping and load factor. The study was carried out utilizing a grey-box, resistance–capacitance model of the building, which was validated against experimental measurements. This study is the first to use the following five indicators simultaneously: load factor, system ramping, storage capacity, peak-period demand reduction, and cost savings. Combining these indicators helps building facility managers and distribution system operators (DSOs) better understand the implications of implementing a specific flexibility strategy in a building or a group of buildings. When comparing the indicators of each strategy with each other, it was observed that depending on the amplitude of the change in the electricity cost signal during the peak period, a significant cost reduction of more than 25% could be achieved through the implementation of specific flexibility strategies compared with the normal baseline operating condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Interaction between Buildings and Power Grid)
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