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Structural Safety and Stability of Buildings: Novel Methods, Materials and...
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Structural Safety and Stability of Buildings: Novel Methods, Materials and Measurements

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 4848

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chaofan Yao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Interests: tunneling; underground space engineering; earthquake engineering; geotechnical engineering
Dr. Chuang Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Enginnering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
Interests: soil dynamics; transportation geotechnics
Dr. Yan Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Geo-Hazard Prevention and Geo-Environment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
Interests: engineering geology; geo-hazard; geotechnical engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The structural safety and stability of buildings are paramount concerns in today's rapidly urbanizing world. In recent years, plenty of novel methods, materials, and measurements are developed to enhance building safety and stability, thus protecting lives and properties; however, more methods, materials, and measurements are required to adapt the diverse structural forms and complex strata.

This Special Issue, on “Structural Safety and Stability of Buildings: Novel Methods, Materials and Measurements”, aims to bring together cutting-edge research advances in the structural safety and stability of buildings. We invite you to contribute original research articles or reviews related to the topic, including, but not limited to, the performance of buildings and structures, the evaluation of the structural safety and stability of buildings, new theoretical and experimental methods, new materials with which to enhance the performance of buildings, novel measurements to protect buildings and structures, etc. Moreover, advanced intelligent algorithms or sensing techniques are very welcome. This scope is not exhaustive; therefore, feel free to be inventive!

Dr. Chaofan Yao
Dr. Chuang Zhao
Dr. Yan Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • structural safety
  • stability of buildings
  • performance evaluation
  • novel methods
  • new materials
  • novel measurements
  • soil structure interation
  • underground structure stability

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3509 KiB  
Article
Damage Characteristics of Blasting Surrounding Rock in Mountain Tunnel in Fault Fracture Zones Based on the Johnson–Holmquist-2 Model
by Lizhi Cheng, Zhiquan Yang, Ping Zhao and Fengting Li
Buildings 2024, 14(11), 3682; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113682 - 19 Nov 2024
Viewed by 338
Abstract
Blasting is a widely employed technique for tunnel construction in mountainous regions; however, it often causes damage to the surrounding rock mass, particularly in fault fracture zones, which can lead to hazards such as rockfalls and collapses. This study examines the characteristics of [...] Read more.
Blasting is a widely employed technique for tunnel construction in mountainous regions; however, it often causes damage to the surrounding rock mass, particularly in fault fracture zones, which can lead to hazards such as rockfalls and collapses. This study examines the characteristics of damage to surrounding rock due to tunnel blasting through fault fracture zones. Based on an actual tunnel blasting construction project, we conducted a finite element analysis using the JH-2 material model, taking into account the width of the fault fracture zone. Results indicate that as the width of the fault fracture zone increases, the disturbance effect of tunnel blasting on the surrounding rock becomes more pronounced. Compared to the arch bottom and arch waist of the tunnel, the tunnel vault primarily absorbs the slip deformation and compressive forces resulting from blasting disturbances in the fault fracture zone. The findings of this paper contribute a valuable methodology for analyzing the mechanical mechanisms in mountain tunnel blasting and provide essential theoretical parameters to inform the design and construction of tunnel blasting projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Safety and Stability of Buildings: Novel Methods, Materials and Measurements)
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12 pages, 6849 KiB  
Article
Deformation Characteristics of Surrounding Rock of Marine Soft Soil Tunnel Under Cyclic Loading
by Wenbin Xu, Yajun Liu, Ke Wu, Heng Zhang, Yindong Sun and Wenbin Xiao
Buildings 2024, 14(11), 3631; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113631 - 15 Nov 2024
Viewed by 427
Abstract
Soft marine soil exhibits unique mechanical properties that can lead to significant deformation and instability in the surrounding rock of urban subway tunnels. This presents a critical challenge for tunnel engineering researchers and designers. This thesis investigates the stability characteristics of surrounding rock [...] Read more.
Soft marine soil exhibits unique mechanical properties that can lead to significant deformation and instability in the surrounding rock of urban subway tunnels. This presents a critical challenge for tunnel engineering researchers and designers. This thesis investigates the stability characteristics of surrounding rock in marine soft soil tunnels under cyclic loading conditions. Focusing on the shield tunnel segment between Left Fortress Station and Taiziwan Station of Shenzhen Urban Rail Transit Line 12, a discrete–continuous coupled numerical analysis method is employed to examine the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock. This analysis takes into account the effects of dynamic loads resulting from train operations on the arch bottom’s surrounding rock. The findings indicate that damage to the surrounding rock occurs gradually, with the marine soft soil layer, particularly at higher water content, being prone to substantial plastic deformation. Additionally, under the influence of train vibration loads, the degree of vertical fluctuation in the internal marine soft soil diminishes with increasing depth from the bottom of the tunnel arch. This coupled numerical analysis approach offers valuable insights and methodologies for assessing the structural safety of tunnel projects throughout their operational periods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Safety and Stability of Buildings: Novel Methods, Materials and Measurements)
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17 pages, 7181 KiB  
Article
Study of Semi-Adiabatic Temperature Rise Test of Mineral Admixture Concrete
by Ke Wu, Zhenhua Liu, Cao Wang, Tao Yang, Zhongyu Dou and Jiaxiang Xu
Buildings 2024, 14(9), 2941; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092941 - 17 Sep 2024
Viewed by 725
Abstract
The concrete used in the main structures of subway stations has a high degree of constraint. Consequently, temperature changes and shrinkage during construction frequently lead to significant constraint stress, which can result in structural cracking. Therefore, cement with low hydration heat is commonly [...] Read more.
The concrete used in the main structures of subway stations has a high degree of constraint. Consequently, temperature changes and shrinkage during construction frequently lead to significant constraint stress, which can result in structural cracking. Therefore, cement with low hydration heat is commonly used in engineering to reduce the temperature of concrete during its age. Aiming at the problem of hydration and heat release caused by concrete construction, based on the principles of concrete hydration heat release and a numerical analysis method, an optimized semi-adiabatic temperature rise test method has been introduced to investigate concrete temperature rise characteristics with different mineral admixtures. The following conclusions were obtained: The effect of reducing the heat of hydration is related to the content and material properties of different mineral admixtures, but not the type of mineral admixture to be incorporated. The temperature rise performance of four common mineral admixtures is as follows: ① total cooling capacity: limestone powder > slag, fly ash > metakaolin; ② early heat generation rate: metakaolin > slag > fly ash > limestone powder; ③ heat reduction rate in the middle and late periods: metakaolin > limestone powder > fly ash > slag. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Safety and Stability of Buildings: Novel Methods, Materials and Measurements)
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20 pages, 16863 KiB  
Article
Study on the Optimized Perception of Structural Behavior in Shield Tunneling by Fiber Grating Layouts
by Rongjun Xing, Yufu Li, Chuan He, Daiqiang Zhu, Yujun Li, Kun Feng, Pai Xu, Yu Liu and Zhongchao Zhao
Buildings 2024, 14(9), 2888; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092888 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 653
Abstract
Shield tunnels’ structural stability is challenged due to the fact that they are often built under rivers, lakes, and oceans. It is crucial to execute the structural deformation perception of the shield tunnel. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology is sensitive to deformation [...] Read more.
Shield tunnels’ structural stability is challenged due to the fact that they are often built under rivers, lakes, and oceans. It is crucial to execute the structural deformation perception of the shield tunnel. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology is sensitive to deformation information, making it one of the greatest options for shield tunnels to perceive structural deformation. In this study, a 1:20 scale model test was carried out to investigate the deformation perception of the shield tunnel structure under three different layouts of surface-mounted FBG sensors. The deformation law of the tunnel is discussed, under the condition of two-factor cross fusion and especially under the condition of constant water pressure and soil pressure change. The results indicate that, under the combined action of water and soil pressure, the uniform water pressure of 0.33 MPa has a stabilizing effect on the segment strain under the vertical load of 0.4 MPa. The traditional four-point layout and the 18° uniform layout are more effective in detecting changes in local tunnel curvature and strain, respectively, compared to the 36° uniform layout mode. It is advised that the traditional four-point layout be used to collect information for other sections’ monitoring and that the 18° uniform layout is for harsh terrain conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Safety and Stability of Buildings: Novel Methods, Materials and Measurements)
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14 pages, 2989 KiB  
Article
Study on Deformation Characteristics of the Segment in the Underwater Shield Tunnel with Varying Earth Pressure
by Rongjun Xing, Yujun Li, Chuan He, Daiqiang Zhu, Yufu Li, Chaofan Yao, Yu Liu, Pai Xu and Zhongchao Zhao
Buildings 2024, 14(9), 2789; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092789 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 486
Abstract
The segment in an underwater shield tunnel is influenced by the change of earth pressure and water pressure. Therefore, the law of segment deformation should be mastered for the safe operation of the tunnel. To obtain the law of segment deformation under varying [...] Read more.
The segment in an underwater shield tunnel is influenced by the change of earth pressure and water pressure. Therefore, the law of segment deformation should be mastered for the safe operation of the tunnel. To obtain the law of segment deformation under varying earth pressure, loading conditions of constant water pressure and without water pressure were considered. In this study, the numerical simulation and scale model experiment were carried to analyze the strain, curvature, and displacement of the segment. The results show that the strain amplitude of segments is reduced by the water pressure under a range of earth pressure. When the earth pressure ranges from 0 MPa to 2.4 MPa and the water pressure 0.33 MPa, the displacement of the vault and arch waist exhibit a decreased rate of 7.916 mm/MPa and an increased rate of 5.416 mm/MPa, respectively. Under the combined effects of constant water pressure and varying earth pressure, the curvature of the segment tends to stabilize after a rapid change with a maximum of 0.004 m−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Safety and Stability of Buildings: Novel Methods, Materials and Measurements)
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16 pages, 6168 KiB  
Article
Influence Analysis of Material Parameter Uncertainties on the Stability Safety Factor of Concrete Gravity Dams: A Probabilistic Method
by Daquan Wang, Xiang Lu, Chengzhi Zheng, Ke Gong, Litan Pan, Liang Pei and Zepeng Zhao
Buildings 2024, 14(8), 2435; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082435 - 7 Aug 2024
Viewed by 902
Abstract
Anti-sliding stability safety is a critical issue that must be given sufficient and widespread attention during the entire lifecycle of gravity dams. The calculated anti-sliding stability safety factor (ASS-SF) is usually compared with the allowable value required by the standards in the traditional [...] Read more.
Anti-sliding stability safety is a critical issue that must be given sufficient and widespread attention during the entire lifecycle of gravity dams. The calculated anti-sliding stability safety factor (ASS-SF) is usually compared with the allowable value required by the standards in the traditional method, which ignores the influence of material parameter uncertainties and leads to unreasonable safety evaluation results. Therefore, the nonlinear functional relationship between the stability safety factor (SF) and the random variable parameters is constructed based on the response surface equations, and the distribution types of SF sequences calculated by the Monte Carlo sampling are determined, then a probabilistic stability evaluation method for concrete gravity dams is proposed. Engineering application shows that the calculated SF obeys the normal distribution; the minimum guaranteed rate of different sliding paths in a gravity dam is 86.66%, and the guaranteed rate for the overload safety factor (OSF) is 36.00%. The results imply that a guaranteed rate for the allowable value of the ASS-SF should be provided when making the stability safety evaluation of the dams, especially the OSF. The outcome of this research will advance the understanding of stability evaluation of concrete dams, and reduce the potential risk of sliding instability of concrete dams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Safety and Stability of Buildings: Novel Methods, Materials and Measurements)
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15 pages, 3977 KiB  
Article
Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of Anhydrite Rock Tunnels under Swelling Conditions: A Study on Stress, Deformation, and Engineering Solutions
by Zihui Zan, Ran Wang, Yunfeng Zhao, Jianxun Wu and Zhenkun Hou
Buildings 2024, 14(8), 2357; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082357 - 31 Jul 2024
Viewed by 685
Abstract
This study presents an analytical approach for evaluating the reliability of anhydrite rock tunnels, focusing on their characteristic swelling behavior. Anhydrite rocks, prone to significant expansion upon moisture exposure, pose a challenge in tunnel construction, potentially leading to structural issues such as floor [...] Read more.
This study presents an analytical approach for evaluating the reliability of anhydrite rock tunnels, focusing on their characteristic swelling behavior. Anhydrite rocks, prone to significant expansion upon moisture exposure, pose a challenge in tunnel construction, potentially leading to structural issues such as floor heave and lining damage. To address this, this research develops an elastic swelling analytical solution based on humidity stress field theory, enabling the assessment of time-dependent stress and deformation changes in anhydrite tunnels. The solution’s applicability is demonstrated through its application to the Lirang tunnel. The investigation into the effects of support pressure, swelling time, and reserved deformation on tunnel reliability reveals that circumferential stress at the tunnel wall increases by 13.94% and 21.86% for swelling periods of 30 and 365 days, respectively. Similarly, radial displacement escalates by 22.97% and 35.93% over these periods, highlighting the significant impact of swelling behavior. Using a spreadsheet-based First Order Reliability Method (FORM) for analysis, this study finds that the original design of the Lirang tunnel did not meet the desired reliability standards under swelling conditions. However, strategic adjustments in construction variables, such as increasing support pressure to 1.2 MPa or enhancing reserved deformation to 59 mm, elevated the tunnel’s reliability to meet safety requirements. This research provides a vital framework for assessing and enhancing the reliability of anhydrite rock tunnels, considering the long-term effects of swelling. It underscores the importance of incorporating swelling behavior in the design and construction of tunnels in anhydrite rock formations, offering valuable insights for optimizing tunnel stability in such challenging geological conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Safety and Stability of Buildings: Novel Methods, Materials and Measurements)
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