Biomarker Diagnostics in Alzheimer’s Disease

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 4027

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., 395 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UKSchool of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK
Interests: Alzheimer’s disease; neurodegeneration; tau protein; tau-based therapeutics; clinical trials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., 395 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UKSchool of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK
Interests: Alzheimer’s disease; frontotemporal dementia; clinical trials; tau protein
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Scottish Biologics Facility, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK
Interests: Alzheimer’s disease; tau protein; antibodies; biomarkers

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Scottish Biologics Facility, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK
Interests: recombinant antibodies; immunodiagnostics; immunotherapeutics; Alzheimer’s disease; tau protein; biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is characterized and diagnosed clinically by progressive cognitive decline. It is well established that the pathophysiology of AD remains clinically silent for decades prior to symptomatic decline. Identifying individuals at risk of disease progression could allow for effective intervention whilst the therapeutic window remains open for preservation of quality of life. To this end, establishing biomarkers of AD can be essential in obtaining a specific molecular signature for each disease stage. Equally important is the need to develop improved diagnostic tests to interrogate biological samples for accurate detection of these disease-specific markers at an early stage and differentiate AD from other forms of dementia.

This Special Issue of Cells aims to introduce new concepts which can enhance our current understanding of AD-specific biomarkers and provide a comprehensive update on recent advances in specific techniques/scientific discoveries that can be instrumental in the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Original articles and comprehensive reviews which cover topics including candidate biomarker identification in Alzheimer’s disease, novel diagnostic methods using easily accessible biofluids, investigation of biochemical changes in the brain through imaging studies, and development of specific tests tracking AD progression are welcome.

Dr. Charles R. Harrington
Prof. Claude M. Wischik
Dr. Mohammad Arastoo
Dr. Soumya Palliyil
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • AD diagnostics
  • early-stage detection
  • beta-amyloid
  • tau fragments
  • blood-based biomarkers
  • CSF-omics
  • immunodiagnostics
  • neuroimaging

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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16 pages, 3149 KiB  
Systematic Review
Utility of Blood-Based Tau Biomarkers for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Alex Zabala-Findlay, Lewis K. Penny, Richard A. Lofthouse, Andrew J. Porter, Soumya Palliyil, Charles R. Harrington, Claude M. Wischik and Mohammad Arastoo
Cells 2023, 12(8), 1184; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12081184 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3299
Abstract
Objectives: With the development of new technologies capable of detecting low concentrations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) relevant biomarkers, the idea of a blood-based diagnosis of AD is nearing reality. This study aims to consider the evidence of total and phosphorylated tau as blood-based [...] Read more.
Objectives: With the development of new technologies capable of detecting low concentrations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) relevant biomarkers, the idea of a blood-based diagnosis of AD is nearing reality. This study aims to consider the evidence of total and phosphorylated tau as blood-based biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD when compared to healthy controls. Methods: Studies published between 1 January 2012 and 1 May 2021 (Embase and MEDLINE databases) measuring plasma/serum levels of tau in AD, MCI, and control cohorts were screened for eligibility, including quality and bias assessment via a modified QUADAS. The meta-analyses comprised 48 studies assessing total tau (t-tau), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217), comparing the ratio of biomarker concentrations in MCI, AD, and cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls. Results: Plasma/serum p-tau181 (mean effect size, 95% CI, 2.02 (1.76–2.27)) and t-tau (mean effect size, 95% CI, 1.77 (1.49–2.04)) were elevated in AD study participants compared to controls. Plasma/serum p-tau181 (mean effect size, 95% CI, 1.34 (1.20–1.49)) and t-tau (mean effect size, 95% CI, 1.47 (1.26–1.67)) were also elevated with moderate effect size in MCI study participants compared to controls. p-tau217 was also assessed, albeit in a small number of eligible studies, for AD vs. CU (mean effect size, 95% CI, 1.89 (1.86–1.92)) and for MCI vs. CU groups (mean effect size, 95% CI, 4.16 (3.61–4.71)). Conclusions: This paper highlights the growing evidence that blood-based tau biomarkers have early diagnostic utility for Alzheimer’s disease. Registration: PROSPERO No. CRD42020209482. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarker Diagnostics in Alzheimer’s Disease)
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