The Ubiquitin–Proteasome System (UPS): Signaling Processes and Targeted Protein Degradation

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Signaling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 8339

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: proteasome; ubiquitin; proteolytic chimeras; targeted protein degradation; bispecific and multi-specific degraders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Cells on “The Ubiquitin–Proteasome System (UPS): Signaling Processes and Targeted Protein Degradation” offers scholars the opportunity to publish research articles and reviews on proximity-based chimeras and molecular glues, one of the most expanding fields in innovative therapies. This Special Issue envisions the mechanistic basis of targeted protein degradation, placing the focus, not only on the main actors in UPS, ubiquitin ligases, but also on other key regulators such as deubiquitinating enzymes, adaptor proteins and all the factors that make the UPS one of the most complex systems in cells. Beyond that, we are interested in all proximity-based approaches that focus on highly specific therapeutic strategies, linked to targeted protein degradation. Chimeras directed towards autophagy or endocytic internalization for lysosomal degradation, novel biorthogonal approaches, innovative bispecific and multi-specific strategies are also welcome in the Special Issue.  We look forward to your contributions!

Dr. Bernat Crosas
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • ubiquitin–proteasome system
  • ubiquitin ligases
  • targeted protein degradation
  • bispecific chimeras
  • novel chimera approaches

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2219 KiB  
Article
Aptamer-Hytac Chimeras for Targeted Degradation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-1
by Carme Fàbrega, Núria Gallisà-Suñé, Alice Zuin, Juan Sebastián Ruíz, Bernat Coll-Martínez, Gemma Fabriàs, Ramon Eritja and Bernat Crosas
Cells 2024, 13(21), 1767; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13211767 - 25 Oct 2024
Viewed by 581
Abstract
The development of novel tools to tackle viral processes has become a central focus in global health, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The spike protein is currently one of the main SARS-CoV-2 targets, owing to its key roles in infectivity and virion formation. In [...] Read more.
The development of novel tools to tackle viral processes has become a central focus in global health, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The spike protein is currently one of the main SARS-CoV-2 targets, owing to its key roles in infectivity and virion formation. In this context, exploring innovative strategies to block the activity of essential factors of SARS-CoV-2, such as spike proteins, will strengthen the capacity to respond to current and future threats. In the present work, we developed and tested novel bispecific molecules that encompass: (i) oligonucleotide aptamers S901 and S702, which bind to the spike protein through its S1 domain, and (ii) hydrophobic tags, such as adamantane and tert-butyl-carbamate-based ligands. Hydrophobic tags have the capacity to trigger the degradation of targets recruited in the context of a proteolytic chimera by activating quality control pathways. We observed that S901-adamantyl conjugates promote the degradation of the S1 spike domain, stably expressed in human cells by genomic insertion. These results highlight the suitability of aptamers as target-recognition molecules and the robustness of protein quality control pathways triggered by hydrophobic signals, and place aptamer-Hytacs as promising tools for counteracting coronavirus progression in human cells. Full article
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24 pages, 3809 KiB  
Article
The Proteasome and Cul3-Dependent Protein Ubiquitination Is Required for Gli Protein-Mediated Activation of Gene Expression in the Hedgehog Pathway
by Tomasz Uśpieński and Paweł Niewiadomski
Cells 2024, 13(17), 1496; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171496 - 6 Sep 2024
Viewed by 823
Abstract
Many cellular processes are regulated by proteasome-mediated protein degradation, including regulation of signaling pathways and gene expression. Among the pathways regulated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system is the Hedgehog pathway and its downstream effectors, the Gli transcription factors. Here we provide evidence that proteasomal [...] Read more.
Many cellular processes are regulated by proteasome-mediated protein degradation, including regulation of signaling pathways and gene expression. Among the pathways regulated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system is the Hedgehog pathway and its downstream effectors, the Gli transcription factors. Here we provide evidence that proteasomal activity is necessary for maintaining the activation of the Hedgehog pathway, and this crucial event takes place at the level of Gli proteins. We undertook extensive work to demonstrate the specificity of the observed phenomenon by ruling out the involvement of primary cilium, impaired nuclear import, failed dissociation from Sufu, microtubule stabilization, and stabilization of Gli repressor forms. Moreover, we showed that proteasomal-inhibition-mediated Hedgehog pathway downregulation is not restricted to the NIH-3T3 cell line. We demonstrated, using CRISPR/Ca9 mutagenesis, that neither Gli1, Gli2, nor Gli3 are solely responsible for the Hedgehog pathway downregulation upon proteasome inhibitor treatment, and that Cul3 KO renders the same phenotype. Finally, we report two novel E3 ubiquitin ligases, Btbd9 and Kctd3, known Cul3 interactors, as positive Hedgehog pathway regulators. Our data pave the way for a better understanding of the regulation of gene expression and the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Full article
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15 pages, 3366 KiB  
Article
Diallyl Trisulfide Causes Male Infertility with Oligoasthenoteratospermia in Sitotroga cerealella through the Ubiquitin–Proteasome Pathway
by Sakhawat Shah, Karam Khamis Elgizawy, Meng-Ya Wu, Hucheng Yao, Wen-Han Yan, Yu Li, Xiao-Ping Wang, Gang Wu and Feng-Lian Yang
Cells 2023, 12(20), 2507; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12202507 - 23 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Essential oils extracted from plant sources along with their biologically active components may have negative effects on insects. Diallyl trisulfide (DAT) is an active component of garlic essential oil, and it exhibits multi-targeted activity against many organisms. Previously we reported that DAT induces [...] Read more.
Essential oils extracted from plant sources along with their biologically active components may have negative effects on insects. Diallyl trisulfide (DAT) is an active component of garlic essential oil, and it exhibits multi-targeted activity against many organisms. Previously we reported that DAT induces male infertility and leads to apyrene and eupyrene sperm dysfunction in Sitotroga cerealella. In this study, we conducted an analysis of testis-specific RNA-Seq data and identified 449 downregulated genes and 60 upregulated genes in the DAT group compared to the control group. The downregulated genes were significantly enriched in the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Furthermore, DAT caused a significant reduction in mRNA expression of proteasome regulatory subunit particles required for ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins as well as decreased the expression profile of proteasome core particles, including β1, β2, and β5. Sperm physiological analysis showed that DAT decreased the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome and formed aggresomes in spermatozoa. Overall, our findings suggest that DAT impairs the testis proteasome, ultimately causing male infertility characterized by oligoasthenoteratospermia due to disruption in sperm proteasome assembly in S. cerealella. Full article
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Review

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37 pages, 1892 KiB  
Review
Breaking Bad Proteins—Discovery Approaches and the Road to Clinic for Degraders
by Corentin Bouvier, Rachel Lawrence, Francesca Cavallo, Wendy Xolalpa, Allan Jordan, Roland Hjerpe and Manuel S. Rodriguez
Cells 2024, 13(7), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13070578 - 26 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4763
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) describe compounds that bind to and induce degradation of a target by simultaneously binding to a ubiquitin ligase. More generally referred to as bifunctional degraders, PROTACs have led the way in the field of targeted protein degradation (TPD), with several [...] Read more.
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) describe compounds that bind to and induce degradation of a target by simultaneously binding to a ubiquitin ligase. More generally referred to as bifunctional degraders, PROTACs have led the way in the field of targeted protein degradation (TPD), with several compounds currently undergoing clinical testing. Alongside bifunctional degraders, single-moiety compounds, or molecular glue degraders (MGDs), are increasingly being considered as a viable approach for development of therapeutics, driven by advances in rational discovery approaches. This review focuses on drug discovery with respect to bifunctional and molecular glue degraders within the ubiquitin proteasome system, including analysis of mechanistic concepts and discovery approaches, with an overview of current clinical and pre-clinical degrader status in oncology, neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease. Full article
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