Cellular Changes in Microgravity and Radiation

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2020) | Viewed by 4773

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Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
Interests: molecular genetics and genomics of stem cells; stem cell cardiovascular genomics; developmental/differentiation; toxicity gene signatures and pathways
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gravity and radiation have had a great impact on the development of all organisms since the emergence of life. Indeed, mechanical and radiation stimuli mediated by gravity and radiation induce signal transduction pathways, affecting several cellular biological processes such as oxidative stress in various living organisms. During space flights, astronauts are exposed to several major stress stimuli, including microgravity and radiation. Astronauts exposed to microgravity and radiation are suffering from many health-related complications such as loss of bone density, muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular, hematic, metabolic, and endocrine complications, which are all associated with increased senescence. It is hoped that progress in aerospace medical research will minimize the health risks for astronauts. In the long-term, the vision of future space settlement drives several scientific disciplines to investigate the influence of different gravity and radiation conditions on human life and health. This Special Issue will present recent advances on the effects of space radiation and microgravity on cellular functions. Both reviews and original research works are welcome. Manuscripts will undergo a rigorous peer-review process before being accepted for publication. 

Prof. Agapios Sachinidis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • microgravity
  • radiation
  • mechanisms of aging and senescence diseases
  • aerospace pharmacology and medicine
  • alteration of cellular metabolism

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

27 pages, 6252 KiB  
Article
Radiation Response of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
by Christine E. Hellweg, Vaibhav Shinde, Sureshkumar Perumal Srinivasan, Margit Henry, Tamara Rotshteyn, Christa Baumstark-Khan, Claudia Schmitz, Sebastian Feles, Luis F. Spitta, Ruth Hemmersbach, Jürgen Hescheler and Agapios Sachinidis
Cells 2020, 9(7), 1650; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9071650 - 9 Jul 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4235
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms of disturbed differentiation and development by radiation, murine CGR8 embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were exposed to ionizing radiation and differentiated by forming embryoid bodies (EBs). The colony forming ability test was applied for survival and the MTT test for [...] Read more.
To understand the mechanisms of disturbed differentiation and development by radiation, murine CGR8 embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were exposed to ionizing radiation and differentiated by forming embryoid bodies (EBs). The colony forming ability test was applied for survival and the MTT test for viability determination after X-irradiation. Cell cycle progression was determined by flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained cells, and DNA double strand break (DSB) induction and repair by γH2AX immunofluorescence. The radiosensitivity of mESCs was slightly higher compared to the murine osteoblast cell line OCT-1. The viability 72 h after X-irradiation decreased dose-dependently and was higher in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Cells exposed to 2 or 7 Gy underwent a transient G2 arrest. X-irradiation induced γH2AX foci and they disappeared within 72 h. After 72 h of X-ray exposure, RNA was isolated and analyzed using genome-wide microarrays. The gene expression analysis revealed amongst others a regulation of developmental genes (Ada, Baz1a, Calcoco2, Htra1, Nefh, S100a6 and Rassf6), downregulation of genes involved in glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism whereas upregulation of genes related to the p53 signaling pathway. X-irradiated mESCs formed EBs and differentiated toward cardiomyocytes but their beating frequencies were lower compared to EBs from unirradiated cells. These results suggest that X-irradiation of mESCs deregulate genes related to the developmental process. The most significant biological processes found to be altered by X-irradiation in mESCs were the development of cardiovascular, nervous, circulatory and renal system. These results may explain the X-irradiation induced-embryonic lethality and malformations observed in animal studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular Changes in Microgravity and Radiation)
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