Heat Pump Systems and Thermal Technology for Buildings

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 3334

Special Issue Editors

School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Interests: building heat storage; phase change heat storage; air source heat pump; energy flexibility of HVAC system; energy-efficient buildings

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Guest Editor
1. School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
2. Tri-Y Environmental Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Interests: passive solar energy; thermal environmental control; low-energy buildings; thermal performance; building technology

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Guest Editor
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
Interests: indoor thermal environmental control; smart buildings; building energy consumption; direct-expansion-based air conditioning; thermal comfort

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, energy utilization and carbon emissions have become important issues on a global scale and have received great attention from the international community. In order to cope with the dual pressures of climate change and the energy crisis, many countries have formulated a series of energy-saving and carbon-reduction policies to limit the consumption of fossil energy in various industries. According to the United Nations Environment Programme's newly released "2022 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction", the construction industry accounts for up to 34% and 35% of global total energy consumption and carbon emissions, respectively. In particular, the International Energy Agency's CO2 Emissions in 2022 states that global energy-related CO2 emissions increased by 321 Mt in 2022, of which 60 Mt CO2 can be attributed to cooling and heating demand in extreme weather.

Therefore, how to reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings while pursuing higher thermal comfort has become the focus of scholars in the architecture field. Improving the heat transfer performance of buildings, reducing the energy demand for heating and cooling in buildings, and increasing the proportion of renewable energy are effective ways to save energy and reduce carbon in buildings.

Despite the existence of many studies dedicated to exploring energy utilization and carbon emissions, there are still many challenges and opportunities for energy saving and emission reduction in building heating and cooling. In this regard, the journal Buildings announces a call for papers for a Special Issue devoted to "Heat Pump Systems and Thermal Technology for Buildings". The Special Issue seeks papers that expand upon the current literature and understanding of the buildings thermal technology and heat pump systems. Papers discussing how to use advanced building technology and envelope high-performance buildings are also welcome. Original research and review papers on the following topics are welcome:

  • Energy efficiency in buildings;
  • Building heat pump (ground source, air source, etc.) systems;
  • Building renewable energy air conditioning system;
  • Building thermal environment control;
  • Building intelligent ventilation;
  • Building intelligent energy system;
  • Electricity demand response technologies for building air conditioning systems;
  • Building renewable energy utilization technology;
  • Passive building energy-saving technology;
  • New building envelope structures;
  • Utilization of high-performance building envelope materials;
  • Building heat transfer model;
  • Thermal performance of building components (walls, floors, roofs, windows, doors, etc.);
  • Building active and passive thermal storage technologies.

All types of research methods are acceptable: experimental, theoretical, numerical, analytical, computational, case studies, etc. The main criteria accepted by the paper are academic excellence, scientific rationality, and originality and novelty of applications, methods or experiments.

Dr. Weilin Li
Dr. Jiayin Zhu
Dr. Liu Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heat pump
  • energy efficiency
  • renewable energy
  • building heat storage
  • smart energy systems
  • indoor thermal environment
  • air conditioning systems

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2431 KiB  
Article
Investigation into the Operating Performance of a Novel Direct Expansion-Based Air Conditioning System
by Liu Yang, Xiang Zhao, Haitao Wang, Wenfeng Bi and Shengnan Liu
Buildings 2024, 14(9), 2846; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092846 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 474
Abstract
This study introduces a novel direct expansion air conditioning (DX AC) system with three evaporators (DX-TE) to enhance indoor temperature and humidity control. Operating in two modes, the DX-TE system provides variable cooling output, adapting to fluctuating indoor cooling loads while maintaining uniform [...] Read more.
This study introduces a novel direct expansion air conditioning (DX AC) system with three evaporators (DX-TE) to enhance indoor temperature and humidity control. Operating in two modes, the DX-TE system provides variable cooling output, adapting to fluctuating indoor cooling loads while maintaining uniform air supply. Experimental and simulation studies were conducted to investigate the system’s operational characteristics. An experimental setup was established to obtain preliminary steady-state data, followed by the development and validation of a steady-state mathematical model. Simulation studies were then performed to optimize the evaporator sizes. The results indicate that the DX-TE system delivers variable cooling capacities at a constant compressor speed and airflow rate, outperforming conventional variable frequency DX AC systems in cooling and dehumidification. The evaporator area ratio significantly impacts the system’s performance, with smaller ratios yielding a larger output range. As the area ratio increases from 1:1 to 1:3, the cooling capacity range in Modes 1 and 2 increases by 33.6% and 14.3%, respectively, while the dehumidification range expands by 58.6% and 51.69%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Pump Systems and Thermal Technology for Buildings)
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22 pages, 4859 KiB  
Article
Carbon Reduction Potential of Flexible Energy Use for Air Conditioning Considering Uncertainty: A Case Study
by Lu Jin, Min Sun, Zhenlan Dou, Zishuo Huang and Yinhui Chen
Buildings 2024, 14(7), 2168; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072168 - 14 Jul 2024
Viewed by 861
Abstract
Flexible air conditioning energy use, leveraging building thermal inertia and thermal energy storage, can effectively reduce building carbon emissions. The carbon reduction potential of flexible energy use in air conditioning is influenced by uncertainties, such as dynamic electricity carbon emission factors. To accurately [...] Read more.
Flexible air conditioning energy use, leveraging building thermal inertia and thermal energy storage, can effectively reduce building carbon emissions. The carbon reduction potential of flexible energy use in air conditioning is influenced by uncertainties, such as dynamic electricity carbon emission factors. To accurately quantify this potential, a methodology for calculating the carbon reduction achievable through flexible energy use in air conditioning, considering these uncertainties, is proposed. First, the sources of uncertainty in air conditioning energy use are identified and mathematically described. Next, the relationship between uncertainty, load, and carbon emissions is analyzed. Subsequently, the carbon reduction mechanisms of various flexible air conditioning energy use methods, based on building thermal inertia and energy storage, are, respectively, explained, and corresponding mathematical models are established. Finally, a case study is conducted to verify the feasibility of the method and reveal the characteristics of the carbon reduction potential of various flexible energy use methods, considering uncertainty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Pump Systems and Thermal Technology for Buildings)
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22 pages, 3236 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Collective Heating of Buildings
by Emad Ali, Abdelhamid Ajbar and Bilal Lamrani
Buildings 2024, 14(1), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010141 - 6 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1472
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and identify the most effective thermal energy storage (TES) system configuration for the collective heating of buildings. It compares three TES technologies, i.e., sensible, latent, and cascade latent shell and tube storage, and examines their respective performances. A [...] Read more.
This study aims to investigate and identify the most effective thermal energy storage (TES) system configuration for the collective heating of buildings. It compares three TES technologies, i.e., sensible, latent, and cascade latent shell and tube storage, and examines their respective performances. A fast and accurate lumped thermal dynamic model to efficiently simulate TES system performances under different operation conditions is developed. The validation of this model’s accuracy is achieved by aligning numerical findings with data from prior experimental studies. Key findings indicated that the latent and cascade latent shell and tube storage systems demonstrate superior thermal energy storage capacities compared to the sensible configuration. Using a single-phase change material (PCM) tank increases the duration of constant thermal power storage by about 50%, and using a cascade PCM tank further enhances this duration by approximately 65% compared to the sensible TES case. Moreover, the study revealed that adjusting the PCM composition within the cascade TES significantly influenced both thermal power storage durations and pumping energy consumption. In summary, the recommended cascade PCM configuration for collective heating of buildings offers a balanced solution, ensuring prolonged stable thermal power production, elevated HTF outlet temperatures, and improved energy efficiency, presenting promising prospects for enhancing TES systems in district heating applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Pump Systems and Thermal Technology for Buildings)
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