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Buildings
Special Issues
Urban Climatic Suitability Design and Risk Management
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Urban Climatic Suitability Design and Risk Management

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 7159

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lin Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: urban climatic prediction; human thermal comfort evaluation; environmental suitability assessment; adaptation analysis of management decisions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Genyu Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
Interests: urban thermal environment; parametric design and optimization; performance-based design; spatial analysis; building simulation
Dr. Jing Du

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China
Interests: urban local climate; thermal comfort; urban thermal environment simulation; regional carbon emissions
Dr. Xiaoyu Tian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: thermal comfort; intelligent control method for air conditioners
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urban climate seems to comprise the outcomes of rapid urbanization, large population size and complex human behavior. In particular, urban style and the features of nature and humanity make the urban climate a unique identity with spatio-temporal characteristics. A series of environmental and energy risks created by the urban climate are continually being discovered. The excessive utilization of air conditioning and large amounts of anthropogenic heat led to prominent urban heat islands and high-temperature thermal safety issues. The accompanying energy consumption is closely associated with a high level of carbon emissions. Considering the emerging issues of the urban climate, this Special Issue explores advanced technologies or theories to contribute to urban climatic sustainability design and risk management.

The Guest Editors cordially welcome high-quality papers focusing on, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Field measurement or numerical modeling of urban climate at different scales.
  • Human thermal comfort and thermal safety risk assessment and management.
  • Mathematical models of urban heat balance theory.
  • Effects of urban morphology and underlying surface materials on urban climate.
  • Climate-sensitive health risk prediction and urban design.
  • Sustainability assessment of urban climate.
  • Air quality modeling analysis and risk management.
  • Urban flood disaster prediction and management.
  • Effective management modes applied in urban governance.

We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Dr. Lin Liu
Dr. Genyu Xu
Dr. Jing Du
Dr. Xiaoyu Tian
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urban climate
  • sustainable urban design
  • risk assessment and management
  • thermal comfort
  • thermal safety
  • urban wind and thermal environment
  • solar radiation modeling

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 23112 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Optimization of Wind Environment in Coastal Village Spatial Forms of Western Guangdong
by Yue Pang, Zhanxun Liang, Peisheng Xie and Li Li
Buildings 2024, 14(12), 3721; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14123721 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 289
Abstract
Naozhou Island is located in a subtropical marine monsoon climate, with frequent windy days throughout the year, which has a significant impact on the residents’ lives. The spatial form of local traditional villages has adapted to the local wind environment through long-term practical [...] Read more.
Naozhou Island is located in a subtropical marine monsoon climate, with frequent windy days throughout the year, which has a significant impact on the residents’ lives. The spatial form of local traditional villages has adapted to the local wind environment through long-term practical exploration. This study aims to quantitatively analyze this layout to explore the patterns of its climate adaptability, thereby providing guidance for modern village construction. The research method primarily involves using CFD software (2019) to analyze the spatial form parameters of the village, namely village scale, planar form, building density, and orientation, along with their effects on average wind speed, wind speed amplification factor, and wind field coefficient under normal and extreme wind conditions. The results show that an appropriate planar form can enhance the wind adaptability of the village, while village scale and building density significantly affect the wind environment. However, the orientation of the village does not have a significant impact on wind field changes due to the discontinuity of the street system. These patterns of wind adaptability can assist in the planning and design of future coastal villages to enhance the wind environment regulation and disaster resilience of island villages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Climatic Suitability Design and Risk Management)
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17 pages, 2500 KiB  
Article
An Operational Carbon Emission Prediction Model Based on Machine Learning Methods for Urban Residential Buildings in Guangzhou
by Lintao Zheng, Kang Luo and Lihua Zhao
Buildings 2024, 14(11), 3699; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113699 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 316
Abstract
The carbon emissions of urban residential buildings are substantial. However, the standard operating conditions specified in current energy-saving standards significantly differ from the actual energy consumption under real operating conditions. Therefore, it is essential to consider the impact of residents’ actual energy consumption [...] Read more.
The carbon emissions of urban residential buildings are substantial. However, the standard operating conditions specified in current energy-saving standards significantly differ from the actual energy consumption under real operating conditions. Therefore, it is essential to consider the impact of residents’ actual energy consumption behavior in carbon emission forecasts. To improve the accuracy of carbon emission predictions for urban residential buildings, this paper focuses on residential buildings in Guangzhou. Taking into account the energy consumption behavior of residents, parameterized modeling is carried out in the R language, and simulation is carried out using EnergyPlus software. Analysis revealed that the higher the comfort level of residential energy consumption behavior, the more it is necessary to encourage residents to adopt energy-saving behaviors. Combining carbon emission factors, air-conditioning energy efficiency, and the power consumption models of lighting and electrical equipment, a comprehensive operational carbon emission prediction model for urban residential operations in Guangzhou was developed. By comparing the prediction model with an actual case, it was found that the prediction deviation was only 4%, indicating high accuracy. The proposed operational carbon emission model can quickly assist designers in evaluating the carbon emissions of urban residential buildings in the early stages of design, providing an accurate basis for decision-making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Climatic Suitability Design and Risk Management)
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22 pages, 7749 KiB  
Article
Energy-Efficiency-Oriented Spatial Configuration of VRV Outdoor Units in an Equipment Layer Under Background Wind Conditions
by Lin Liu, Haoran Huang and Xiaoyu Tian
Buildings 2024, 14(11), 3681; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113681 - 19 Nov 2024
Viewed by 241
Abstract
This study provides a spatial configuration method to improve the cooling efficiency of multiple VRV outdoor units placed on equipment layers with high floors. Relevant factors include wind parameters, the placement of multiple outdoor units, and louver. A total of 96 cases were [...] Read more.
This study provides a spatial configuration method to improve the cooling efficiency of multiple VRV outdoor units placed on equipment layers with high floors. Relevant factors include wind parameters, the placement of multiple outdoor units, and louver. A total of 96 cases were designed. CFD simulations were used to obtain the inlet air temperature distributions of multiple outdoor units and then calculate their cooling efficiency. The results found that these factors have effects on the average cooling efficiency of outdoor units in a single row to a certain extent. The influencing degrees of these factors, from large to small, were the louver angle, wind parameters, and the placement of multiple outdoor units. When the cooling efficiency of outdoor units was maximum and the louver angle was 15°, the louvers could be oriented perpendicular to the dominant wind direction (90°) when wind speed was ≥6 m/s, and the unit spacing was 600 mm. Based on this, when the number of outdoor units was expanded in the limited space, staggered arrangements with different directions of heat exchange surfaces were a recommended optimization layout. This study provides technical support for improving the working efficiency of VRV outdoor units in an equipment layer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Climatic Suitability Design and Risk Management)
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19 pages, 13797 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation on Cooling Performance of Water Spray Window
by Xiu Yang, Jiang He, Yuanyao Zhang, Guanghong Huang, Junli Wang and Linghui Liao
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1687; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061687 - 6 Jun 2024
Viewed by 614
Abstract
The cooling performance of the energy-saving water spray window cooling system under summer conditions in Nanning city in southern China, is experimentally examined in this study. By constructing two identical test rooms for comparison, in the experiment we analyzed the effects of water [...] Read more.
The cooling performance of the energy-saving water spray window cooling system under summer conditions in Nanning city in southern China, is experimentally examined in this study. By constructing two identical test rooms for comparison, in the experiment we analyzed the effects of water temperature (22 °C, 26 °C, 30 °C), spray frequency (8, 10, 12, 15 min intervals), glass structure (single-layer, double-layer, triple-layer), air conditioning temperature (26 °C, 27 °C, 28 °C, 29 °C), and outer lamination thickness (30, 50, 100, 200 mm) on the cooling effect of windows, aiming to determine the optimal operating conditions. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the appropriate operating mode for the water spray window system involves using the coldest water source (22 °C), with a spray interval of 8 min, a three-layer air cavity sprayed glass construction, an air cavity thickness set at 100 mm, and the best air conditioning temperature (26 °C). The study found that the water spray system can reduce the outer glass surface temperature of the window by 6 °C and the inner surface temperature by 2 °C. Moreover, the more glass layers and the thicker the lamination, the higher the energy saving rate; with a maximum energy saving rate of 35.19%. The water spray window has good adaptability and significant energy-saving effects in Southeast Asia. By scientifically selecting energy-saving glass types and fine-tuning operating modes, it is expected that efficient building energy conservation in hot climates can be achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Climatic Suitability Design and Risk Management)
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27 pages, 11195 KiB  
Article
Strategies for Mitigating Urban Residential Carbon Emissions: A System Dynamics Analysis of Kunming, China
by Jian Xu, Yujia Qian, Bingyue He, Huixuan Xiang, Ran Ling and Genyu Xu
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040982 - 2 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1377
Abstract
To effectively combat environmental challenges, it is necessary to evaluate urban residential building carbon emissions and implement energy-efficient, emission-reducing strategies. The lack of a specialized carbon emission monitoring system complicates merging macro- and micro-level analyses to forecast urban residential emissions accurately. This study [...] Read more.
To effectively combat environmental challenges, it is necessary to evaluate urban residential building carbon emissions and implement energy-efficient, emission-reducing strategies. The lack of a specialized carbon emission monitoring system complicates merging macro- and micro-level analyses to forecast urban residential emissions accurately. This study employs a system dynamics (SD) model to examine the influence of social, economic, energy, and environmental factors on carbon emissions in urban residences in Kunming, China. The SD model forecasts household carbon emissions from 2022 to 2030 and establishes three scenarios: a low-carbon scenario (LCS), a medium low-carbon scenario (MLCS), and a high low-carbon scenario (HLCS) to assess emission reduction potentials. It predicts emissions will climb to 4.108 million tons by 2030, significantly surpassing the 2014 baseline, with economic growth, urbanization, residential energy consumption, and housing investment as key drivers. To curb emissions, the study suggests enhancing low-carbon awareness, altering energy sources, promoting research and development investment, and expanding green areas. The scenarios indicate a 5.1% to 16.1% emission reduction by 2030 compared to the baseline. The study recommends an 8.3% to 11.4% reduction in MLCS as a practical short-term target for managing urban residential emissions, offering a valuable SD approach for optimizing carbon strategies and aiding low-carbon development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Climatic Suitability Design and Risk Management)
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22 pages, 6617 KiB  
Article
Mist Spraying as an Outdoor Cooling Spot in Hot-Humid Areas: Effect of Ambient Environment and Impact on Short-Term Thermal Perception
by Pin Wang, Sumei Lu, Xiaowei Wu, Jun Tian and Ning Li
Buildings 2024, 14(2), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020336 - 25 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3384
Abstract
Mist spraying is an active cooling technology used to alleviate heat stress during hot summers. However, there is limited experimental research on the relationship between ambient thermal parameters and spray cooling efficiency, as well as the transient and short-term thermal perceptions of local [...] Read more.
Mist spraying is an active cooling technology used to alleviate heat stress during hot summers. However, there is limited experimental research on the relationship between ambient thermal parameters and spray cooling efficiency, as well as the transient and short-term thermal perceptions of local residents. In this study, an intermittent mist spraying system was set up, and environmental measurements, coupled with questionnaire surveys, were conducted under typical high temperature and still air conditions. The aim was to investigate the relationship among environmental factors, spray cooling effects, and dynamic improvements in human thermal perception. The results showed that higher ambient temperatures resulted in a more significant cooling effect, with a maximum value of 5.68 °C. Upon entering the spraying area, people experienced a large perceptual change, with the mean thermal sensation and thermal comfort change covering 73% and 62% of the total change ranges, respectively. This study indicated that the mist spray system can be activated if the ambient temperature exceeds 32.5 °C, helping local residents maintain a physiological state close to slightly hot and neutral comfort. These findings suggest that mist spraying can be applied in environmental design as an outdoor cooling spot to mitigate urban overheating, providing valuable insights for the application of mist spray systems in actual outdoor settings in hot-humid areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Climatic Suitability Design and Risk Management)
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