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Prebiotics, Probiotics, Postbiotics and Supplements: Mechanisms of Action and Beneficial...
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Prebiotics, Probiotics, Postbiotics and Supplements: Mechanisms of Action and Beneficial Effects in Humans

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 35942

Special Issue Editors

Dr. John Charles Rotondo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: cancer; MCC; MCPyV; large T antigen; antibody; antigen; ELISA; infertility; SARS-CoV-2; prevalence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elena Torreggiani

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: cellular biology; molecular biology; genetics; oncology; regenerative medicine
Dr. Chiara Mazziotta

E-Mail
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: viral oncology; immunology; microbiology; oncology; molecular biology; vaccines; virus; epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The purpose of this Special Issue entitled “Prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics and supplements: mechanisms of action and beneficial effects of human health and diseases” is to focus on the importance of beneficial microbes and supplements in human health, with particular interest on their mechanisms of action and interactions with human cells.

Growing evidence indicates that prebiotic, probiotic and postbiotic bacteria and supplements present health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties in humans. These microorganisms/compounds provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the intestinal microflora and by positively influencing the activity of a variety of human cell types, such as both immune and intestinal cells. Moreover, they are highly reliable at preventing and/or counteracting various disorders, given their positive impact the host's cellular immunity. Prebiotic, probiotic and/or postbiotic supplementation might therefore represent a novel cost-effective alternative solution in the treatment of human diseases.

As Guest Editors of this Special Issue, we would like to invite you to submit research articles, review articles and/or short communications dealing with this field.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  •  Probiotics;
  •  Prebiotics;
  •  Postbiotics;
  •  Cellular metabolism;
  •  Cellular immunology;
  •  Intra- and extracellular signaling;
  •  Cell growth and differentiation;
  •  Supplements;
  •  Microbiome;
  •  Immunity;
  •  Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation;
  •  Omics.

Dr. John Charles Rotondo
Dr. Elena Torreggiani
Dr. Chiara Mazziotta
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prebiotics
  • probiotics
  • postbiotics
  • supplements
  • human health
  • microbiota
  • beneficial microbes
  • microbiome
  • microbial modulation effects
  • immune system

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 9537 KiB  
Article
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lac16 Attenuates Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection by Inhibiting Virulence Traits and Improving Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function
by Baikui Wang, Yuanhao Zhou, Qi Wang, Shujie Xu, Fei Wang, Min Yue, Zhonghua Zeng and Weifen Li
Cells 2023, 12(10), 1438; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12101438 - 21 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5564
Abstract
Large-scale use of antimicrobials in agriculture and medicine contributes to antibiotic residues in raw foods, the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and drug pollution, which seriously threatens human health and imposes significant economic burdens on society, suggesting the need for novel therapeutic options [...] Read more.
Large-scale use of antimicrobials in agriculture and medicine contributes to antibiotic residues in raw foods, the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and drug pollution, which seriously threatens human health and imposes significant economic burdens on society, suggesting the need for novel therapeutic options that prevent or control zoonoses. In this study, four probiotics were selected to assess their capability to alleviate pathogen-induced damage. Results showed that a simulated gastrointestinal juice and bile tolerated L. plantarum Lac16 with high lactic acid secretion can significantly inhibit the growth of multiple zoonotic pathogens. Lac16 also significantly inhibited the biofilm formation and mRNA expression of virulence traits (genes related to virulence, toxins, flagella biogenesis and motility, antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and AI-2 quorum sensing) of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC). Furthermore, Lac16 and Lac26 significantly protected C. elegans against zoonotic pathogen-induced (EHEC, S. typhimurium, C. perfringens) deaths. Moreover, Lac16 significantly promoted epithelial repair and ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal epithelial apoptosis and barrier dysfunction by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and markedly reduced LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. The present results indicate that Lac16 attenuates enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection-induced damage by inhibiting key virulence traits of E. coli, promoting epithelial repair and improving intestinal epithelial barrier function, which may be mediated by the activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the inhibited TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway of the intestinal epithelium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, Postbiotics and Supplements: Mechanisms of Action and Beneficial Effects in Humans)
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19 pages, 3263 KiB  
Article
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GM-080 Ameliorates Allergic Airway Inflammation in Children with Allergic Rhinitis: From an Animal Model to a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
by En-Kwang Lin, Wen-Wei Chang, Jhih-Hua Jhong, Wan-Hua Tsai, Chia-Hsuan Chou and I-Jen Wang
Cells 2023, 12(5), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12050768 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3296
Abstract
Background: Probiotics may facilitate the clinical management of allergic diseases. However, their effects on allergic rhinitis (AR) remain unclear. We examined the efficacy and safety of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GM-080 in a mouse model of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and in children with perennial AR [...] Read more.
Background: Probiotics may facilitate the clinical management of allergic diseases. However, their effects on allergic rhinitis (AR) remain unclear. We examined the efficacy and safety of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GM-080 in a mouse model of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and in children with perennial AR (PAR) by using a double-blind, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled design. Methods: The production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-12 was measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GM-080 safety was evaluated via the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of virulence genes. An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AHR mouse model was constructed, and lung inflammation was evaluated by measuring the infiltrating leukocyte content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A clinical trial was conducted with 122 children with PAR who were randomized to receive different doses of GM-080 or the placebo for 3 months, and their AHR symptom severity scores, total nasal symptom scores (TNSSs), and Investigator Global Assessment Scale scores were examined. Results: Among the tested L. paracasei strains, GM-080 induced the highest IFN-γ and IL-12 levels in mouse splenocytes. WGS analysis revealed the absence of virulence factors or antibiotic-resistance genes in GM-080. The oral administration of GM-080 at 1 × 107 colony forming units (CFU)/mouse/day for 8 weeks alleviated OVA-induced AHR and reduced airway inflammation in mice. In children with PAR, the oral consumption of GM-080 at 2 × 109 CFU/day for 3 months ameliorated sneezing and improved Investigator Global Assessment Scale scores significantly. GM-080 consumption led to a nonsignificant decrease in TNSS and also nonsignificantly reduced IgE but increased INF-γ levels. Conclusion: GM-080 may be used as a nutrient supplement to alleviate airway allergic inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, Postbiotics and Supplements: Mechanisms of Action and Beneficial Effects in Humans)
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23 pages, 3452 KiB  
Article
Binding and Detoxification of Insecticides by Potentially Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Environment—An In Vitro Study
by Aleksandra Leska, Adriana Nowak, Karolina Miśkiewicz and Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek
Cells 2022, 11(23), 3743; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11233743 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3294
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) naturally inhabiting the digestive tract of honeybees are known for their ability to detoxify xenobiotics. The effect of chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, and imidacloprid on the growth of LAB strains was tested. All strains showed high resistance to these insecticides. Subsequently, [...] Read more.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) naturally inhabiting the digestive tract of honeybees are known for their ability to detoxify xenobiotics. The effect of chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, and imidacloprid on the growth of LAB strains was tested. All strains showed high resistance to these insecticides. Subsequently, the insecticide binding ability of LAB was investigated. Coumaphos and chlorpyrifos were bound to the greatest extent (up to approx. 64%), and imidacloprid to a much weaker extent (up to approx. 36%). The insecticides were detected in extra- and intracellular extracts of the bacterial cell wall. The ability of selected LAB to reduce the cyto- and genotoxicity of insecticides was tested on two normal (ovarian insect Sf-9 and rat intestinal IEC-6) cell lines and one cancer (human intestinal Caco-2) cell line. All strains exhibited various levels of reduction in the cyto- and genotoxicity of tested insecticides. It seems that coumaphos was detoxified most potently. The detoxification abilities depended on the insecticide, LAB strain, and cell line. The detoxification of insecticides in the organisms of honeybees may reduce the likelihood of the penetration of these toxins into honeybee products consumed by humans and may contribute to the improvement of the condition in apiaries and honeybee health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, Postbiotics and Supplements: Mechanisms of Action and Beneficial Effects in Humans)
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Review

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33 pages, 1345 KiB  
Review
Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health
by Chiara Mazziotta, Mauro Tognon, Fernanda Martini, Elena Torreggiani and John Charles Rotondo
Cells 2023, 12(1), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12010184 - 2 Jan 2023
Cited by 197 | Viewed by 23061
Abstract
Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with and react to each other in a stable environment in order to maintain healthy immune activities. Immune system-microbiota cross-talk relies on a complex network of pathways that sustain the balance between [...] Read more.
Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with and react to each other in a stable environment in order to maintain healthy immune activities. Immune system-microbiota cross-talk relies on a complex network of pathways that sustain the balance between immune tolerance and immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact and stimulate intestinal immune cells and commensal microflora to modulate specific immune functions and immune homeostasis. Growing evidence shows that probiotic bacteria present important health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties. Thus, the use of probiotics might represent a promising approach for improving immune system activities. So far, few studies have been reported on the beneficial immune modulatory effect of probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused on their metabolic/nutritional properties, have been published. Therefore, the mechanisms behind the interaction between host immune cells and probiotics have only been partially described. The present review aims to collect and summarize the most recent scientific results and the resulting implications of how probiotic bacteria and immune cells interact to improve immune functions. Hence, a description of the currently known immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotic bacteria in improving the host immune system is provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, Postbiotics and Supplements: Mechanisms of Action and Beneficial Effects in Humans)
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