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Carbon-Based Sensors
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Carbon-Based Sensors

A special issue of C (ISSN 2311-5629).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2017) | Viewed by 25816

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jandro L. Abot

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
Interests: experimental stress mechanics; polymeric composite materials; carbon nanotube fibers; integrated and distributed structural health monitoring in composite materials; piezoresistive sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sensors will play an even more significant impact in future years and demand for highly responsive, selective, and cost effective sensors requires research on new sensing materials and technologies. Novel nanoscale carbon materials may provide new opportunities towards the development of highly miniaturized and integrated sensors and bring new challenges in their synthesis, assembly and fabrication. Functional carbon materials include graphene, carbon nanotubes and their assemblies, such as fibers, fabrics or mats, porous carbon, and polymeric-based carbon fibers. These materials have superb mechanical, thermal and electrical properties and could be tapped to develop the next generation of sensors. The main aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest experimental research and development on carbon sensors and their applications. Both stand-alone sensors and sensors integrated in polymers and composite materials are of special interest. Electrochemical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, mass, optical, photonic-based sensors are of interest. Sensing effects may include physical, chemical, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive, optical, thermal, magnetic, or combined effects between them. Novel sensing concepts and principles including synergistic ones among existing sensing approaches are of interest in the context of applications in several sectors of the economy including structural health monitoring, health care, security and defense. Sensor and actuator systems based on carbon materials are also of interest.

Prof. Dr. Jandro L. Abot
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. C is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • physical sensors
  • chemical sensors
  • electrochemical sensors
  • carbon nanomaterials
  • sensor applications
  • experimental research

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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3908 KiB  
Article
Piezoresistive Response of Integrated CNT Yarns under Compression and Tension: The Effect of Lateral Constraint
by Jude C. Anike, Huy H. Le, Grace E. Brodeur, Mathew M. Kadavan and Jandro L. Abot
C 2017, 3(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/c3020014 - 5 May 2017
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6569
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns are fiber-like materials that exhibit excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. More importantly, they exhibit a piezoresistive response that can be tapped for sensing purposes. The objective of this study is to determine experimentally the piezoresistive response of CNT [...] Read more.
Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns are fiber-like materials that exhibit excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. More importantly, they exhibit a piezoresistive response that can be tapped for sensing purposes. The objective of this study is to determine experimentally the piezoresistive response of CNT yarns that are embedded in a polymeric medium while subjected to either tension or compression, and compare it with that of the free or unconstrained CNT yarns. The rationale is the need to know the piezoresistive response of the CNT yarn while in a medium, which provides a lateral constraint to the CNT yarn, thus mimicking the response of integrated CNT yarn sensors. The experimental program includes the fabrication of samples and their electromechanical characterization. The CNT yarns are integrated in polymeric beams and subjected to four-point bending, allowing the determination of their response under tension and compression. The electromechanical data from a combined Inductance–Capacitance–Resistance (LCR) device and a mechanical testing system were used to determine the piezoresistive response of the CNT yarns. At a strain rate of 0.006 min−1, the gauge factor obtained under tension for a maximum strain of 0.1% is ~29.3 which is higher than ~21.2 obtained under compression. The CNT yarn sensor exhibited strain rate dependence with a gauge factor of approximately 23.0 at 0.006 min−1, in comparison to 19.0 and 1.3, which were obtained at 0.0005 min−1 and 0.003 min−1, respectively. There is a difference of up to two orders of magnitude in the sensitivity of the constrained CNT yarn under bending with respect to that of the free CNT yarn under uniaxial tension. However, the difference becomes smaller when the constrained CNT yarn was tested under uniaxial tension. This data and information will be used for future modeling efforts and to study the phenomena that occur when CNT yarns are integrated in polymeric and composite materials and structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Sensors)
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3627 KiB  
Article
High-Bandwidth and Sensitive Air Flow Sensing Based on Resonance Properties of CNT-on-Fiber Hairs
by Keith Slinker, Corey Kondash, Benjamin T. Dickinson and Jeffery W. Baur
C 2017, 3(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/c3010006 - 8 Mar 2017
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4879
Abstract
Artificial hair flow sensors were fabricated using piezoresistive, radially grown carbon nanotube arrays on glass fibers and investigated for their dynamic aerodynamic response as measured within an instrumented plane-wave tube. The sensors were experimentally observed to provide both a large bandwidth of operation [...] Read more.
Artificial hair flow sensors were fabricated using piezoresistive, radially grown carbon nanotube arrays on glass fibers and investigated for their dynamic aerodynamic response as measured within an instrumented plane-wave tube. The sensors were experimentally observed to provide both a large bandwidth of operation below first resonance and a strong resonance response at selected frequencies above first resonance. The frequency of first resonance was easily tunable by adjusting the length of the exposed hair and could be made to vary from a few hundred hertz to over 13 kHz. Higher frequency bands were accessible for a given hair length using higher-order resonance modes, up to five of which were observed. All of the responses were understood and modeled using a vibrating Euler-Bernoulli beam analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Sensors)
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Review

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1988 KiB  
Review
Biosensors Based on Lipid Modified Graphene Microelectrodes
by Georgia-Paraskevi Nikoleli, Christina G. Siontorou, Dimitrios P. Nikolelis, Spyridoula Bratakou, Stephanos Karapetis and Nikolaos Tzamtzis
C 2017, 3(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/c3010009 - 16 Mar 2017
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5953
Abstract
Graphene is one of the new materials which has shown a large impact on the electronic industry due to its versatile properties, such as high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and large spectrum of electrochemical properties. The graphene material-based electronic [...] Read more.
Graphene is one of the new materials which has shown a large impact on the electronic industry due to its versatile properties, such as high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and large spectrum of electrochemical properties. The graphene material-based electronic industry has provided flexible devices which are inexpensive, simple and low power-consuming sensor tools, therefore opening an outstanding new door in the field of portable electronic devices. All these attractive advantages of graphene give a platform for the development of a new generation of devices in both food and environmental applications. Lipid-based sensors have proven to be a good route to the construction of novel devices with improved characteristics, such as fast response times, increased sensitivity and selectivity, and the possibility of miniaturization for the construction of portable biosensors. Therefore, the incorporation of a lipid substrate on graphene electrodes has provided a route to the construction of a highly sensitive and selective class of biosensors with fast response times and portability of field applications for the rapid detection of toxicants in the environment and food products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Sensors)
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4711 KiB  
Review
Carbon Nanostructures for Tagging in Electrochemical Biosensing: A Review
by Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño, Susana Campuzano and José M. Pingarrón
C 2017, 3(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/c3010003 - 16 Jan 2017
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 7146
Abstract
Growing demand for developing ultrasensitive electrochemical bioassays has led to the design of numerous signal amplification strategies. In this context, carbon-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be excellent tags for greatly amplifying the transduction of recognition events and simplifying the protocols used in [...] Read more.
Growing demand for developing ultrasensitive electrochemical bioassays has led to the design of numerous signal amplification strategies. In this context, carbon-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be excellent tags for greatly amplifying the transduction of recognition events and simplifying the protocols used in electrochemical biosensing. This relevant role is due to the carbon-nanomaterials’ large surface area, excellent biological compatibility and ease functionalization and, in some cases, intrinsic electrochemistry. These carbon-based nanomaterials involve well-known carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene as well as the more recent use of other carbon nanoforms. This paper briefly discusses the advantages of using carbon nanostructures and their hybrid nanocomposites for amplification through tagging in electrochemical biosensing platforms and provides an updated overview of some selected examples making use of labels involving carbon nanomaterials, acting both as carriers for signal elements and as electrochemical tracers, applied to the electrochemical biosensing of relevant (bio)markers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Sensors)
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