Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
9.9
5.1
Journals
Cells
Special Issues
The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III
share announcement

The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2024) | Viewed by 12093

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kay-Dietrich Wagner

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06107 Nice, France
Interests: vessel formation in development and disease; transcriptional control; epigenetics; cancer; cardiovascular disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicole Wagner

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Institute of Biology Valrose, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France
Interests: PPARs; cancer; development; angiogenesis; transcriptional regulation; tumor angiogenesis; mechanisms of tumor progression; cancer treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors. They function as ligand-activated transcription factors. They exist in three isoforms, i.e., PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. For all PPARs, lipids are endogenous ligands, linking them directly to metabolism. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic X receptors and, upon ligand binding, modulate the gene expression of downstream target genes, depending on the presence of co-repressors or co-activators. This results in a complex, cell-type-specific regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. Specific synthetic agonists for all PPARs are available. PPARα and PPARγ agonists are already in clinical use for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. More recently, PPARβ/δ activation came into focus as an interesting novel approach for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular diseases.

In summary, PPARs are linked to metabolic disorders and are interesting pharmaceutical targets. PPARs play important roles in a variety of disorders, e.g., cardiovascular, hepatic, neurological, psychiatric, and immunological diseases and cancer. We guest-edited the first Special Issue on “The Role of PPARs in Disease” of Cells in 2019–2020. Despite the global health crisis, 11 papers were published in this Special Issue, which have received until now more than 60,000 views and more than 450 citations. In 2021–2022, we guest-edited the second Special Issue on the topic “The Role of PPARs in Disease II”. This Special Issue attracted even higher attention. Overall, 20 papers were finally published in this Special Issue, which have already received nearly 52,000 views and 130 citations.

We hope that this new Special Issue of Cells, with the continuous efforts of the scientific community, will be equally or even more successful. This Special Issue will bring together the most recent and exciting advances in understanding the various aspects of the action of PPARs, from basic science to applied therapeutic approaches.

Sincerely,

Dr. Kay-Dietrich Wagner
Dr. Nicole Wagner
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • PPAR
  • immune function
  • liver
  • adipose tissue
  • cardiovascular system
  • muscle
  • neurological and psychiatric diseases
  • cancer
  • transcriptional regulation
  • ligands
  • agonists/antagonists

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Related Special Issues

Published Papers (9 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 12901 KiB  
Article
Class Effect Unveiled: PPARγ Agonists and MEK Inhibitors in Cancer Cell Differentiation
by Rakefet Ben-Yishay, Opher Globus, Nora Balint-Lahat, Sheli Arbili-Yarhi, Neta Bar-Hai, Vered Bar, Sara Aharon, Anna Kosenko, Adi Zundelevich, Raanan Berger and Dana Ishay-Ronen
Cells 2024, 13(17), 1506; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171506 - 9 Sep 2024
Viewed by 818
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a major role in breast cancer progression and the development of drug resistance. We have previously demonstrated a trans-differentiation therapeutic approach targeting invasive dedifferentiated cancer cells. Using a combination of PPARγ agonists and MEK inhibitors, we forced the differentiation [...] Read more.
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a major role in breast cancer progression and the development of drug resistance. We have previously demonstrated a trans-differentiation therapeutic approach targeting invasive dedifferentiated cancer cells. Using a combination of PPARγ agonists and MEK inhibitors, we forced the differentiation of disseminating breast cancer cells into post-mitotic adipocytes. Utilizing murine breast cancer cells, we demonstrated a broad class effect of PPARγ agonists and MEK inhibitors in inducing cancer cell trans-differentiation into adipocytes. Both Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone effectively induced adipogenesis in cancer cells, marked by PPARγ and C/EBPα upregulation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and lipid droplet accumulation. All tested MEK inhibitors promoted adipogenesis in the presence of TGFβ, with Cobimetinib showing the most prominent effects. A metastasis ex vivo culture from a patient diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer demonstrated a synergistic upregulation of PPARγ with the combination of Pioglitazone and Cobimetinib. Our results highlight the potential for new therapeutic strategies targeting cancer cell plasticity and the dedifferentiation phenotype in aggressive breast cancer subtypes. Combining differentiation treatments with standard therapeutic approaches may offer a strategy to overcome drug resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1305 KiB  
Article
The Tumor Suppressor Par-4 Regulates Adipogenesis by Transcriptional Repression of PPARγ
by James Sledziona, Ravshan Burikhanov, Nathalia Araujo, Jieyun Jiang, Nikhil Hebbar and Vivek M. Rangnekar
Cells 2024, 13(17), 1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171495 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 995
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4, also known as PAWR) is a ubiquitously expressed tumor suppressor protein that induces apoptosis selectively in cancer cells, while leaving normal cells unaffected. Our previous studies indicated that genetic loss of Par-4 promoted hepatic steatosis, adiposity, and insulin-resistance in [...] Read more.
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4, also known as PAWR) is a ubiquitously expressed tumor suppressor protein that induces apoptosis selectively in cancer cells, while leaving normal cells unaffected. Our previous studies indicated that genetic loss of Par-4 promoted hepatic steatosis, adiposity, and insulin-resistance in chow-fed mice. Moreover, low plasma levels of Par-4 are associated with obesity in human subjects. The mechanisms underlying obesity in rodents and humans are multi-faceted, and those associated with adipogenesis can be functionally resolved in cell cultures. We therefore used pluripotent mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or preadipocyte cell lines responsive to adipocyte differentiation cues to determine the potential role of Par-4 in adipocytes. We report that pluripotent MEFs from Par-4−/− mice underwent rapid differentiation to mature adipocytes with an increase in lipid droplet accumulation relative to MEFs from Par-4+/+ mice. Knockdown of Par-4 in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cultures by RNA-interference induced rapid differentiation to mature adipocytes. Interestingly, basal expression of PPARγ, a master regulator of de novo lipid synthesis and adipogenesis, was induced during adipogenesis in the cell lines, and PPARγ induction and adipogenesis caused by Par-4 loss was reversed by replenishment of Par-4. Mechanistically, Par-4 downregulates PPARγ expression by directly binding to its upstream promoter, as judged by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase-reporter studies. Thus, Par-4 transcriptionally suppresses the PPARγ promoter to regulate adipogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 4027 KiB  
Article
PPAR-α Insufficiency Enhances Doxorubicin-Induced Nephropathy in PPAR-α Knockout Mice and a Murine Podocyte Cell Line
by Kohei Matsuta, Kazuko Kamiyama, Toru Imamoto, Izumi Takeda, Shinya Masunaga, Mamiko Kobayashi, Naoki Takahashi, Kenji Kasuno, Masanori Hara, Masayuki Iwano, Tadashi Toyama and Hideki Kimura
Cells 2024, 13(17), 1446; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171446 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1071
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) and its exogenous activators (fibrates) promote autophagy. However, whether the deleterious effects of PPAR-α deficiency on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced podocytopathy are associated with reduced autophagy remains to be clarified. We investigated the mechanisms of PPAR-α in DOX-induced podocytopathy and tubular [...] Read more.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) and its exogenous activators (fibrates) promote autophagy. However, whether the deleterious effects of PPAR-α deficiency on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced podocytopathy are associated with reduced autophagy remains to be clarified. We investigated the mechanisms of PPAR-α in DOX-induced podocytopathy and tubular injury in PPAR-α knockout (PAKO) mice and in a murine podocyte cell line. DOX-treated PAKO mice showed higher serum levels of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids and more severe podocytopathy than DOX-treated wild-type mice, as evidenced by higher urinary levels of proteins and podocalyxin at 3 days to 2 weeks and higher blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels at 4 weeks. Additionally, there was an increased accumulation of p62, a negative autophagy marker, in the glomerular and tubular regions in DOX-treated PAKO mice at Day 9. Moreover, DOX-treated PAKO mice showed more severe glomerulosclerosis and tubular damage and lower podocalyxin expression in the kidneys than DOX-treated control mice at 4 weeks. Furthermore, DOX treatment increased p-p53, an apoptosis marker, and cleaved the caspase-3 levels and induced apoptosis, which was ameliorated by fenofibrate, a PPAR-α activator. Fenofibrate further enhanced AMPK activation and autophagy under fed and fasting conditions. Conclusively, PPAR-α deficiency enhances DOX-induced podocytopathy, glomerulosclerosis, and tubular injury, possibly by reducing autophagic activity in mouse kidneys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 3369 KiB  
Article
The Loss of PPARγ Expression and Signaling Is a Key Feature of Cutaneous Actinic Disease and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Association with Tumor Stromal Inflammation
by Raymond L. Konger, Xiaoling Xuei, Ethel Derr-Yellin, Fang Fang, Hongyu Gao and Yunlong Liu
Cells 2024, 13(16), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161356 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1149
Abstract
Given the importance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in epidermal inflammation and carcinogenesis, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes observed in epidermal PPARγ-deficient mice (Pparg-/-epi). A gene set enrichment analysis revealed a close association with epithelial malignancy, inflammatory cell chemotaxis, [...] Read more.
Given the importance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in epidermal inflammation and carcinogenesis, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes observed in epidermal PPARγ-deficient mice (Pparg-/-epi). A gene set enrichment analysis revealed a close association with epithelial malignancy, inflammatory cell chemotaxis, and cell survival. Single-cell sequencing of Pparg-/-epi mice verified changes to the stromal compartment, including increased inflammatory cell infiltrates, particularly neutrophils, and an increase in fibroblasts expressing myofibroblast marker genes. A comparison of transcriptomic data from Pparg-/-epi and publicly available human and/or mouse actinic keratoses (AKs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) revealed a strong correlation between the datasets. Importantly, PPAR signaling was the top common inhibited canonical pathway in AKs and SCCs. Both AKs and SCCs also had significantly reduced PPARG expression and PPARγ activity z-scores. Smaller reductions in PPARA expression and PPARα activity and increased PPARD expression but reduced PPARδ activation were also observed. Reduced PPAR activity was also associated with reduced PPARα/RXRα activity, while LPS/IL1-mediated inhibition of RXR activity was significantly activated in the tumor datasets. Notably, these changes were not observed in normal sun-exposed skin relative to non-exposed skin. Finally, Ppara and Pparg were heavily expressed in sebocytes, while Ppard was highly expressed in myofibroblasts, suggesting that PPARδ has a role in myofibroblast differentiation. In conclusion, these data provide strong evidence that PPARγ and possibly PPARα represent key tumor suppressors by acting as master inhibitors of the inflammatory changes found in AKs and SCCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

21 pages, 4153 KiB  
Article
Role of 4-Thiazolidinone–Pyrazoline/Indoline Hybrids Les-4369 and Les-3467 in BJ and A549 Cell Lines
by Karolina Kosińska, Bartosz Skóra, Serhii Holota, Yulia Shepeta, Anna Tabęcka-Łonczyńska, Roman Lesyk and Konrad A. Szychowski
Cells 2024, 13(12), 1007; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13121007 - 8 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1263
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important problems of modern societies. Recently, studies have reported the anticancer properties of rosiglitazone related to its ability to bind peroxisome proliferator receptor γ (PPARγ), which has various effects on cancer and can inhibit cell proliferation. In [...] Read more.
Cancer is one of the most important problems of modern societies. Recently, studies have reported the anticancer properties of rosiglitazone related to its ability to bind peroxisome proliferator receptor γ (PPARγ), which has various effects on cancer and can inhibit cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the effect of new 4-thiazolidinone (4-TZD) hybrids Les-4369 and Les-3467 and their effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, metabolic activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, caspase-3 activity, and gene and protein expression in human foreskin fibroblast (BJ) cells and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. The ROS production and caspase-3 activity were mainly increased in the micromolar concentrations of the studied compounds in both cell lines. Les-3467 and Les-4369 increased the mRNA expression of PPARG, P53 (tumor protein P53), and ATM (ATM serine/threonine kinase) in the BJ cells, while the mRNA expression of these genes (except PPARG) was mainly decreased in the A549 cells treated with both of the tested compounds. Our results indicate a decrease in the protein expression of AhR, PPARγ, and PARP-1 in the BJ cells exposed to 1 µM Les-3467 and Les-4369. In the A549 cells, the protein expression of AhR, PPARγ, and PARP-1 increased in the treatment with 1 µM Les-3467 and Les-4369. We have also shown the PPARγ modulatory properties of Les-3467 and Les-4369. However, both compounds prove weak anticancer properties evidenced by their action at high concentrations and non-selective effects against BJ and A549 cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 2038 KiB  
Article
CBFA2T3 Is PPARA Sensitive and Attenuates Fasting-Induced Lipid Accumulation in Mouse Liver
by Donghwan Kim, Sang Keun Ha and Frank J. Gonzalez
Cells 2024, 13(10), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13100831 - 13 May 2024
Viewed by 1405
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is a key mediator of lipid metabolism and metabolic stress in the liver. Accumulating evidence shows that PPARA regulates the expression of various protein coding and non-coding genes that modulate metabolic stress [...] Read more.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is a key mediator of lipid metabolism and metabolic stress in the liver. Accumulating evidence shows that PPARA regulates the expression of various protein coding and non-coding genes that modulate metabolic stress in the liver. CBFA2/RUNX1 partner transcriptional co-repressor 3 (CBFA2T3) is a DNA-binding transcription factor that belongs to the myeloid translocation gene family. Many studies have shown that CBFA2T3 is associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Especially, CBFA2T3–GLIS2 fusion is a chimeric oncogene associated with a poor survival rate in pediatric acute megakaryocytic leukemia. A previous study identified that PPARA activation promoted Cbfa2t3 induction in liver and that Cbfa2t3 may have a modulatory role in metabolic stress. However, the effect of CBFA2T3 gene expression on metabolic stress is not understood. In this study, the PPARA ligand WY14643 activated Cbfa2t3 expression in mouse liver. Glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test data showed that insulin resistance is increased in Cbfa2t3−/− mice compared to Cbfa2t3+/+ mice. Hepatic CBFA2T3 modulates heat shock protein family A member 1b and carbonic anhydrase 5a expression. Histology analysis revealed lipid droplet and lipid accumulation in the liver of fasting Cbfa2t3−/− mice but not Cbfa2t3+/+ mice. The expression of lipid accumulation-related genes, such as Cd36, Cidea, and Fabp1, was increased in the liver of fasting Cbfa2t3−/− mice. Especially, basal expression levels of Cidea mRNA were elevated in the liver of Cbfa2t3−/− mice compared to Cbfa2t3+/+ mice. Much higher induction of Cidea mRNA was seen in the liver of Cbfa2t3−/− mice after WY14643 administration. These results indicate that hepatic CBFA2T3 is a PPARA-sensitive gene that may modulate metabolic stress in mouse liver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

31 pages, 474 KiB  
Review
The Versatile Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Immune-Mediated Intestinal Diseases
by Edit Posta, Istvan Fekete, Istvan Varkonyi, Eva Zold and Zsolt Barta
Cells 2024, 13(20), 1688; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13201688 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1720
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that sense lipophilic molecules and act as transcription factors to regulate target genes. PPARs have been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity, glucose and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, wound healing, and fibrotic processes. Some synthetic [...] Read more.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that sense lipophilic molecules and act as transcription factors to regulate target genes. PPARs have been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity, glucose and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, wound healing, and fibrotic processes. Some synthetic PPAR ligands are promising molecules for the treatment of inflammatory and fibrotic processes in immune-mediated intestinal diseases. Some of these are currently undergoing or have previously undergone clinical trials. Dietary PPAR ligands and changes in microbiota composition could modulate PPARs’ activation to reduce inflammatory responses in these immune-mediated diseases, based on animal models and clinical trials. This narrative review aims to summarize the role of PPARs in immune-mediated bowel diseases and their potential therapeutic use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 327 KiB  
Review
Pleiotropic Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha and Gamma Agonists on Myocardial Damage: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence—A Narrative Review
by María Esther Rubio-Ruíz, Juan Carlos Plata-Corona, Elizabeth Soria-Castro, Julieta Anabell Díaz-Juárez and María Sánchez-Aguilar
Cells 2024, 13(17), 1488; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171488 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 949
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in the world, and that is why finding an effective and multi-functional treatment alternative to combat these diseases has become more important. Fibrates and thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma are the pharmacological therapies [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in the world, and that is why finding an effective and multi-functional treatment alternative to combat these diseases has become more important. Fibrates and thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma are the pharmacological therapies used to treat dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. New mechanisms of action of these drugs have been found, demonstrating their pleiotropic effects, which contribute to preserving the heart by reducing or even preventing myocardial damage. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of PPAR agonists and regulating morphological and physiological heart alterations (metabolic flexibility, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, structural remodeling, and inflammation). Moreover, clinical evidence regarding the cardioprotective effect of PPAR agonists is also addressed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III)
12 pages, 1931 KiB  
Review
PPAR-Mediated Bile Acid Glucuronidation: Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Cholestatic Liver Diseases
by Gina M. Gallucci, Colleen M. Hayes, James L. Boyer, Olivier Barbier, David N. Assis and Nisanne S. Ghonem
Cells 2024, 13(15), 1296; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13151296 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1598
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), result from an impairment of bile flow that leads to the hepatic retention of bile acids, causing liver injury. Until recently, the only approved treatments for PBC were ursodeoxycholic acid [...] Read more.
Cholestatic liver diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), result from an impairment of bile flow that leads to the hepatic retention of bile acids, causing liver injury. Until recently, the only approved treatments for PBC were ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA). While these therapies slow the progression of PBC in the early stage of the disease, approximately 40% of patients respond incompletely to UDCA, and advanced cases do not respond. UDCA does not improve survival in patients with PSC, and patients often have dose-limiting pruritus reactions to OCA. Left untreated, these diseases can progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis, resulting in liver failure and the need for transplantation. These shortcomings emphasize the urgent need for alternative treatment strategies. Recently, nuclear hormone receptors have been explored as pharmacological targets for adjunct therapy because they regulate enzymes involved in bile acid metabolism and detoxification. In particular, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) has emerged as a therapeutic target for patients with PBC or PSC who experience an incomplete response to UDCA. PPARα is predominantly expressed in the liver, and it plays an essential role in the regulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, both of which are critical enzyme families involved in the regulation of bile acid metabolism and glucuronidation, respectively. Importantly, PPARα agonists, e.g., fenofibrate, have shown therapeutic benefits in reducing elevated markers of cholestasis in patients with PBC and PSC, and elafibranor, the first PPAR (dual α, β/δ) agonist, has been FDA-approved for the second-line treatment of PBC. Additionally, newer PPAR agonists that target various PPAR isoforms (β/δ, γ) are under development as an adjunct therapy for PBC or PSC, although their impact on glucuronidation pathways are less characterized. This review will focus on PPAR-mediated bile acid glucuronidation as a therapeutic pathway to improve outcomes for patients with PBC and PSC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of PPARs in Disease - Volume III)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-9
Back to TopTop