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Cells
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Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Health and Disease
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Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Health and Disease

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Stem Cells".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 8046

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Spencer A. Brown

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
Interests: stromal cells; adipose tissues; adipose-derived stem cells

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a subtype of mesenchymal stem cells. ASCs have recently garnered increasing interest for use in potential cellular therapies. The primary advantages of ASCs compared to other mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) include them being easily obtained (in an autologous manner) from only slightly invasive procedures, rendering a large number of multipotent stem cells with the potential to differentiate into several cellular lineages, showing immunomodulatory properties, and promoting tissue regeneration by a paracrine action through the secretion of extracellular vesicles that contain trophic factors.

Studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that ASCs are multipotent, possessing the ability to differentiate into cells of mesodermal origins, including adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and others. Moreover, ASCs produce a broad array of cytokines, growth factors, nucleic acids (miRNAs), and other macromolecules into the surrounding milieu via secretion or in the context of microvesicles. The secretome of ASCs has been shown to alter tissue biology, stimulate tissue-resident stem cells, change immune cell activity, and mediate therapeutic outcomes.

Researchers working in the field of regenerative medicine and immunological-related pathways are encouraged to publish their recent findings in this Special Issue of Cells.

Dr. Spencer A. Brown
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)
  • multipotent stem cells
  • extracellular vesicles
  • cellular therapy
  • tissue regeneration
  • immunoregulation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 4593 KiB  
Article
Trodusquemine (MSI-1436) Restores Metabolic Flexibility and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Insulin-Resistant Equine Hepatic Progenitor Cells (HPCs)
by Badr Qasem, Agnieszka Dąbrowska, Jarosław Króliczewski, Jacek Łyczko and Krzysztof Marycz
Cells 2024, 13(2), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13020152 - 14 Jan 2024
Viewed by 2922
Abstract
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a significant global health concern in veterinary medicine. There is increasing interest in utilizing molecular agents to modulate hepatocyte function for potential clinical applications. Recent studies have shown promising results in inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) to maintain [...] Read more.
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a significant global health concern in veterinary medicine. There is increasing interest in utilizing molecular agents to modulate hepatocyte function for potential clinical applications. Recent studies have shown promising results in inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) to maintain cell function in various models. In this study, we investigated the effects of the inhibitor Trodusquemine (MSI-1436) on equine hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) under lipotoxic conditions. We examined proliferative activity, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial morphogenesis. Our study found that MSI-1436 promotes HPC entry into the cell cycle and protects them from palmitate-induced apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis. MSI-1436 also increases glucose uptake and protects HPCs from palmitate-induced stress by reorganizing the cells’ morphological architecture. Furthermore, our findings suggest that MSI-1436 enhances 2-NBDG uptake by increasing the expression of SIRT1, which is associated with liver insulin sensitivity. It also promotes mitochondrial dynamics by modulating mitochondria quantity and morphotype as well as increasing the expression of PINK1, MFN1, and MFN2. Our study provides evidence that MSI-1436 has a positive impact on equine hepatic progenitor cells, indicating its potential therapeutic value in treating EMS and insulin dysregulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Health and Disease)
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17 pages, 14562 KiB  
Article
Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Alleviates Atherosclerotic Plaque by Inhibiting Ox-LDL Uptake, Inflammatory Reaction and Endothelial Damage in Rabbits
by Yanhong Li, Guiying Shi, Wei Liang, Haiquan Shang, Huiwu Li, Yunlin Han, Wenjie Zhao, Lin Bai and Chuan Qin
Cells 2023, 12(15), 1936; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12151936 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2315
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries fueled by lipids. It is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells have been used for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to regulate [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries fueled by lipids. It is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells have been used for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to regulate the activation state of macrophages and exhibit anti-inflammatory capabilities. However, the effect of allogeneic ADSCs in the treatment of AS have not been investigated. In this study, the early treatment effect and preliminary mechanism analysis of allogeneic rabbit ADSCs intravenous transplantation were investigated in a high-fat diet rabbit model. The polarization mechanism of rabbit ADSCs on the macrophage was further analyzed in vitro. Compared with the model group, blood lipid levels declined, the plaque area, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake, scavenger receptor A1 and cluster of differentiation (CD) 36 levels were all significantly reduced, and the accumulation of inflammatory M1 macrophages, apoptosis, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression were decreased. The endothelial cells (CD31), M2 macrophages, IL-10 and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels increased. In vitro, ADSCs can promote the M1 macrophage phenotypic switch toward the M2 macrophage through their secreted exosomes, and the main mechanism includes increasing arginase 1 expression and IL-10 secretion, declining inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and TNF-α secretion, and activating the STAT6 pathway. Therefore, allogeneic rabbit ADSC transplantation can transmigrate to the aortic atherosclerotic plaques and show a good effect in lowering blood lipids and alleviating atherosclerotic plaque in the early stage of AS by inhibiting ox-LDL uptake, inflammatory response, and endothelial damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Health and Disease)
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14 pages, 2763 KiB  
Article
Conversion of Unmodified Stem Cells to Pacemaker Cells by Overexpression of Key Developmental Genes
by Tahereh Karimi, Zhizhong Pan, Vladimir N. Potaman and Eckhard U. Alt
Cells 2023, 12(10), 1381; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12101381 - 13 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2395
Abstract
Arrhythmias of the heart are currently treated by implanting electronic pacemakers and defibrillators. Unmodified adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers but have not yet been tested for the generation of pacemaker and Purkinje cells. [...] Read more.
Arrhythmias of the heart are currently treated by implanting electronic pacemakers and defibrillators. Unmodified adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers but have not yet been tested for the generation of pacemaker and Purkinje cells. We investigated if—based on overexpression of dominant conduction cell-specific genes in ASCs—biological pacemaker cells could be induced. Here we show that by overexpression of certain genes that are active during the natural development of the conduction system, the differentiation of ASCs to pacemaker and Purkinje-like cells is feasible. Our study revealed that the most effective procedure consisted of short-term upregulation of gene combinations SHOX2-TBX5-HCN2, and to a lesser extent SHOX2-TBX3-HCN2. Single-gene expression protocols were ineffective. Future clinical implantation of such pacemaker and Purkinje cells, derived from unmodified ASCs of the same patient, could open up new horizons for the treatment of arrythmias. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Health and Disease)
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