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Chemosensors
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Carbon Quantum Dots: From the Design Synthesis to the Chemo...
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Carbon Quantum Dots: From the Design Synthesis to the Chemo and Biosensor

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials for Chemical Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 17848

Special Issue Editor

Dr. João Prior

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Interests: analytical chemistry; green chemistry; chemosensors; nanotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Nanocarbon-based particles, namely, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), have attracted enormous interest as candidates for applications in research fields ranging from chemosensors to biosensors, cell imaging, and targeted drug delivery, amongst others, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, as they exhibit tunable fluorescence, biocompatibility, and a susceptible surface for useful chemical modifications. These nanocarbon materials act as promising chemosensors in a wide range of chemical control in the pharmaceutical, environmental, toxicological, and food (or food-packaging) industry areas. The same applies to their use as fluorescent nanolabels in cells and living tissues, thus allowing their use as biosensors.

This Special Issue on “Carbon Quantum Dots: From Synthesis Design to the Chemo- and Biosensor” will provide the scientific community with a state-of-the-art and systematic overview of the recent developments in the synthesis progress concerning materials/methods, surface modifications, characterization methods, purification techniques, and applications as chemosensors and biosensors, promoting thus a comprehensive comparison of the characteristics of CQDs and their influences on the chemo or bio-analytical control. This Special Issue intends to constitute a comprehensive handbook for researchers on the selection strategy of CQD design according to their objective application, covering the whole process, from the synthesis to the final stage of application as a chemo- or biosensor.

Both review articles and original research papers are solicited in, though not limited to, the following areas:

  • Synthesis of carbon quantum dots (preferably green-synthesis methods);
  • Design considerations for surface functionalization and approaches;
  • Characterization techniques;
  • Purification approaches;
  • Chemosensors in the pharmaceutical and food industries;
  • Chemosensors for toxicological and environmental monitoring;
  • Biosensors (for bio-tracking or direct quantification of biomolecules in cells);
  • Challenges in analytical protocols when using nanocarbon materials as chemosensors.

Dr. João Prior
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Carbon dots
  • Green chemistry
  • Chemosensors
  • Biosensors

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3701 KiB  
Article
Highly Specific Silver Ion Detection by Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots
by Lorenzo Gontrani, Elvira Maria Bauer, Alessandro Nucara, Pietro Tagliatesta and Marilena Carbone
Chemosensors 2022, 10(9), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090362 - 9 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2490
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots are easily obtainable nanomaterials endowed with remarkable fluorescence properties for the detection of contaminations by heavy metals. In this report, we show that nanometric particles with high specificity for silver cations can be prepared by hydrothermal synthesis starting from [...] Read more.
Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots are easily obtainable nanomaterials endowed with remarkable fluorescence properties for the detection of contaminations by heavy metals. In this report, we show that nanometric particles with high specificity for silver cations can be prepared by hydrothermal synthesis starting from citric and folic acid solutions. Solutions of these N-CQDs give a strong fluorescence emission in the violet region (385 nm) when excited at 330 nm, which can be quenched selectively by silver (I) cations at sub-nanomolar concentrations, while other cations do not give any effect. This remarkable feature was tentatively correlated with the stronger interactions between silver ion and small portions of the nanomaterial surface by comparing Ag+ and the isoelectronic Cd2+. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Quantum Dots: From the Design Synthesis to the Chemo and Biosensor)
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14 pages, 3562 KiB  
Article
Carbon Quantum Dots from Lemon Waste Enable Communication among Biodevices
by Federico Calì, Valentina Cantaro, Luca Fichera, Roberta Ruffino, Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto, Giovanni Li-Destri and Nunzio Tuccitto
Chemosensors 2021, 9(8), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9080202 - 30 Jul 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4415
Abstract
A bioinspired method of communication among biodevices based on fluorescent nanoparticles is herein presented. This approach does not use electromagnetic waves but rather the exchange of chemical systems—a method known as molecular communication. The example outlined was based on the fluorescence properties of [...] Read more.
A bioinspired method of communication among biodevices based on fluorescent nanoparticles is herein presented. This approach does not use electromagnetic waves but rather the exchange of chemical systems—a method known as molecular communication. The example outlined was based on the fluorescence properties of carbon dots and follows a circular economy approach as the method involves preparation from the juice of lemon waste. The synthesis is herein presented, and the fluorescence properties and diffusion coefficient are evaluated. The application of carbon dots to molecular communication was studied from a theoretical point of view by numerically solving the differential equation that governs the phenomenon. The theoretical results were used to develop a prototype molecular communication platform that enables the communication of simple messages via aqueous fluids to a fluorescence-detecting biodevice receiver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Quantum Dots: From the Design Synthesis to the Chemo and Biosensor)
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13 pages, 3401 KiB  
Article
An Active Surface Preservation Strategy for the Rational Development of Carbon Dots as pH-Responsive Fluorescent Nanosensors
by Ana Carolina P. Afonso, Ana Salomé Correia, Diana Duarte, Ana T. S. C. Brandão, Maria del Valle Martínez de Yuso, José Jiménez-Jiménez, Nuno Vale, Carlos M. Pereira, Manuel Algarra and Luís Pinto da Silva
Chemosensors 2021, 9(8), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9080191 - 24 Jul 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3153
Abstract
Here we report the rational development of a carbon dot (CDs)-based fluorescent pH nanosensor by employing an active surface preservation strategy. More specifically, citric acid, urea and fluorescein were subjected to a one-pot hydrothermal treatment, which preserved fluorescein-like structures on the surface of [...] Read more.
Here we report the rational development of a carbon dot (CDs)-based fluorescent pH nanosensor by employing an active surface preservation strategy. More specifically, citric acid, urea and fluorescein were subjected to a one-pot hydrothermal treatment, which preserved fluorescein-like structures on the surface of the CDs. The obtained CDs showed pH-sensitive green emission, which can be used to determine pH variations from 3.7 to 12.1 by fluorescence enhancement. Moreover, the obtained nanoparticles showed excellent selectivity toward pH, fluorescence reversibility in different pH values, photostability, while being compatible with human cell lines (even at high concentrations). Furthermore, their performance as pH sensors was comparable with reference pH determination procedures. Thus, an active surface preservation strategy was successfully employed to develop fluorescence pH nanosensors in a rational manner and without post-synthesis functionalization strategies, which show potential for future use in pH determination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Quantum Dots: From the Design Synthesis to the Chemo and Biosensor)
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Review

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37 pages, 32961 KiB  
Review
An Overview of the Recent Developments in Carbon Quantum Dots—Promising Nanomaterials for Metal Ion Detection and (Bio)Molecule Sensing
by Silvija Šafranko, Dominik Goman, Anamarija Stanković, Martina Medvidović-Kosanović, Tihomir Moslavac, Igor Jerković and Stela Jokić
Chemosensors 2021, 9(6), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9060138 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 7042
Abstract
The fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent an emerging subset of carbonaceous nanomaterials, recently becoming a powerful tool for biosensing, bioimaging, and drug and gene delivery. In general, carbon dots are defined as zero-dimensional (0D), spherical-like nanoparticles with <10 nm in size. Their [...] Read more.
The fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent an emerging subset of carbonaceous nanomaterials, recently becoming a powerful tool for biosensing, bioimaging, and drug and gene delivery. In general, carbon dots are defined as zero-dimensional (0D), spherical-like nanoparticles with <10 nm in size. Their unique chemical, optical, and electronic properties make CQDs versatile materials for a wide spectrum of applications, mainly for the sensing and biomedical purposes. Due to their good biocompatibility, water solubility, and relatively facile modification, these novel materials have attracted tremendous interest in recent years, which is especially important for nanotechnology and nanoscience expertise. The preparation of the biomass-derived CQDs has attracted growing interest recently due to their low-cost, renewable, and green biomass resources, presenting also the variability of possible modification for the enhancement of CQDs’ properties. This review is primarily focused on the recent developments in carbon dots and their application in the sensing of different chemical species within the last five years. Furthermore, special emphasis has been made regarding the green approaches for obtaining CQDs and nanomaterial characterization toward better understanding the mechanisms of photoluminescent behavior and sensing performance. In addition, some of the challenges and future outlooks in CQDs research have been briefly outlined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Quantum Dots: From the Design Synthesis to the Chemo and Biosensor)
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